The innovative technologies of education in the higher economic education of Ukraine

The article deals with the problem of professional training of future specialists in economics to work in the foreign exchange market based on the MetaStock computer program. The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the technical methods of preparing future economists for the testing of trading systems based on the software product such as MetaStock. The algorithms of students work with the MetaStock computer program with the aim of acquiring skills in the currency market based on computer technologies are determined. It is determined that the prerequisite for successful professional activity in the foreign exchange market is the mastery by future economists of their professional knowledge, skills and skills of trading systems testing while using the MetaStock computer program. It was proved with the help of experiments that the implementation of these methods of training of future economic specialists for testing trading systems based on the computer program MetaStock has led to a significant increase of their readiness to work in the currency market on the basis of computer technology.peer-reviewe

Diagnostics of formedness of system of values of future economists in professional preparation process

The article presents the results of the diagnostics of the formation of the value sphere of future economists. The problem of diagnostics of the formedness of the axiosphere of future economic profile specialist is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of modern socio-economic and political conditions. The notion of "value" is considered in the article as a material or spiritual object, which matters for a particular person and causes a valuable relation to it. We define the valuable orientations of the person as a relatively stable orientation of the needs of an individual towards a certain group of values. The purpose of the research is to carry out the diagnostics of the formation of the value sphere of future specialists of the economic profile. Students studying economics on 1-3 courses participated in the study. The methods of conversations, interviews, questionnaires, and observations were used to diagnose the formedness of the value sphere of future specialists in the economic field in the process of carrying out their vocational training. The conducted research testifies to the formedness of certain social image of democratic and totalitarian values of future economic specialists. However, there is a need for further work on clarifying the essence of such socially important values as discipline and law-abidingness and the formation of proper awareness of them by future economists. The development of a methodology for formation of the value sphere of the future specialist in the economic profile is the prospects for further research.peer-reviewe

Результаты трехлетней вакцинации детей против пневмококковой инфекции в России

Background. After inclusion of pneumococcal vaccination in the National Vaccination Schedule, it is very important to evaluate the efficacy of routine immunisation of the child population for more than 3 years. The obtained results provide opportunity to analyse the problems in achieving the goal, determine their causes, and suggest the ways of overcoming. Our aim was to study the results of a three-year period of pneumococcal vaccination of children. Methods. The quality of immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal infection in the territory of the Russian Federation were assessed by analysing the coverage of vaccination and timeliness of its conduct after the inclusion of pneumococcal vaccine in the National Vaccination Schedule. The actual epidemiological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination was assessed based on morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia, incidence of acute otitis media among children. By questioning parents (n = 352) who applied to the Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health ‘National Medical Research Centre for Children’s Health, the timeliness of pneumococcal vaccination for infants was established. Results. In most regions, a high level of pneumococcal vaccination coverage was reached (87% of children). Despite the fact that the majority of children (73%) were vaccinated untimely. In particular, the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Moscow vaccination centre indicate insufficient awareness of parents for the need to vaccinate infants against pneumococcal infection by primary care professionals and, as a consequence, a low level of timely initiated vaccine introduction (40.1%). The introduction of routine prophylactic pneumococcal vaccination in Russia resulted in a 35% reduction in the death rate of children from community-acquired pneumonia, led to a decrease in the incidence of acute otitis media. Conclusion. The introduction of routine prophylactic vaccination of children against Streptococcus pneumoniae helps to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections. The surveillance system for community-acquired pneumonia requires further improvement. It is advisable to conduct an additional analysis on the reasons for refusals and medical exemptions to vaccination. It is important to increase the professional level of paediatricians in prophylactic vaccination.Обоснование. После включения в Национальный календарь профилактических прививок вакцинации против пневмококковой инфекции очень важно оценить эффективность проводимой более 3 лет рутинной иммунизации детского населения. Полученные результаты позволят проанализировать проблемы в достижении цели, установить их причины и предложить пути преодоления. Цель исследования — изучить результаты трехлетнего периода вакцинации детей против пневмококковой инфекции. Методы. Проведена оценка качества иммунопрофилактики пневмококковой инфекции на территории Российской Федерации путем анализа охвата прививками, своевременности их проведения после включения пневмококковой вакцины в Национальный календарь профилактических прививок. Выполнена оценка фактической эпидемиологической эффективности вакцинации против пневмококковой инфекции на основании заболеваемости и смертности внебольничными пневмониями, заболеваемости острым средним отитом среди детского населения. Путем анкетирования родителей (n=352), обратившихся в ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, установлена своевременность вакцинации младенцев против пневмококковой инфекции. Результаты. В большинстве регионов достигнут высокий уровень охвата детей прививкой против пневмококковой инфекции (87%). При этом большинство детей (73%) были вакцинированы несвоевременно. В частности, результаты анкетирования, проведенного в центре вакцинации г. Москвы, указывают на недостаточную информированность родителей о необходимости вакцинации младенцев против пневмококковой инфекции специалистами первичного звена и, как следствие, низкий уровень своевременного начала введения вакцины (40,1%). Внедрение плановой вакцинопрофилактики против пневмококковой инфекции в России позволило на 35% снизить смертность детей от внебольничных пневмоний, привело к уменьшению заболеваемости острыми средними отитами. Заключение. Внедрение плановой вакцинопрофилактики детей против Streptococcus pneumoniae способствует снижению заболеваемости и смертности от пневмококковых инфекций. Система эпиднадзора за внебольничными пневмониями требует дальнейшего совершенствования. Целесообразно проведение дополнительного анализа причин отказов и медицинских отводов от вакцинации; важное значение имеет повышение профессионального уровня врачей-педиатров по вопросам вакцинопрофилактики.КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВЛ.С. Намазова-Баранова — получение исследовательских грантов от фармацевтических компаний Пьер Фабр, Genzyme Europe B. V., ООО «Астра зенека Фармасьютикалз», Gilead / PRA «Фармасьютикал Рисерч Ассошиэйтс СиАйЭс», Teva Branded Pharma ceuti cal products R&D, Inc / ООО «ППД Девелопмент (Смоленск)», «Сталлержен С. А.» / «Квинтайлс ГезмбХ» (Австрия).М.В. Федосеенко — получение гонораров от компаний Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, MSD за чтение лекций.Остальные авторы статьи подтвердили отсутствие конфликта интересов, о котором необходимо сообщить

