The Influence of Budgeting Based on Performance on the Effectiveness of Financial Control and the Effectiveness of Performance Control at Tomohon City Government

Budgeting based on performance is the answer to use as a tool for measuring and accounting for government performance. It is a method of budgeting for management to link any funding outlined in activities with expected outputs and outcomes, including efficiency in achieving results from those outputs. The purpose of this study is to know the budgeting based on performance on the effectiveness of financial control and effectiveness of performance control. The object of this research was conducted at local government work unit (SKPD) of Tomohon local government using simple regression analysis to know influence of budgeting based on performance to effectiveness of financial control and effectiveness of performance control from 14 service in Tomohon city. The results of this study support a causal relationship between budgeting based on performance with the effectiveness of financial control and effectiveness of performance control. It can be used as a tool to achieve effectiveness in financial control

The Use of Plasmapheresis in Treatment of Patients with Infertility, Peritoneal Endometriosis and Nat2 Gene Polymorphism

It is known that 30–40 % of patients with peritoneal endometriosis suffer from infertility. Half of the patients with endometriosis are identified point mutation in NAT2 – gene, which plays an important role in the acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines, in the accumulation of endotoxins, activation of free radical oxidation, impaired microcirculation. These factors involve the use of methods of gemapheresis which have detoxification, the blood rheology corrective and immune corrective effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in treatment of patients with peritoneal form of endometriosis, infertility and point mutations in the gene NAT2. The study included 140 patients with infertility, peritoneal form of endometriosis and point mutations in the gene NAT2. All patients are performed laparoscopy, coagulation foci of endometriosis. In the following 93 (66.4 %) patients were treated with a the course of therapeutic plasmapheresis using the apparatus «PCS-2» with the removal of 20–25 % the volume of circulating plasma with replacement plasma of crystalloid and colloid solutions. Before treatment were shown the signs of endotoxemia, activation of oxidative stress. After treatment with the use of plasmapheresis was revealed the significant reduction of endogenous intoxication parameters and oxidative stress. Also is noted the increase in the pregnancy rate, both independently and in IVF programs, especially during the first 3 months after treatment. The findings suggest that the efficiency of the proposed comprehensive treatment techniques (laparoscopy and subsequent course of therapeutic plasmapheresis) of patients with peritoneal endometriosis and infertility and with point mutations in the gene NAT2. The use of plasmapheresis is pathogenetically justified in patients of the studied group

Modulation of Superconducting Properties by Ferroelectric Polarization in Confined FE-S-FE Films

We show that the electric polarization at the interface with ultrathin superconducting (S) films sandwiched between ferroelectric (FE) layers allows achievement of substantially stronger modulation of inner carrier density and superconducting transition temperature as compared to FE-S bilayers typically used in superconducting FETs. We find that not only the larger penetration depths but also the pairing symmetry should be responsible for the fact that the electric field effect in high temperature superconductors is much stronger than in conventional systems. Discussing the advantages of multilayers, we propose a novel design concept for superconducting electric field-effect transistors based on ferroelectric films.Comment: 5 pages RevTex4, 6 figure

Development Of Information Visualization Methods For Use In Multimedia Applications

The aim of the article is development of a technique for visualizing information for use in multimedia applications. In this study, to visualize information, it is proposed first to compile a list of key terms of the subject area and create data tables. Based on the structuring of fragments of the subject area, a visual display of key terms in the form of pictograms, a visual display of key terms in the form of images, and a visual display of data tables are performed. The types of visual structures that should be used to visualize information for further use in multimedia applications are considered. The analysis of existing visual structures in desktop publishing systems and word processors is performed.To build a mechanism for visualizing information about the task as a presentation, a multimedia application is developed using Microsoft Visual Studio software, the C# programming language by using the Windows Forms application programming interface. An algorithm is proposed for separating pieces of information text that have key terms. Tabular data was visualized using the “parametric ruler” metaphorical visualization method, based on the metaphor of a slide rule.The use of the parametric ruler method on the example of data visualization for the font design of children's publications is proposed. Interaction of using the method is ensured due to the fact that the user will enter the size of the size that interests for it and will see the ratio of the values of other parameters. The practical result of the work is the creation of a multimedia application “Visualization of Publishing Standards” for the visualization of information for the font design of publications for children. The result of the software implementation is the finished multimedia applications, which, according to the standardization visualization technique in terms of prepress preparation of publications, is the final product of the third stage of the presentation of the visual for

