New behavioral forms of sportsman students identification in university digital educational reality

The relevance of the research is due to a wide range of changes in the University educational reality caused by the influence of the Internet, computers, smartphones, mobile devices and modern gadgets on the behavioural forms of student identification. These processes are becoming a matter of particular concern to the public and University teachers. In this regard, this study reveals the features of the value priorities of the University digital educational reality, which modify the behavioural forms of student identification. In the course of pedagogical modelling, which is the leading research method, the phenomenon of new behavioural forms of student identification is identified as the leading idea of the University digital educational reality. This article reveals the key values of student identity identification in the University digital educational reality. The structure and content of new behavioural forms of student identification are established. Based on the research materials, the correction module of new behavioural forms of student identification in the University digital educational reality is justified. The module effectiveness is proved by the results of using new behavioural forms of student identification in the University educational process. The materials of the article are recommended to teachers, methodologists, organizers of the educational process and University students

The adaptive potential of North American subtype H7N2 avian influenza viruses to mammals

Introduction. H7 subtype avian influenza viruses causing severe epizootics among birds are phylogenetically different in the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Numerous human infections caused by these viruses in the Eastern hemisphere indicate that H7 viruses can overcome the interspecies barrier and pose a potential threat of a new pandemic.The H7N2 viruses with deletion of amino acids 221–228 (H3 numbering) in hemagglutinin (HA) had been circulating among poultry in the Western Hemisphere during 1996–2006, and had once again been detected in 2016 in an animal shelter, where they caused cat diseases. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of adaptation to mammals of North American H7N2 influenza viruses with deletion in HA. Materials and methods. The A/chicken/New Jersey/294598-12/2004 (H7N2) virus was adapted to mice by the lung passages. Complete genomes of original and mouse-adapted viruses were analyzed. The receptor specificity and thermostability of viruses, HA activation pH and virulence for mice were determined. Results. The non-pathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus became pathogenic after 10 passages in mice. Amino acid substitutions occurred in five viral proteins: one in PB2 (E627K), NA (K127N), NEP (E14Q), four in HA and six in NS1. Mutations in HA slightly changed receptor specificity but increased the pH of HA activation by 0.4 units. The NS1 protein undergone the greatest changes in the positions (N73T, S114G, K118R, G171A, F214L and G224R), where amino acid polymorphisms were observed in the original virus, but only minor amino acid variants have been preserved in the mouse adapted variant. Conclusion. The results show that H7N2 viruses have the potential to adapt to mammals. The increase in virulence is most likely due to the adaptive E627K mutation in PB2 and possibly in HA

Determination of cold-adapted influenza virus (Orthomyxoviridae: <i>Alphainfluenzavirus</i>) polymerase activity by the minigenome method with a fluorescent protein

Introduction. Polymerase proteins PB1 and PB2 determine the cold-adapted phenotype of the influenza virus A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2), as was shown earlier. Objective. The development of the reporter construct to determine the activity of viral polymerase at 33 and 37 °C using the minigenome method. Materials and methods. Co-transfection of Cos-1 cells with pHW2000 plasmids expressing viral polymerase proteins PB1, PB2, PA, NP (minigenome) and reporter construct. Results. Based on segment 8, two reporter constructs were created that contain a direct or inverted NS1-GFP-NS2 sequence for the expression of NS2 and NS1 proteins translationally fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP), which allowed the evaluation the transcriptional and/or replicative activity of viral polymerase. Conclusion. Polymerase of virus A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) has higher replicative and transcriptional activity at 33 °C than at 37 °C. Its transcriptional activity is more temperature-dependent than its replicative activity. The replicative and transcriptional activity of polymerase A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (H1N1, Mount Sinai variant) have no significant differences and do not depend on temperature

Combining Asian and European genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer improves risk prediction across racial and ethnic populations

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have great potential to guide precision colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention by identifying those at higher risk to undertake targeted screening. However, current PRS using European ancestry data have sub-optimal performance in non-European ancestry populations, limiting their utility among these populations. Towards addressing this deficiency, we expand PRS development for CRC by incorporating Asian ancestry data (21,731 cases; 47,444 controls) into European ancestry training datasets (78,473 cases; 107,143 controls). The AUC estimates (95% CI) of PRS are 0.63(0.62-0.64), 0.59(0.57-0.61), 0.62(0.60-0.63), and 0.65(0.63-0.66) in independent datasets including 1681-3651 cases and 8696-115,105 controls of Asian, Black/African American, Latinx/Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White, respectively. They are significantly better than the European-centric PRS in all four major US racial and ethnic groups (p-values < 0.05). Further inclusion of non-European ancestry populations, especially Black/African American and Latinx/Hispanic, is needed to improve the risk prediction and enhance equity in applying PRS in clinical practice

