Re-trobar-se als paisatges no nomenats. Caracterització del pensament paisatgistíc a través de la participació pública als paisatges de l'Espanya Buidada: el cas d'Aýna (Albacete)

[ES] La protección, gestión y planificación del paisaje es una tarea que ha experimentado una gran evolución en España, logrando grandes avances en esta materia en la última década. Gracias a la legislación contemplada a raíz del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje, se han revalorizado los paisajes del interior de España, derivando en un auge del turismo rural y permitiendo a las áreas rurales en peligro de desaparición diversificar su economía y conseguir motores de publicidad y difusión de sus territorios, paisajes y culturas. Esto se traduce en paisajes más accesibles, recuperación de antiguos caminos y corredores, y revalorización de ciertas características asociadas a estos asentamientos, como una vida en conexión con la naturaleza y más sostenible. Si bien estas cualidades suponen buenas intenciones, suelen acarrear la turistificación y masificación de entornos de una fragilidad paisajística (en el sentido más amplio de la palabra paisaje) importante, haciendo más accesibles los entornos rurales a los habitantes de la polis de forma estacional, en detrimento de la calidad de vida y de la conexión con el paisaje de los propios habitantes. Es necesaria una revisión del concepto de paisaje que permita pararse en el sentimiento profundo del paisaje y que ponga en el centro de la gestión del paisaje los procesos participativos el conocimiento del valor emocional de la experiencia paisajística. La elaboración de las cartografías emocionales que imbrican a una generación con su medio así como el análisis de los paisajes desde una perspectiva de procesos y movimientos, serán las herramientas utilizadas para detectar los puntos frágiles del territorio, que deben ser preservados de esa musealización del paisaje que a menudo suele acompañar a las intervenciones actuales, en pro de conservar la vida y el modo de relacionarse de los habitantes con su entorno. En concreto se pretende trabajar sobre la población de Aýna, en la Sierra del Segura (Albacete), objeto de varias transformaciones dirigidas al consumo de su territorio al ser escenario cinematográfico de una de las películas de culto por excelencia del cine español, así como por la calidad paisajística y ambiental que posee. A la vez, supone un ejemplo más de la conocida como España Vaciada, donde la ruralidad y la tradición lidian con una demografía no deja de bajar. Es necesaria la transmisión de la experiencia sobre y con el paisaje a generaciones futuras, de forma que se preserve el legado de este territorio sin su completa capitalización y banalización. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la elaboración de una ¿guía¿ para el análisis, la clasificación y la actuación sobre estos paisajes y sus cualidades intangibles desde una óptica más experiencial del paisaje, reclamando sus procesos como una forma de estar y ser en el paisaje, más acorde con el ser humano y sus necesidades. A través de la estimulación de esos paisajes clasificados, con pequeñas intervenciones concebidas bajo el entendimiento de las relaciones de una sociedad con su medio, se pretende la difusión tanto de una nueva forma de ver y entender el paisaje como una nueva forma de vivir (en) la Castilla rural.[EN] Landscape protection, management and planning it¿s a task that has undergone a great evolution in Spain, with major advances in this area in the last decade. Thanks to the legislation developed as a result of the European Landscape Convention, the landscapes of inland Spain have been revalued, leading to a boom in rural tourism and allowing rural areas in danger of disappearing to diversify their economy and achieve promotion of their territories, landscapes and cultures. This translates into more accessible landscapes, recovery of old paths and corridors, and revaluation of certain characteristics associated with these settlements, such as a life in connection with nature and more sustainable. Even these qualities are well intentioned, they often lead to the touristification and overcrowding of environments of significant landscape fragility, making rural environments more accessible to the citizens of the polis on a seasonal basis, to the detriment of the quality of life and the connection with the landscape of the inhabitants themselves. A revision of the landscape concept is needed, this allows us to think about the deep feeling of the landscape, and places the knowledge of the emotional value of the landscape experience at the centre of landscape management and participatory processes. The elaboration of emotional cartographies that links a generation with its environment, as well as the analysis of landscapes from a perspective of processes and movements, will be the tools used to detect the fragile points of the territory, which must be preserved from the musealisation of the landscape that often accompanies current interventions, in order to preserve the life and the way of relating of the inhabitants with their environment. Specifically, the aim is to work on Aýna, in Sierra del Segura (Albacete), wich has been the object of several transformations aimed at the consumption of its territory as a film set for one of the most popular films in Spanish cinema, as well as for the landscape and environmental quality it possesses. At the same time, it¿s another example of what is known as España Vaciada, where rurality and tradition struggle with an ever-decreasing demography. It¿s necessary to pass on the experience on and with the landscape to future generations, so that the legacy of this territory is preserved without its complete capitalisation and trivialisation. The aim of this work is to produce a "guide" for the analysis, classification and action on these landscapes and their intangible qualities from a more experiential viewpoint of the landscape, reclaiming its processes as a way of being and staying in the landscape, in line with human beings and their needs. Through the stimulation of these landscapes classified, with small interventions conceived under the understanding of the relations of a society with its environment, the aim is to disseminate both a new way of seeing and understanding the landscape and a new way of living (in) the rural Castilla.Mayordomo Giner, N. (2022). Re-encontarse en los paisajes no nombrados. Caracterización del pensamiento paisajero a través de la participación pública en los paisajes de la España Vaciada: el caso de Aýna (Albacete). Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18889