Medical Genetic Counseling Of Women With Congenital Heart Diseases Of Fetus

Aim of the work. Determine the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects in the fetus and the informativeness of different markers used in the medical-genetic counseling of pregnant women..Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of medical genetic counseling of pregnant women with fetal heart diseases was carried out. The effectiveness of using different methods of prenatal diagnosis in 67 pregnant women is estimated. The data of somatic, genealogical and reproductive anamnesis, biochemical markers of chromosomal pathology of the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy, and the spectrum of the detected fetal heart disease were studied.Results of the research. It was found that 46 (68.7 %) women had somatic diseases: pathology of the cardiovascular system (11.9 %); endocrine system - at 8 (11,9 %); respiratory disease – 3 (4.5 %) and urinary system – 2 (3.0 %). 13 (19.4 %) out of 67 women had acute respiratory viral infections in the first trimester of pregnancy. In 4 (6 %) cases - bad habits. The first time pregnant were 31 (46.3 %) women, 21 (31.3 %) – the second time, 10 (14.9 %) in the third, and 5 (7.5 %) in the fourth or more times. In history, 58 (86.6 %) women did not have reproductive function disorders, 8 (11.9 %) had unauthorized miscarriages and frozen pregnancy. The burden of gynecological anamnesis was observed in 12 (17.9 %) women, and hereditary - in 6 (9.0 %) women. In the structure of congenital defects of the heart, false anatomical anomalies were found more often: hypoplasia of the left heart organs – 14 (20.9 %), tetralogy of Fallot - 9 (13.3 %). Biochemical markers of chromosomal pathology in the first trimester in 11 (16.4 %) women recorded indicators that are characteristic of the risk of chromosomal pathology, and in the second trimester – in 9 (13.4 %). Two pregnant women used a NIPT (non-invasive prenatal test) test that did not detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. In 8 cases, invasive prenatal diagnosis of the fetus was recommended, which was carried out by three women, and five refused.Conclusions. The peculiarities of somatic (in 46–68.7 % of women), reproductive (in 8-11.9 % of women) gynecological anamnesis (in 12–17.9 % of women), which can be the risk factors of congenital fetal heart disease, are revealed. In the structure of congenital defects of the heart of the fetus more often revealed hypoplasia of the left heart organs – 14 (20.9 %), tetralogy of Fallot – 9 (13.3 %). In 11 (16.4 %) women recorded indicators of biochemical markers, characteristic for the risk of chromosomal pathology, in the first trimester, and – in 9 (13.4 %) pregnant women – in the second trimester. Comparative data on prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects in the fetus of chromosomal, monogenic and multifactorial etiology are given. On the basis of the obtained results an algorithm of medical-genetic counseling of this contingent of patients was offered

Women Artists to Victims of War - the First Exhibition of the Moscow Union of Women Painters and its Reception by the Contemporary Press.

A few surviving visual and documentary sources related to the exhibition Women Artists to Victims of the War organised by the Moscow Union of Women Painters in winter 1914 represent a useful primary material for piecing together fragments of the history of this short-lived female art group. The Union exemplified impressive gender changes in educational and professional spheres of Russian art. Yet, it failed to attract strong membership and disintegrated within few years after its institution. By analysing available evidence this essay seeks to uncover and assess the causes of the Union’s defeat in establishing a prominent public profile

