Modern Hanseatic Trends in the Baltic Region

A critical analysis of Hanseatic traditions may produce consequential methodological material for the study of the 21st century Baltic regionalisation. Current trends in the development of the Baltic region, whose academic analysis is impossible without considering earlier cases of successful interactions between the peoples of the Baltic Sea region, necessitate political, economic, and historical research on the strengths and weaknesses of the Hanseatic League. Unfortunately, in the 21st century, the Baltic region turned into a stage for geopolitical controversies. This took a toll on the efficiency of cooperation between the cities of Russia’s North-West and their Baltic counterparts. Therefore, it is important to seize the opportunities provided by the information society and focus on the innovative areas of regional cooperation. An interesting example is the partnership between Baltic universities, which is aimed to draw up an international agenda for sustainable regional development. Baltic cities are involved in various forms of cross-border cooperation, providing opportunities for interstate relations and contributes to laying down crossborder cooperation roadmaps and developing civil society networks. It can be concluded, that the history of the Hanseatic League and its current incarnation — the New Hanse — testify to the fact that productive economic, cultural, and other relations can be established between states but also between cities and universities, thus contributing to closer economic, political and cultural ties between the peoples of the Baltic region

Method for Determining Stress Sensitivity of Service Dogs

Recently, with the development of the dog expert service of the Interior Ministry the issue of the use and application of service dogs is always important, which creates urgency of the issue about selection of dogs for official use. One of the criteria for selection should be the resistance to stresses, and thus the stability of the nervous system. In this article the question of creating a method for evaluating the stress sensitivity, which is taken as a basis the principle of local adaptation syndrome. Also, one of the main objectives of the article is to compare the quality and degree of manifestation of adaptation syndrome with one of the signs of the body’s stress response – eosinopenia

Eurasian Economic Union: Russian Geopolitical Interests

The creation of the EEU can be seen as an important trend for the restoration of centripetal geopolitical characteristics of the Eurasian space. Thanks to the EEU it was reversed a dangerous trend that emerged in the 90s of the twentieth century, by “skimming off” the post-Soviet space by the interested foreign powers in the European Union, USA and China. It was a great danger that Russia would have lost its importance as the center of Eurasia, combining European and Asian Eurasian states. Just Russian geopolitical interests correspond to the idea of Eurasian integration, which creates the conditions for Russia’s positioning as a Central power in Eurasia. It is legitimate to consider the idea of a “Russia as civilization” as a global project, forming a new Russian identity, and thus new prospects of interaction within Eurasian economic Union and in world space. This centripetal tendency of the civilization should be the main ideological impetus for Eurasian policy strategy of the Russian leadership

Characteristics of Entering Former Soviet Republics into the System of International Relations Referencing Georgia as an Example

The article analyzes the features of the integration of small post-Soviet countries like Georgia, as an example, into the system of international relations with other world transformation processes happening at the same time. It also shows the special role of the United Nations in the formation of a statehood of these new states as subjects of world political interaction, as well as inconsistencies in the interpretation of the basic UN regulations. Attempt is made to understand the modern trends of Georgia’s foreign policy strategy. The authors concluded that small states should strive for a realistic understanding of their place in regional and global environment of world politics

Влияние взаимодействия в системе «Врач – Пациент» на состояние больных

The study focuses on the search for ways to solve the problem of improving the quality of medical care for heart disease patients; the effectiveness of patients’ treatment is determined by the science-oriented medicine achievements and the general psycho-emotional states arising in various situations of doctor-patient interaction. The aim of the study is to identify the types of doctors and their impacts on patients’ psycho-emotional states and attitudes toward the disease. The study was conducted in a number of clinical hospitals in Moscow (Russia). It involved 167 doctors and 1,248 patients with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmias, aged 43 to 82 years. The study was carried out using valid psychodiagnostic techniques. There were statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the response to the disease in heart disease patients, whose physicians established with them collaborative, caring, directive, authoritarian and alienated relationships.El estudio se centra en la búsqueda de formas de resolución el problema de mejorar la calidad de la asistencia médica a los pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares, cuya eficacia del tratamiento se determina por los logros de la medicina naturalmente orientada a la ciencia y la condición psique-emocional general que se produce en situaciones diversas de su interacción con el médico tratante. El observatorio del estudio es identificación de los tipos de médicos tratantes y sus efectos sobre la condición psique-emocional y la actitud hacia la enfermedad de los pacientes.  El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre la base de la serie de hospitales clínicos en Moscú (Rusia). En el estudio participaron 167 médicos y 1248 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, enfermedad isquémica coronaria y arritmias, de 43 a 82 años. El estudio se realizó con la ayuda de técnicas psiquediagnósticas validas. Se han obtenido las diferencias estadísticamente fidedignas en los indicadores de la respuesta a la enfermedad en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares, cuyos médicos tratantes establecen relaciones cooperativas, de tutela, directivas, autoritarias y suspendidas con ellos.Исследование ориентировано на поиск способов решения проблемы повышения качества оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, эффективность лечения которых определяется как достижениями естественно-научно ориентированной медицины, так и общим психоэмоциональным состоянием, возникающим в различных ситуациях его взаимодействия с лечащим врачом. Цель исследования – выявление типов лечащих врачей и их влияния на психоэмоциональное состояние и отношение к болезни пациентов.  Исследование проводилось на базе ряда клинических больниц г. Москвы (Россия). В исследовании приняли участие 167 врачей и 1248 пациентов с артериальной гипертонией, ишемической болезнью сердца и аритмиями, в возрасте от 43 до 82 лет. Исследование осуществлялось с помощью валидных психодиагностических методик. Были получены статистически достоверны различия в показателях особенностей реагирования на болезнь у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, лечащие врачи которых устанавливают с ними сотруднические, опекающие, директивные, авторитарные и отстраненные отношения