Immobilization of technetium by iron corrosion phases: lessons learned and future perspectives

Technetium-99 (99Tc) is a long-lived fission product (2.13×105 years) of uranium-235 (235U) and plutonium-239 (239Pu) and, therefore, of great concern for the long-term safe management of nuclear waste. The migration of Tc in the environment is highly influenced by the redox conditions, since Tc may be present in various oxidation states. Depending on the chemical properties of environmentally relevant systems, Tc is expected to mainly occur as Tc(VII) and as Tc(IV) under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. The anion pertechnetate (Tc(VII)O ) is known to barely interact with mineral surfaces; this, in turn, enhances its migration in groundwater and favors its entry into the biosphere. On the contrary, the formation of Tc(IV) limits the migration of Tc, since it forms a low soluble solid (TcO2) and/or species, whose interaction with minerals is more favorable. In the last few decades Tc migration has been focused on the reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV) by various reductants, such as Fe(II), Sn(II), or S(-II), which are either present in solution, taking part in mineral structures (Pearce et al., 2019), or metabolically induced by microbial cascades (Newsome et al., 2014). We have studied the immobilization of technetium (Tc) by various Fe(II)-containing phases, including Fe2+ pre-sorbed on alumina nanoparticles (Mayordomo et al., 2020), Fe(II)-Al(III)-layered double hydroxide (Mayordomo et al., 2021), and Fe(II) sulfides (Rodríguez et al., 2020; Rodríguez et al., 2021). We have combined sorption experiments with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques (scanning electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for Tc(VII) reductive immobilization. Those works have been focused on binary systems (i.e., studies of the interaction of Tc with a given reductant). However, the environment is a complex system, where different components often depend on and modify each other. Thus, Tc migration is susceptible and varies, depending on environmental conditions, and should not be studied in an isolated manner. The young investigator group TecRad (HZDR, 2022), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, aims at analyzing Tc chemistry from a wider perspective. Our goal is to study the biogeochemical behavior of Tc when it interacts with (i) microorganisms, (ii) metabolites, (iii) Fe(II) minerals, and (iv) Fe(II) minerals in presence of metabolites. An important part of this project deals with implementing new spectro-electrochemical methods to monitor the in situ the behavior of Tc in solution and at interfaces as a function of the redox potential. With these tools, we aspire to characterize the molecular structures of Tc species under a variable range of redox conditions to broaden the understanding of the chemical behavior of the pollutant. We aim at generating valuable thermodynamic data (complex formation constants, solubility constants of minerals, redox potentials, and Tc distribution coefficients) that will be used to implement a geochemical modeling able to explain Tc\u27s environmental fate, even under different redox conditions