Effect of sex on the voxel-wise annualized rate of GM atrophy (expressed in %/year) illustrating the cortical areas where women presented a higher rate of GM atrophy compared to men.

<p>Only voxels showing significant sex-related differences (<i>p</i><0.05 FWE corrected for multiple comparison) are superimposed onto the 3D rendering (<i>upper part</i>) and 2D slices of the mean GM map of the 3C-MRI cohort (<i>n</i> = 1,172). L: Left. R: Right.</p

Regression plot of the GM volume at baseline vs. subject age (panel A; average GM volume and standard deviation (bar plot) of one-year windows for all the years of the study (panel B).

<p>The sample numbers indicate the number of older participants in each one-year window.</p

3C-MRI sample characteristics at study entry according to sex.

<p>Values are presented as mean (standard deviation) (range).</p><p>MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.</p>†<p>Student's <i>t</i>-test.</p>‡<p>Pearson's chi-squared test.</p><p>3C-MRI sample characteristics at study entry according to sex.</p

Regression plot of the global annualized rate of GM atrophy vs. subject age, illustrating a steady rate after 65 years of age.

<p>Regression plot of the global annualized rate of GM atrophy vs. subject age, illustrating a steady rate after 65 years of age.</p

Voxel-wise annualized rate of GM atrophy (expressed in %/year) computed over the entire 3C-MRI sample (<i>n</i> = 1,172).

<p>Only voxels showing significant annual loss (<i>p</i><0.05 FWE corrected for multiple comparison) are superimposed onto the 3D rendering (<i>upper part</i>) and 2D slices of the mean GM map of the 3C-MRI sample. <b>L</b>: Left. <b>R</b>: Right.</p

Annualized rate of regional GM atrophy (expressed in %/year) estimated over the entire 3C-MRI sample (<i>n</i> = 1,172).

<p>Regions of interest were derived from the Automated Anatomical Labelling atlas (AAL) and represent the sum of the left and right hemispheres. Estimated mean and 95% confidence interval of annualized rate of regional GM atrophy are plotted. Annualized rate were normalized by baseline region of interest volumes.</p

Cortical areas in which women presented a higher GM volume than men at baseline (in blue) and at follow-up (in yellow).

<p>Areas where women had a higher rate of atrophy than men are presented in red. These regional sex-related differences are displayed at a significance threshold of <i>p</i><0.05 (FWE corrected) and superimposed onto the mean GM map of the 3C-MRI cohort (<i>n</i> = 1,172).</p

Annualized rate of regional GM atrophy (expressed in %/year) estimated over the entire 3C-MRI sample (<i>n</i> = 1,172).

<p>Regions of interest were derived from the Automated Anatomical Labelling atlas (AAL) and represent the sum of the left and right hemispheres. Estimated mean and 95% confidence interval of annualized rate of regional GM atrophy are plotted. Annualized rate were normalized by baseline region of interest volumes.</p

Behavioral data for the 5 tasks (mean ± SD).

<p>Behavioral data for the 5 tasks (mean ± SD).</p

One-sample t-tests assessing activations during TOM, PLAUTOM or PLAUEMO, and paired two-sample t-tests assessing the TOM – PLAUTOM differences in the 6 Medial network regions.

<p>Within each task, a Holm-Bonferroni procedure was applied to correct for multiple comparisons (6 null-hypotheses). Asterisks indicate raw or adjusted p-value below 0.05. The m-vmPFC region did not show any significant result, although a trend is present in the TOM – PLAUTOM comparison.</p