Optimisation of Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica) Galactoglucomannan Sulfation Process with Sulfamic Acid in DMSO

Изучено влияние температуры, продолжительности процесса сульфатирования галактоглюкоманнана древесины лиственницы и количества сульфатирующего комплекса на содержание серы (мас.%) в сульфатах галактоглюкоманнана при сульфатировании сульфаминовой кислотой в ДМСО в присутствии мочевины. Путем математической оптимизации по плану Бокса-Бенкена установлены условия сульфатирования, позволяющие достичь высокого содержания серы в сульфатах галактоглюкоманнана. Оптимальными условиями сульфатирования галактоглюкоманнана древесины лиственницы являются температура 89,5 °C, продолжительность 2,3 часа, количество сульфатирующего комплекса на 1 г галактоглюкоманнана 55,4 ммоль. Высокое качество аппроксимации доказано высоким значением R 2 adj = 92,9 %, а также значениями P<0,0019 (с допустимым диапазоном значений 0,05). Введение сульфатной группы в молекулу галактоглюкоманнана подтверждено методами ИК‑спектроскопии и элементного анализаThe influence of temperature, duration of the process of sulfation of larch wood galactoglucomannan, and the amount of the sulfating complex on the sulfur content (wt %) in galactoglucomannan sulfates during sulfation with sulfamic acid in DMSO in the presence of urea was studied. By mathematical optimization according to the Box-Behnken plan, sulfation conditions were established to achieve a high sulfur content in galactoglucomannan sulfates. The optimal conditions for sulfation of larch wood galactoglucomannan are temperature 89.5 °C, duration 2.3 hours, amount of sulfating complex per 1 g galactoglucomannan 55.4 mmol. The high quality of the approximation is proved by the high value of R 2adj = 92.9 %, as well as by the values P<0.0019 (with an allowable range of 0.05). The introduction of a sulfate group into the galactoglucomannan molecule was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysi

Highly Divergent Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Complexes in Tetrahymena thermophila

Tetrahymena ATP synthase, an evolutionarily divergent protein complex, has a very unusual structure and protein composition including a unique Fo subunit a and at least 13 proteins with no orthologs outside of the ciliate lineage

Efficiency of Funding Healthcare for Ensuring the Economic Security of a Region

The social sphere plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the developed countries. The achievement of a high level of education, healthcare, science and culture promotes the economic growth and welfare of the population. Recently, however, the Russian researchers do not pay sufficient attention to the new models of the social services. In this regard, the research of the efficiency of healthcare as a major branch of the social sphere is relevant. Under the conditions of deteriorating socio-demographic situation in Russia, an important component ensuring economic security at the level of the country and regions is the preservation of human potential. This challenge is possible to address, on the one hand, due to an increase in spending on healthcare. On the other hand, it is possible due to progressive transformations of the medical care. Such transformations will increase in return of financial investments and the effectiveness of healthcare services. The purpose of the study is to create an assessment model of healthcare performance as well as of the efficiency of financial investments in the healthcare services using the methods of statistical, system and multivariate analysis as well as economic and mathematical modelling. We define the multicriteria character of the efficiency in healthcare connected with multiple cost-benefit ratios while achieving medical, social, economic effects. We propose a multi-factor dynamic model, integrated indicator of performance, and integral indicator of cost-effectiveness. To test the model, we chose one of the priority directions of the healthcare development — fight against tuberculosis, as it is a threat for socio-demographic and economic security of a region. We have assessed the efficiency of funding and performance indicators on the example of tuberculosis service of the Sverdlovsk region. We have received a positive dynamics of medico-demographic indicators as well as a high economic effect. We have proved the possibility to increase the socio-demographic and economic security of a region achieving medical, social and economic efficiency in the healthcare. This contributes to the preservation of human and labour potential, as well as economic growth. The results of the research can be applied in the healthcare system to adequately assess the performance of medical organizations taking into account the specificity of diseases and the efficiency of financial investments as well as the contribution to the socio-demographic and economic security of а region

Synthesis and characterization of starch sulfates obtained by the sulfamic acid-urea complex

The process of sulfation of starch with sulfamic acid in the presence of urea was studied. The sulfur content of starch sulfate increases with increasing sulfation temperature from 70 to 100 °C. To obtain starch sulfates with a high sulfur content (about 10 wt%), It is advisable to carry out the sulfation process at a temperature of 100 °C for 120 min. Mathematical modeling of the process of sulfation of starch with sulfamic acid in the presence of urea was carried out. The introduction of a sulfate group in the structure of starch is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. In the FTIR spectra of sulfated starch, in contrast to the original starch, there are absorption bands at 1255 cm−1, 808-817 cm−1 and 859-867 cm−1, corresponding to sulfate groups. Sulfation of starch with a complex of sulfamic acid - urea can improve the environmental safety and efficiency of the process in comparison with the known methods of sulfation. Initial starch and sulfated starch were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography. The initial starch was shown to have a main peak with Mn 139 kDa and Mw 382 kDa, and sulfated starch has a peak in the chromatogram relating to Mn 44 kDa and Mw 60 kDa. Besides, the quantum chemical calculations of the starch and sulfated starches (in dimer forms) formed when different number of hydroxyl groups in starch were replaced with sulfate groups were performed using the DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31+G (d, p) basis set in the ground state. Firstly, these molecules were optimized. Then, from the optimized geometry of the starch and sulfated starches, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces, bond parameters, chemical reactivity descriptors such as chemical potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, ionization energy, electrophilicity index and chemical hardness have been calculated theoretically. In addition, spectroscopic analyzes of starch and sulfated starches such as FTIR and 1H NMR were theoretically performed using the same method and compared with each other