Legal dualism of local government in Russia

The article justifies the statement about the legal dualism of local government in modern Russia

Citizens meetings in democratic system

Citizens meeting is one of the forms of practically applied local self-administration realization by the population. However, it is necessary to carry out further work, concerning perfection of the given institution regulation

Generalized Darcy’s Law in Filtration Theory

We study the hydrodynamics of flow in a porous medium modeling the grain filling in filters. Using the lattice approximation, we derive the structure of the current in porous media and obtain the transverse diffusion coefficient D which proves to be proportional to the diameter d of the grains as constituents of the medium. We consider the axially-symmetric stationary flow in a cylindrical filter and show that the vertical velocity takes its maximal value at the wall, this effect being known as the “near-wall” one. We analyze the solution to the Euler equation with the modified Darcy force, which depends not only on the velocity but also on the gradient of the pressure included in the Darcy coefficient. Finally, within the scope of the perturbation method, we derive the main filtration equation and discuss the influence of modifying the Darcy’s law on the efficiency of the filtration process

Generalized Darcy’s Law in Filtration Theory

We study the hydrodynamics of flow in a porous medium modeling the grain filling in filters. Using the lattice approximation, we derive the structure of the current in porous media and obtain the transverse diffusion coefficient D which proves to be proportional to the diameter d of the grains as constituents of the medium. We consider the axially-symmetric stationary flow in a cylindrical filter and show that the vertical velocity takes its maximal value at the wall, this effect being known as the “near-wall” one. We analyze the solution to the Euler equation with the modified Darcy force, which depends not only on the velocity but also on the gradient of the pressure included in the Darcy coefficient. Finally, within the scope of the perturbation method, we derive the main filtration equation and discuss the influence of modifying the Darcy’s law on the efficiency of the filtration process

Generalized Darcy’s Law in Filtration Theory

We study the hydrodynamics of flow in a porous medium modeling the grain filling in filters. Using the lattice approximation, we derive the structure of the current in porous media and obtain the transverse diffusion coefficient D which proves to be proportional to the diameter d of the grains as constituents of the medium. We consider the axially-symmetric stationary flow in a cylindrical filter and show that the vertical velocity takes its maximal value at the wall, this effect being known as the “near-wall” one. We analyze the solution to the Euler equation with the modified Darcy force, which depends not only on the velocity but also on the gradient of the pressure included in the Darcy coefficient. Finally, within the scope of the perturbation method, we derive the main filtration equation and discuss the influence of modifying the Darcy’s law on the efficiency of the filtration process

Rare and endangered plants of specially protected areas of West Siberian boreal coniferous forests (inside Tomsk oblast)

The article deals with various types of specially protected territories participating in preservation of biological diversity of boreal coniferous forests of the West Siberian Plain. Data are presented on species diversity of certain territories of Tomsk oblast established in various landscape and geographical conditions and under various conditions including areas within the Great Vasyugan Mire and the outskirts of Tomsk. The article reviews species of dominant plant families of rivers and lakes of the Polto system in the basin of the Tym river; and the condition of certain species of Orchidaceae, Empetraceae, Cupressaceae, Tiliaceae and Lamiaceae in other parts of the Tomsk region. There is also some analysis of species along with description of sites where 6 plant species were discovered (Orchis militaris, Orchis fuchsii, Juniperus communis, Empetrum nigrum, Tilia cordata, Stachys silvatica) that are protected in the area of study

Rare and endangered plants of specially protected areas of West Siberian boreal coniferous forests (inside Tomsk oblast)

The article deals with various types of specially protected territories participating in preservation of biological diversity of boreal coniferous forests of the West Siberian Plain. Data are presented on species diversity of certain territories of Tomsk oblast established in various landscape and geographical conditions and under various conditions including areas within the Great Vasyugan Mire and the outskirts of Tomsk. The article reviews species of dominant plant families of rivers and lakes of the Polto system in the basin of the Tym river; and the condition of certain species of Orchidaceae, Empetraceae, Cupressaceae, Tiliaceae and Lamiaceae in other parts of the Tomsk region. There is also some analysis of species along with description of sites where 6 plant species were discovered (Orchis militaris, Orchis fuchsii, Juniperus communis, Empetrum nigrum, Tilia cordata, Stachys silvatica) that are protected in the area of study

Association of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia with heat shock protein 70 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study

Introduction — Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes cellular stress and consequent change in inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship among nocturnal hypoxia and the serum HSP70 level in patients with severe OSA. Material and Methods — The study involved 34 patients with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA (24 men and 10 women). Patients without OSA (10 men and 5 women) were included as a control group. The groups were similar in age. The polysomnographic monitoring was carried by standart methodology. Blood sampling for determining the HSP70 level was carried out between 8:00 and 9:00 am after polysomnographic monitoring. Results — The results of this study demonstrated a high apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), which determined the OSA severity and decreased the blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) (p<0.05). Sleep fragmentation in OSA patients confirmed an increase in respiratory arousal index (ArI). The HSP70 level significantly increased in OSA patients compared with the control group. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between HSP70 and AHI (R=0.5) in patients with OSAS, as well as a negative relationship between HSP70 and SaO2 (R=-0.3). Conclusion — Our results demonstrated a high level of HSP70 in patients with severe OSA syndrome vs. those without it. In OSA patients, a direct correlation was found between the HSP70 level and AHI, as well as an inverse correlation between the AHI level and SaO2. These findings suggested an association between the level of inducible HSP70 and nocturnal hypoxia in OSA patients

Plant Alkylbenzenes and Terpenoids in the Form of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes as Antibacterial Agents and Levofloxacin Synergists

Allylpolyalkoxybenzenes (APABs) and terpenoids from plant essential oils exhibit a range of remarkable biological effects, including analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and others. Synergistic activity with antibiotics of different classes has been reported, with inhibition of P-glycoprotein and impairment of bacterial cell membrane claimed as probable mechanisms. Clearly, a more detailed understanding of APABs&rsquo; biological activity could help in the development of improved therapeutic options for a range of diseases. However, APABs&rsquo; poor solubility in water solutions has been a limiting factor for such research. Here, we found that complex formation with &beta;-cyclodextrins (CD) is an efficient way to transform the APABs into a water-soluble form. Using a combination of spectroscopic (FTIR, NMR, UV) methods, we have estimated the binding constants, loading capacity, and the functional groups of both APABs and monoterpenes involved in complex formation with CD: ethylene, aromatic, methoxy and hydroxy groups. In the presence of a molar excess of CD (up to 5 fold) it was possible to achieve the complete dissolution of APABs and terpenoids in an aqueous medium (at 90&ndash;98% encapsulation) higher by 10&ndash;1000 times. Further, we have demonstrated that CD-APABs, if used in combination with levofloxacin (Lev), can be antagonistic, indifferent, additive, or synergistic, mostly depending on the concentration ratio: at high Lev concentration with the addition of APAB is typically neutral or even antagonistic; while at a Lev concentration below MIC, the addition of CD-APAB is either additive or synergistic (according to FICI criteria). An over three-fold increase in Lev antibacterial activity was observed in combination with eugenol (EG), as per the growth inhibition diameter measurement in agar. Interestingly, a synergistic effect could be observed with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. So, obviously, the APAB-CD and terpenoid-CD mechanism of action is not limited to their interaction with the bacterial membrane, which has been shown earlier for CDs. Further research may open new prospects for the development of adjuvants to improve the therapeutic regimens with existing, as well as with new anti-infective drugs