The main directions of the scientific reform in Republic of Moldova

The article reflects the issues about reforming the Moldavian Science. The author reveals some priorities of the Strategy of Science Evolution Moldova - 2020, which is aimed at the efficient use of intellectual potential by stimulating innovation, human capital consolidation and attraction of young researchers to develop research capacity in high schools and universities.peer-reviewe

Risk factors, predictive markers and prevention strategies for intrauterine fetal death. An integrative review

According to World Health Organization (WHO), fetal death is defined as the death of the fetus prior to its complete expulsion, independent of the duration of pregnancy, thus only ascribing the term stillbirth to fetal deaths in the case of pregnancies after 28 weeks of gestation. The great progress of perinatology care is reflected in a significant reduction in the rate of stillbirths, especially in well-developed countries, with approximately 98% of stillbirth cases now occurring in poor and developing countries. Stillbirth powerfully impacts both the patient and the practitioner. Because nearly half of stillbirth cases result from apparently uncomplicated pregnancies, we considered it critical to review the known predictive markers for intrauterine fetal death. In both preterm and term infants, perinatal mortality is increased in fetuses small for their gestational age, and this risk grows proportionally with the severity of the fetal growth restriction. A protracted first stage of labor has not been associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity, but a prolonged second stage of labor has been associated with mortality and neonatal morbidity characterized by sepsis, seizures, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Ultrasound examination of the placenta and the umbilical cord is essential for appropriate pregnancy monitoring. Various findings from ultrasound examination have been related to variable adverse perinatal outcomes, including intrauterine fetal death. After reviewing the evidence for predictors of intrauterine fetal death, we offer a general strategy for reducing the likelihood of stillbirths

A comparative study of vesicoureteral reflux in infants and children under 5 years of age between r. of Moldova And Romania

University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Romania; V.Ignatenco IMSP SCMC, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, Universitary Emergency Hospital, Bucuresti, Romania, The 6th International Medical Congress for Students and Young Doctors, May 12-14, 2016Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux is the most common urologic anomaly and is normally diagnosed after a urinary tract infection. VUR can be primary, due to congenital anomalous development of the ureterovesical junction or secondary due to a urinary tract malfunction, often caused by an infection. Secondary VUR is more frequently diagnosed in girls, while primary vesicoureteral reflux is more common in boys and it is often more severe than the pattern seen in females. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective comparative analytic-observational study on 72 infants and children under 5 years of age, analysing the incidence of VUR in a hospital from R.of Moldova and one from Romania over a period of 3 years (2013-2015). 35 patients were diagnosed with VUR at Pediatric Clinic II Targu Mures, Romania and 37 patients at Uronefrology department at IMSP SCMC “V.Ignatenco” of Chisinau. Results: The results showed that half of the children with vesicoureteral reflux belong to the age group of 1-3 years, girls are the most affected - 86.5% in Moldova and 54.3% in Romania (p=0.003). VUR is diagnosed in about 50% of the patients after repeated urinary infections but 33% after the first urinary infection. The diagnosis established by the age of 1 year - 61.1% (p=0.001) shows the congenital character of VUR. Unilateral damage is more common at a lesser degree of reflux, but with increasing VUR bilateral damage prevail - 66.7% in VUR grade 4 in Moldova (p=0.02) and 55.6% in Romania. The risk of developing reflux nephropathy is 9 times higher in children with severe VUR - 27% compared to children with low-grade VUR.Conclusions: The first episode of UTI with positive urine culture in children up to 1 year and repeated urinary infections raise suspicion of reflux. Most of the affected children are girls who have a higher incidence in the development of UTI and this is supported by the statistically significant correlation found with our study (p value). This is explained by the physiological anatomy that favor infection of the urethra on a retrograde way. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of VUR and UTI can prevent renal parenchyma infection, renal scarring and reflux nephropathy

Uterine Artery Embolization for Uncontrollable Hemorrhage after Vaginal Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the most common gynecologic procedure performed all over the world and various complications may appear depending on the surgical route. Delayed postoperative hemorrhage is a rare, life threatening complication. It requires timely management and recently the surgical reinterventions tend to be replaced by minimally invasive techniques. Transcatheter arterial embolization shows good results as a treatment strategy for massive vaginal bleeding post hysterectomy, when vaginal vault suturing fails to achieve hemostasis. We report a case of right uterine artery bleeding occurring 30 days after vaginal hysterectomy that was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization

Low financial inclusion as an educational gaps result: the Republic of Moldova case

Financial inclusion has a significant role in increasing the quality of life of citizens, as it represents the model of access to financial products and services in order to meet their development needs in a sustainable and responsible way. In this article, we are aiming to analyse the educational deficiencies of the Republic of Moldova, resulting in low financial inclusion of the population, as well as to provide certain solutions to increase the level of economic education of the population at different stages of the educational process. The opportunity to study this subject refers to the need to implement various solutions in order to ensure an acceptable level of financial inclusion, which primarily involves the participation of educational institutions in the formation of financial skills and financial literacy. In order to study the subject approached in the article, there were used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, etc. The research results include the selection from the literature of the concepts on financial inclusion, financial education and their importance for the economic development, research on this subject based on the analysis of the education system in the Republic of Moldova and the formulation of the most relevant research findings, resulting in recommendations for actions needed to be implemented actions needed to be implemented in the emerging countries, such as the Republic of Moldova in order to increase the level of financial inclusion

The screening by isoelectric focusing of transferrin for the diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation

Background: Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders caused by the defect in various steps in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. Material and methods: 40 patients under clinical suspicions for CDG at the Institute of Mother and Child were examined by isoelectric focusing of transferrin (IEFT) in collaboration with RadboudUMC, Netherlands and U.S.A. The spectrum of clinical presentations of these patients was multisystem damage, predominantly neurological manifestations. Results: Most of the patients (55%) had early neurological manifestations from the birth, such as hypotonia, psychomotor disability, cerebral MRI abnormalities, seizures (25%), cutis laxa (17.5%), total alopecia (2.5%), abnormal fat pads (2.5%), myopia (7.5%), nystagmus (5%), strabismus (2.5%), stroke-like episodes (2.5.%), ataxia (7.5%), abnormal coagulation (10%), hepatomegaly (35%) and liver cirrhosis (2.5%). Serum samples analyzed by IEFT showed the results: 37 normal, 2 questionable and 1 abnormal patterns. Two samples questionable belongs to the patients with Galactosemia and Fructosemia, which give the false-positive results. The last positive sample is performed additionally for glycomics profiling. In some cases, with IEFT negative profile was performed genetic test and were diagnosed other diseases, mimicking CDG, such as: NARP syndrome, late diagnosed PKU, GSD, Manosidoses, Prader-Willi Syndrome and chromosomal aberrations. Conclusions: The CDG is a rare metabolic disease with multisystem impairment and variety of symptoms which determine overlapping of phenotype with other genetic disorders. The process of diagnosis is very complex and can take several years

ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SURFACE WATERS IN NATURAL SCIENTIFIC RESERVE “LOWER PRUT”

The research results have marked a low value of the self-purification capacity for Beleu Lake water, between 0.12 and 0.19, which is of 1.2-2 times smaller than the one from Prut River (0.25), correlating positively with the values of BOD5, COD-Cr and the time of biochemical oxidation of ammonium ions. The evolution of stage NH4+(NH3) → NO2- in the process of nitrification in lake water in November 2014 takes place about 25 days and the process NO2- → NO3- - more than 35 days, the duration about 2 times higher than in lake water stages from 2015 and 2.8-3.0 times higher than that of the model with water from Prut River

Initial Disease Course and Treatment in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inception Cohort in Europe:The ECCO-EpiCom Cohort

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