The State and Dynamics of Biological Communities in the Rybinsk Reservoir under Climate Changes

На основе анализа многолетних данных по структурным характеристикам фито- (1954–2014 гг.) и зоопланктона (2004–2013 гг.), а также содержанию хлорофилла в воде и донных отложениях (2009–2014 гг.) Рыбинского водохранилища (Верхняя Волга, Россия) показано, что современные климатические изменения приводят к трансформации состояния и динамики биологических сообществ водохранилища, характерной при увеличении трофии пресноводных экосистем. После аномально жаркого лета 2010 г. выявлен резкий подъем концентрации хлорофилла в воде с преобладанием величин, характерных для эвтрофных и высокоэвтрофных вод. Распределение растительных пигментов в донных отложениях в разные годы было сходным и отражало характерную для водохранилища специфику структуры грунтового комплекса. В сезонной динамике биомассы фитопланктона и концентрации хлорофилла летний максимум, обусловленный развитием цианобактерий, стал доминировать над весенним. В структуре фитопланктона увеличились пропорции цианобактерий и миксотрофных фитофлагеллят, отмечены инвазии солоновато-водных диатомовых и уменьшение размеров клеток. В сезонной динамике биомассы зоопланктона сформировался второй позднелетний (август) пик, максимально проявившийся в аномально жаркое лето 2010 г. Кроме того, наблюдалось смещение на одну–две недели сроков начала и окончания сезонного цикла ряда видов зоопланктона относительно 1960–1970-х гг. Появление летнего дефицита растворенного кислорода (О2 1–4 мг/л в слое 1–7 м над дном) привело к локальному изменению вертикального распределения ракообразных-фильтраторов и снижению их обилия до трех разThe long-term data on structural characteristics of phytoplankton (1954–2014) and zooplankton (2004–2013), as well as chlorophyll content in the water and bottom sediments (2009–2014) in the Rybinsk Reservoir (Upper Volga, Russia) were analyzed. It was shown that the modern climate changes lead to transformation in the state and dynamics of biological communities that is characteristic of the trophicity increase. After the abnormally hot summer of 2010 a sharp rise in chlorophyll content in water with a predominance of values typical for eutrophic and highly eutrophic conditions was detected. Distribution of plant pigments in the bottom sediments was similar in different years, which shows the specific character of the sediment complex structure in the reservoir. In the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll concentration the summer maximum caused by development of cyanobacteria began to dominate above the spring one. In the structure of phytoplankton the proportions of cyanobacteria and myxotrophic phytophagellates increased, the invasion of brackish-water diatoms was marked, and diminution of the cell size was noted. In seasonal dynamics of zooplankton biomass the second late peak was formed in August and it was particularly pronounced in the abnormally hot summer of 2010. In addition, there was a 1–2 week shift in timing of the beginning and ending in seasonal cycle of a number of zooplankton species relative to the 1960–1970s. Appearance of a summer dissolved oxygen deficiency (up to 1–4 mg O2/L in the layer of 1–7 m above the bottom) resulted in a local change in the vertical distribution of crustacean filtrators and decrease in their abundance up to three time

Influenza A Virus M1 Protein Non-Specifically Deforms Charged Lipid Membranes and Specifically Interacts with the Raft Boundary

Topological rearrangements of biological membranes, such as fusion and fission, often require a sophisticated interplay between different proteins and cellular membranes. However, in the case of fusion proteins of enveloped viruses, even one molecule can execute membrane restructurings. Growing evidence indicates that matrix proteins of enveloped viruses can solely trigger the membrane bending required for another crucial step in virogenesis, the budding of progeny virions. For the case of the influenza A virus matrix protein M1, different studies report both in favor and against M1 being able to produce virus-like particles without other viral proteins. Here, we investigated the physicochemical mechanisms of M1 membrane activity on giant unilamellar vesicles of different lipid compositions using fluorescent confocal microscopy. We confirmed that M1 predominantly interacts electrostatically with the membrane, and its ability to deform the lipid bilayer is non-specific and typical for membrane-binding proteins and polypeptides. However, in the case of phase-separating membranes, M1 demonstrates a unique ability to induce macro-phase separation, probably due to the high affinity of M1’s amphipathic helices to the raft boundary. Thus, we suggest that M1 is tailored to deform charged membranes with a specific activity in the case of phase-separating membranes

The State and Dynamics of Biological Communities in the Rybinsk Reservoir under Climate Changes