BONE LOSS IN RELATION TO HYPOTHALAMIC ATROPHY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Epidemiologic projections indicate that the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase dramatically in the coming decades due largely to the demographics of the disease and our aging population. Associated cognitive and physical decline greatly contributes to disability in older adults and places considerable burden on the health system, patients, and caregivers. Bone loss and increased risk of fractures are associated with AD, however little is known about mechanisms of this association. The body of presented work extends the literature on a relationship between bone loss and AD. Overall, the presented work provides initial evidence that accelerated bone loss observed in individuals in the early stages of AD may be partially due to distortion of central regulatory mechanisms by neurodegeneration. This is the first work to demonstrate that hypothalamic atrophy is related to bone loss and this relationship may be mediated by leptin-dependent mechanisms in humans in the early stages of AD. The work in Chapter 2 assessed bone health in the earliest clinical stages of AD in comparison to non-demented aging and examined the relationship of bone mineral density (BMD) with cognitive performance and brain atrophy, both of which are used as surrogate markers of neurodegeneration. We tested the hypothesis that bone density would be lower in early AD and associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline. The results of this cross-sectional study supported our hypothesis and found that BMD is reduced in men and women in the earliest clinical stages of AD and associated with brain atrophy and memory decline, suggesting that central mechanisms may contribute to bone loss in early Alzheimer's disease. AD is associated with pathological changes in the hypothalamus, a key regulatory structure of bone remodeling. The aim of Chapter 3 was to extend previous findings of the association between BMD and neuroimaging markers of neurodegeneration by looking at global and regional, hypothalamus specifically, measures of brain volume in early AD and non-demented aging. The results demonstrated that in early AD, low BMD was associated with low volume of gray matter in brain structures predominantly affected by AD early in the disease, including the hypothalamus, cingulate, and parahippocampal gyri and in the left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal cortex. No relationship between BMD and regional gray matter volume was found in non-demented controls. These results suggest that central mechanisms of bone remodeling may be disrupted by neurodegeneration. There is very limited guidance in the literature regarding useful and reliable techniques for studying hypothalamic anatomy using neuroimaging. In Chapter 4, we compared an automated neuroimaging technique - voxel-based morphometry (VBM) - to a "gold standard" manual method assessing volumetry of the hypothalamus. The atlas-based VBM volumetry showed promise as a useful tool for regional volumetry of the hypothalamus and has advantages over manual tracing as it is currently used. The results of this study provided guidance for method selection in future work. In Chapter 5, we further examined the hypothesis that AD may influence bone density in cortical skeletal sites directly through atrophy of the hypothalamus, the major central regulatory structure of bone remodeling. We previously reported in cross-section that BMD was lower in those with early AD and suggested that brain atrophy, specifically of the hypothalamus, was associated with lower BMD in AD. We now examined if similar results were apparent in a two year longitudinal study to extend our previous finding of an association between hypothalamic atrophy and bone density. We also explore predictors of bone loss in AD and healthy aging. Our results demonstrate that bone loss may be accelerated in AD compared with non-demented controls. For AD participants, bone loss was associated with hypothalamic atrophy over two years. Additionally, bone loss was associated with baseline levels of the vitamin D. For non-demented participants, bone loss was associated with age, female gender and decline in physical activity. Different predictors of bone loss may suggest that mechanisms of bone loss may differ in aging and AD and that neurodegeneration may contribute to bone loss in early AD. These results extend and strengthen the cross-sectional observations in Chapters 2&3. The purpose of the work presented in Chapter 6 was to further extend previous observations by assessing the roles of leptin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) , two important regulators of hypothalamic control of bone remodeling, in mediating relationship between hypothalamic structural changes and bone loss in AD. We used a hypothetical model with statistical structural equation or path modeling to examine if leptin, GH, and IGF-I may mediate the relationship between hypothalamic structural changes. The model demonstrated that hypothalamic atrophy had a direct relationship with bone loss. There was no apparent association between baseline IGF-1 and leptin with bone loss but we observed changes in both leptin and IGF-1 over two years that were associated with hypothalamic atrophy. Leptin increased over two years in AD and increase in leptin was associated with hypothalamic atrophy. On the other hand, IGF-1 declined over two year and this decrease was associated with increase in leptin. These results suggest that it is conceivable that central regulatory mechanisms of bone mass may be disturbed by neurodegeneration leading to bone loss in participants in the early stages of AD. In summary, this body of work demonstrates that bone density is reduced in women and men with early stages of AD and continues to decline over time, exceeding bone loss in non-demented older adults. While the causes of bone loss in AD remain unclear, the observed association of hypothalamic atrophy with bone loss suggests neurodegeneration may play a role in bone loss observed in AD and highlights a need for further studies. This work also corroborates other studies on the importance of vitamin D and physical activity for bone health. The findings of this body of work are important because evidence that bone loss in AD is associated with the atrophy in regions involved in the central regulation of bone mass may be relevant to therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat bone loss in AD and neurodegenerative diseases

Proses Knowledge Management di Semen Indonesia Group

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prosesknowledge management yang ada di Perusahaan Semen IndonesiaGroup, yakni PT Semen Gresik, PT Semen Padang, PT SemenTonasa. Proses knowledge management dapat dilakukan denganpenciptaan pengetahuan, berbagi pengetahuan dan penggunaankembali pengetahuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodekualitatif dengan wawancara. Validasi data menggunakan codingdan uji triangulasi sumber data dan teori