Interação entre as autoridades e o setor sem fins lucrativos na Federação Russa: restrições de recursos e desenvolvimento

The aim of the work is to study the conditions of Russian NPO functioning, the key problems and the trends of their development, and to develop the mechanisms that provide constructive practices for cooperation between the state and the non-profit sector. The results of statistical studies illustrate a high level of territorial differentiation among the representatives of the non-commercial sector, which creates inequality in terms of access to social services, the opportunities to meet the social needs of the population, the development of civil society, the involvement of social groups for the development and the implementation of managerial decisions in the social sphere. A low level of financial and infrastructural security of NPO activities, the lack of voluntary support lead to the reduction of trends and the volume of social assistance for the population. Currently, the interaction of local government and non-profit public organizations is characterized by rather narrow models of cooperation. The leading mechanism that can provide the necessary modernization of non-profit organization activities, the increase of their role and representation in public problem solution, is an intersectoral social partnership that can provide constructive coordination of key agent positions in the social space, an effective interaction of government bodies, population and public organizations.El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar las condiciones de funcionamiento de las OSFL rusas, los problemas clave y las tendencias de su desarrollo, y desarrollar los mecanismos que proporcionan prácticas constructivas para la cooperación entre el estado y el sector sin fines de lucro. Los resultados de los estudios estadísticos ilustran un alto nivel de diferenciación territorial entre los representantes del sector no comercial, que crea desigualdad en términos de acceso a los servicios sociales, las oportunidades para satisfacer las necesidades sociales de la población, el desarrollo de la sociedad civil, la participación de grupos sociales para el desarrollo y la implementación de decisiones gerenciales en el ámbito social. Un bajo nivel de seguridad financiera y de infraestructura de las actividades de OSFL, la falta de apoyo voluntario conducen a la reducción de las tendencias y al volumen de asistencia social para la población. Actualmente, la interacción del gobierno local y las organizaciones públicas sin fines de lucro se caracteriza por modelos de cooperación bastante estrechos. El mecanismo principal que puede proporcionar la modernización necesaria de las actividades de organizaciones sin fines de lucro, el aumento de su función y representación en la solución de problemas públicos, es una asociación social intersectorial que puede proporcionar una coordinación constructiva de puestos de agentes clave en el espacio social, una interacción efectiva de organismos gubernamentales, población y organizaciones públicas.O objetivo do trabalho é estudar as condições operacionais das organizações sem fins lucrativos russas, os principais problemas e tendências de seu desenvolvimento e desenvolver mecanismos que forneçam práticas construtivas de cooperação entre o Estado e o setor sem fins lucrativos. Os resultados dos estudos estatísticos ilustram um alto nível de diferenciação territorial entre os representantes do setor não comercial, o que gera desigualdade em termos de acesso a serviços sociais, oportunidades de atender às necessidades sociais da população, desenvolvimento da sociedade civil , a participação de grupos sociais para o desenvolvimento e implementação de decisões gerenciais no campo social. Um baixo nível de segurança financeira e infraestrutura das atividades da NPO, a falta de apoio voluntário leva à redução de tendências e ao volume de assistência social para a população. Atualmente, a interação do governo local e organizações públicas sem fins lucrativos é caracterizada por modelos de cooperação bastante estreitos. O principal mecanismo que pode proporcionar a necessária modernização das atividades das organizações sem fins lucrativos, o aumento de sua função e representação na solução de problemas públicos, é uma associação social intersetorial que pode proporcionar uma coordenação construtiva de posições de agentes o espaço social, uma interação efetiva de agências governamentais, população e organizações públicas

Supply Chain Infrastructure Development in Russian Economy

Abstract- The article is devoted to the study of the activities of Zemstvo institutions for the development of supply chain infrastructure in the XIX-early XX centuries; identification of the role of the Zemstvo reform in the formation of supply chain infrastructure at the local level. Supply Chain infrastructure provides the means for chain economic entities and firms sharing a common interest to participate in a mutual exchange. Despite the fact that the provision of supply chain services was not among the priorities of the Zemstvos, significant results were achieved. The retrospective analysis allowed us to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the Zemstvo self-government system. The comparative method helped to identify trends in the financial and economic support of Zemstvo bodies at various stages of the Zemstvo reform, and to analyze key indicators of supply chain infrastructure development. It is concluded that the success of the Zemstvo self-government bodies in the development of supply chain infrastructure was due to the availability of significant organizational resources, ensuring sustainable interaction of Zemstvos with the population, active support for local initiatives and the formation of a system of public control. The authors note that the experience of implementing the principle of consolidation of the main directions of management activities for the development of supply chain infrastructure, formed by local authorities, can be in demand in modern conditions and adapted to the current system of local government in Russia for economy efficiency

Active and passive sensors for diagnostics quasi-zenith ionospheric HF communication channels

Background. There is a growing need for active sensory diagnostics of partial HF channels to provide frequency support to quasi-zenith HF radio links in varying signal propagation conditions. Enhancing the efficiency of active sensor algorithms, particularly by reducing emission time, is topical. To address this, a transition from sequential to parallel (simultaneous) diagnostics is proposed. Another significant challenge in HF communication is narrowband interference, and overcoming this issue involves the method of passive sensory diagnostics. This method assesses the availability of partial channels by analyzing the spectral density of interference power within them. Aim. The goal of this study is to develop algorithms and software tools that implement spectral monitoring and parallel sensing of partial channels for sensory diagnostics of ionospheric channels in quasi-zenith HF communication. Methods. The proposed approach involves integrating dynamic diagnostic methods into the development of intelligent sensors for ionospheric HF radio links, along with the creation of data analysis methods. Specialized computer software is employed to address the defined tasks. Experimental studies are conducted using the developed devices, which include intelligent active and passive radio sensors for HF radio links, to assess the load on HF communication channels. Results. A sensor for orthogonal quasi-zenith ionospheric radio channels has been created, incorporating algorithms for synthesizing a group pulse with orthogonal subcarriers while minimizing the peak factor. Additionally, algorithms for separating subcarriers and calculating the correlation function at the reception have been developed. The sensor employs the OFDM-BPSK signal modulation method, enabling operation in simultaneous-sequential sounding mode across the potential frequency range for communication. This led to an 8-fold reduction in the total signal emission time. Conclusion. The scientific results obtained have broad practical applications, particularly in enhancing the efficiency of wideband HF communication systems using spread spectrum signals

Comparative analysis of molecular RFLP and SNP markers in assessing and understanding the genetic diversity of various chicken breeds

Monitoring the genetic diversity of small populations is important with respect to conserving rare and valuable chicken breeds, as well as discovery and innovation in germplasm research and application. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), the molecular markers that underlie multilocus DNA fingerprinting (MLDF), have historically been employed for this purpose, but over the past two decades, there has been an irreversible shift toward high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of archived MLDF results and new data from whole-genome SNP genotyping (SNPg) among 18 divergently selected breeds representing a large sample of the world gene pool. As a result, we obtained data that fit the general concept of the phylogenetic distribution of the studied breeds and compared them with RFLP and SNP markers. RFLPs were found to be useful markers for retrospective assessment of changes in the genetic architecture and variability underlying the phenotypic variation in chicken populations, especially when samples from previous generations used for MLDF are unavailable for SNPg. These results can facilitate further research necessary to assess the possibility of extrapolating previous MLDF results to study the long-term dynamics of genetic diversity in various small chicken germplasm populations over time. In general, the whole-genome characterization of populations and breeds by multiple SNP loci will further form the basis for the development and implementation of genomic selection with the aim of effective use of the genetic potential of the domestic gene pool in the poultry industry

Research laboratory at pedagogical college

The article reflects the experience of the research laboratory “The integrated training of children in modern education system” in development of research activities of future teachers, young researches (undergraduates and post-graduates), skilled teachers and academic staff

Research of dispersion distortion of signals in the ionospheric plasma and optical fiber

Technique of research the dispersion distortion of wideband chirp signal elements was proposed and theoretically justified. It is shown that in a first approximation, the difference frequency element signal assumes a linear frequency modulation. A formula that relates the rate of change of frequency characteristics of the signal and the dispersion properties of the medium was derived

Optical frequency modulated pulse power losses, caused by optical fiber material dispersion

The equations were obtained to estimate the pulse power losses of broadband light pulses caused by material dispersion in an optical fiber. It was found that the dispersion caused by the extension of a signal bandwidth leads to decreasing a signal base as well as the noise immunity of a system, which uses broadband pulses

Fiber material dispersion effect on a matched compression of an optical pulse with frequency modulation

The paper discusses the questions of creating a mathematical model for studying the extension of a broadband pulse caused by material dispersion of an optical fiber while matched compression is also taken into account. It was shown the dependence of the dispersion widening of optical broadband signal on the optical fiber material dispersion coefficient. It was established that we can neglect dispersion impact in the case when the pulse frequency band is less than the coherence band of an optical fiber

Public service corporate culture development: main problems and trends

In this article, they analyze the main stages of public service corporate culture development in Russian Federation: the determination of the mission and basic values; the development of traditions and corporate identity; the determination of employee behavior standards; the improvement of the favorable socialpsychological climate. The main problem of public service corporate culture development in modern Russian conditions is the contradiction between its declared content and the internal values of its employees. The analysis of public service corporate culture state in Russia showed a regular tendency: the higher the level of management, the stronger the corporate culture.En este artículo, se analizan las principales etapas del desarrollo de la cultura corporativa del servicio público en la Federación de Rusia: la determinación de la misión y los valores básicos; el desarrollo de tradiciones e identidad corporativa; la determinación de los estándares de comportamiento de los empleados; La mejora del clima social y psicológico favorable. El principal problema del desarrollo de la cultura corporativa del servicio público en las condiciones modernas de Rusia es la contradicción entre su contenido declarado y los valores internos de sus empleados. El análisis del estado de la cultura corporativa del servicio público en Rusia mostró una tendencia regular: cuanto mayor es el nivel de gestión, más fuerte es la cultura corporativa

Large-scale genome-wide SNP analysis reveals the rugged (and ragged) landscape of global ancestry, phylogeny, and demographic history in chicken breeds

The worldwide chicken gene pool encompasses a remarkable, but shrinking, number of divergently selected breeds of diverse origin. This study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscape of the complex molecular architecture, genetic variability, and detailed structure among 49 populations. These populations represent a significant sample of the world's chicken breeds from Europe (Russia, Czech Republic, France, Spain, UK, etc.), Asia (China), North America (USA), and Oceania (Australia). Based on the results of breed genotyping using the Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, a bioinformatic analysis was carried out. This included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics, inbreeding coefficients, and effective population size. It also included assessment of linkage disequilibrium and construction of phylogenetic trees. Using multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and ADMIXTURE-assisted global ancestry analysis, we explored the genetic structure of populations and subpopulations in each breed. An overall 49-population phylogeny analysis was also performed, and a refined evolutionary model of chicken breed formation was proposed, which included egg, meat, dual-purpose types, and ambiguous breeds. Such a large-scale survey of genetic resources in poultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewpoint of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chicken and for the further development of genomic technologies and approaches in poultry breeding. In general, whole genome SNP genotyping of promising chicken breeds from the worldwide gene pool will promote the further development of modern genomic science as applied to poultry