Estimation of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Efficiency in Infants within National Immunization Schedule

Background. Vaccination of infants with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was implemented in national immunization schedule in 2014. In this regard epidemiological monitoring of routine immunization results with vaccination coverage and efficiency control is required. Objective. Our aim was to study correlation between pneumococcal disease routine immunization in infants and morbidity and mortality rates due to community-acquired pneumonia in children under 18 years of age and morbidity rate due to acute otitis media in children under 14 years of age. Methods. Morbidity (Form № 2, 2011–2017 yrs) and mortality (Form № 51S, 2009–2017 yrs) rates due to community-acquired pneumonia, morbidity rate (Form № 12, 2009–2017 yrs) due to acute otitis media, vaccination coverage rate (Form № 5, 2014–2017 yrs, and Form № 6, 2016–2017 yrs) were analysed according to the data of Forms of Federal Statistical Monitoring. Medical exemptions and refusals to vaccinate rates were estimated according to the data from doctors who was performing infants vaccination. Results. During PCV routine vaccination within national immunization schedule in Russian Federation the 35% reduction of mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia in children under 1 year of age as well as reduction of morbidity with acute otitis media have been established. Moreover, low percentage of etiology clear community-acquired pneumonias (29%) complicates the estimation of vaccination efficiency. It has been revealed that despite the high pneumococcal disease vaccination coverage rate of infants under 2 years of age (87%), considerable part of children (73%) are vaccinated untimely in most Russian Federation regions. 9.3% (3.4% due to medical exemptions) of children (among 1st year infants) remained unvaccinated due to medical exemptions and refusals to vaccinate in 2016, and 8% (3.4%) in 2017 respectively. Conclusion. Implementation of PCV routine immunisation for three years in a row leads to reduction of morbidity rate due to acute otitis media among children under 14 years of age and infant mortality rate due to community-acquired pneumonias. Though, the estimation of routine immunisation efficiency can be difficult due to such factors as untimely start of vaccination, medical exemptions and refusals to vaccinate and limited laboratory diagnostics of community-acquired pneumonias etiology

The Results of a Three-Year Pneumococcal Vaccination of Children in Russia

Background. After inclusion of pneumococcal vaccination in the National Vaccination Schedule, it is very important to evaluate the efficacy of routine immunisation of the child population for more than 3 years. The obtained results provide opportunity to analyse the problems in achieving the goal, determine their causes, and suggest the ways of overcoming. Our aim was to study the results of a three-year period of pneumococcal vaccination of children. Methods. The quality of immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal infection in the territory of the Russian Federation were assessed by analysing the coverage of vaccination and timeliness of its conduct after the inclusion of pneumococcal vaccine in the National Vaccination Schedule. The actual epidemiological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination was assessed based on morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia, incidence of acute otitis media among children. By questioning parents (n = 352) who applied to the Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health ‘National Medical Research Centre for Children’s Health, the timeliness of pneumococcal vaccination for infants was established. Results. In most regions, a high level of pneumococcal vaccination coverage was reached (87% of children). Despite the fact that the majority of children (73%) were vaccinated untimely. In particular, the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Moscow vaccination centre indicate insufficient awareness of parents for the need to vaccinate infants against pneumococcal infection by primary care professionals and, as a consequence, a low level of timely initiated vaccine introduction (40.1%). The introduction of routine prophylactic pneumococcal vaccination in Russia resulted in a 35% reduction in the death rate of children from community-acquired pneumonia, led to a decrease in the incidence of acute otitis media. Conclusion. The introduction of routine prophylactic vaccination of children against Streptococcus pneumoniae helps to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections. The surveillance system for community-acquired pneumonia requires further improvement. It is advisable to conduct an additional analysis on the reasons for refusals and medical exemptions to vaccination. It is important to increase the professional level of paediatricians in prophylactic vaccination

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk

Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics in Evaluation of LIXisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome, a long-term cardiovascular end point trial of lixisenatide versus placebo

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, patients with T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a particularly high risk of CV events. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, improves glycemia, but its effects on CV events have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS: ELIXA (www.clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT01147250) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of lixisenatide in patients with T2DM and a recent ACS event. The primary aim is to evaluate the effects of lixisenatide on CV morbidity and mortality in a population at high CV risk. The primary efficacy end point is a composite of time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Data are systematically collected for safety outcomes, including hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, and malignancy. RESULTS: Enrollment began in July 2010 and ended in August 2013; 6,068 patients from 49 countries were randomized. Of these, 69% are men and 75% are white; at baseline, the mean ± SD age was 60.3 ± 9.7 years, body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m(2), and duration of T2DM was 9.3 ± 8.2 years. The qualifying ACS was a myocardial infarction in 83% and unstable angina in 17%. The study will continue until the positive adjudication of the protocol-specified number of primary CV events. CONCLUSION: ELIXA will be the first trial to report the safety and efficacy of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in people with T2DM and high CV event risk

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes