Linking Management Effectiveness Indicators to Observed Effects of Protected Areas on Fire Occurrence in the Amazon Rainforest

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96420/1/cobi1930.pd

The multiplicity of malaria transmission: a review of entomological inoculation rate measurements and methods across sub-Saharan Africa

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a serious tropical disease that causes more than one million deaths each year, most of them in Africa. It is transmitted by a range of Anopheles mosquitoes and the risk of disease varies greatly across the continent. The "entomological inoculation rate" is the commonly-used measure of the intensity of malaria transmission, yet the methods used are currently not standardized, nor do they take the ecological, demographic, and socioeconomic differences across populations into account. To better understand the multiplicity of malaria transmission, this study examines the distribution of transmission intensity across sub-Saharan Africa, reviews the range of methods used, and explores ecological parameters in selected locations. It builds on an extensive geo-referenced database and uses geographical information systems to highlight transmission patterns, knowledge gaps, trends and changes in methodologies over time, and key differences between land use, population density, climate, and the main mosquito species. The aim is to improve the methods of measuring malaria transmission, to help develop the way forward so that we can better assess the impact of the large-scale intervention programmes, and rapid demographic and environmental change taking place across Africa

Examining the correlates and drivers of human population distributions across low-and middle-income countries

Geographical factors have influenced the distributions and densities of global human population distributions for centuries. Climatic regimes have made some regions more habitable than others, harsh topography has discouraged human settlement, and transport links have encouraged population growth. A better understanding of these types of relationships enables both improved mapping of population distributions today and modelling of future scenarios. However, few comprehensive studies of the relationships between population spatial distributions and the range of drivers and correlates that exist have been undertaken at all, much less at high spatial resolutions, and particularly across the low-and middle-income countries. Here, we quantify the relative importance of multiple types of drivers and covariates in explaining observed population densities across 32 low-and middle-income countries over four continents using machine-learning approaches. We find that, while relationships between population densities and geographical factors show some variation between regions, theyare generally remarkably consistent,pointing to universal drivers of human population distribution. Here,we find that a set of geographical features relating to the built environment, ecology and topography consistently explain the majority of variability in population distributions at fine spatial scales across the low-and middle-income regions of the world.</p

Australia / drawn by the National Mapping Office, Dept. of the Interior

Relief shown by shading and spot heights. Deptsh shown by gradient tints.; NMO/54/9Color;1:15 000 00

National map index of Australia / compiled and drawn by the National Mapping Section, Department of the Interior, Canberra, A.C.T.

Shows index numbers for "1 mile sheets" and "4 mile sheets".; Includes inset of Tasmaniaat same scale.; "L.F. Johnston, Gov't. Printer, Canberra, 1949."Color;1:5,000,00

Australia mapping coverage emergency war time mapping / compiled by the National Mapping Office, Department of the Interior

Shows maps at scale 1:63360 and maps at scale 1:253440.; "Map 2A" -- upper right corner.; NMO/52/156/2AGrayscale

Australia Statistical Divisions and Local Government Areas, 1976 Census / Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 1978

Index to Local Government Areas on verso;Color;1:5,000,00

Australia, national geodetic survey : as at 31st December 1966 / Drawn by Division of National Mapping, Department of National Development

"NMP/65/141. NMP/67/005."Color;1:12,800,00

Billa Kalina [cartographic material] /

Topographic map of Billa Kalina, South Australia. Relief shown by spot heights.; On verso: Mis.13080.; Also available in an electronic version via the internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn4972971