На основе анализа многолетних данных по структурным характеристикам фито- (1954–2014 гг.) и зоопланктона (2004–2013 гг.), а также содержанию хлорофилла в воде и донных отложениях (2009–2014 гг.) Рыбинского водохранилища (Верхняя Волга, Россия) показано, что современные климатические изменения приводят к трансформации состояния и динамики биологических сообществ водохранилища, характерной при увеличении трофии пресноводных экосистем. После аномально жаркого лета 2010 г. выявлен резкий подъем концентрации хлорофилла в воде с преобладанием величин, характерных для эвтрофных и высокоэвтрофных вод. Распределение растительных пигментов в донных отложениях в разные годы было сходным и отражало характерную для водохранилища специфику структуры грунтового комплекса. В сезонной динамике биомассы фитопланктона и концентрации хлорофилла летний максимум, обусловленный развитием цианобактерий, стал доминировать над весенним. В структуре фитопланктона увеличились пропорции цианобактерий и миксотрофных фитофлагеллят, отмечены инвазии солоновато-водных диатомовых и уменьшение размеров клеток. В сезонной динамике биомассы зоопланктона сформировался второй позднелетний (август) пик, максимально проявившийся в аномально жаркое лето 2010 г. Кроме того, наблюдалось смещение на одну–две недели сроков начала и окончания сезонного цикла ряда видов зоопланктона относительно 1960–1970-х гг. Появление летнего дефицита растворенного кислорода (О2 1–4 мг/л в слое 1–7 м над дном) привело к локальному изменению вертикального распределения ракообразных-фильтраторов и снижению их обилия до трех разThe long-term data on structural characteristics of phytoplankton (1954–2014) and zooplankton (2004–2013), as well as chlorophyll content in the water and bottom sediments (2009–2014) in the Rybinsk Reservoir (Upper Volga, Russia) were analyzed. It was shown that the modern climate changes lead to transformation in the state and dynamics of biological communities that is characteristic of the trophicity increase. After the abnormally hot summer of 2010 a sharp rise in chlorophyll content in water with a predominance of values typical for eutrophic and highly eutrophic conditions was detected. Distribution of plant pigments in the bottom sediments was similar in different years, which shows the specific character of the sediment complex structure in the reservoir. In the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll concentration the summer maximum caused by development of cyanobacteria began to dominate above the spring one. In the structure of phytoplankton the proportions of cyanobacteria and myxotrophic phytophagellates increased, the invasion of brackish-water diatoms was marked, and diminution of the cell size was noted. In seasonal dynamics of zooplankton biomass the second late peak was formed in August and it was particularly pronounced in the abnormally hot summer of 2010. In addition, there was a 1–2 week shift in timing of the beginning and ending in seasonal cycle of a number of zooplankton species relative to the 1960–1970s. Appearance of a summer dissolved oxygen deficiency (up to 1–4 mg O2/L in the layer of 1–7 m above the bottom) resulted in a local change in the vertical distribution of crustacean filtrators and decrease in their abundance up to three time

Loss of signal during intraoperative neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves as a predictor of postoperative larynx paresis: Analysis of 1065 consequetive thyroid and parathyroid operations. Surgeons' algorythm (tactics)

During thyroid and parathyroid operations performed with laryngeal nerves neuromonitoring, a segmental or global loss of signal may occur. The most frequent cause of loss of signal – is tension of thyroid gland tissue and at the same time tension of the laryngeal nerves. There is no consensus if this complication arises regarding surgeon’s actions. Aim. Evaluation of predictive value of loss of signal during IONM regarding larynx paresis in postoperative period, and algorithm suggestion in case of loss of signal develops. Materials and methods. 1065 patients were operated on thyroid and parathyroid glands with neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves. Neuromonitore C2 (Inomed, Emmendingen, Germany) was used. We evaluated frequency of loss of signal, described types of loss of signal, showed sensitivity and specificity of loss of signal and development of postoperative larynx paresis. Results. Loss of signal developed in 32 (1,9%) patients. More frequently loss of signal was detected at left side (p=0,01, χ2 = 4,2 OR=2,9). Sensitivity (Se)  of loss of signal and postoperative larynx paresis development reached 59,2%, specificity – 99,7% (Sp), positive predicitive value (PPV) – 91,4%, negative predictive value (NPV) – 97,8%. There are no statistically reliable differences in recovery periods of larynx function depending on type of loss of signal (segmental or global) (p=0,5). Conclusions. In most cases loss of electromyographical signal indicates injury of laryngeal nerves during operation on thyroid and parathyroid glands. When there is loss of signal in case of bilateral thyroid gland disease it is reasonable to make a decision to stop operation to prevent development of bilateral larynx paresis

Combining Asian and European genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer improves risk prediction across racial and ethnic populations

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have great potential to guide precision colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention by identifying those at higher risk to undertake targeted screening. However, current PRS using European ancestry data have sub-optimal performance in non-European ancestry populations, limiting their utility among these populations. Towards addressing this deficiency, we expand PRS development for CRC by incorporating Asian ancestry data (21,731 cases; 47,444 controls) into European ancestry training datasets (78,473 cases; 107,143 controls). The AUC estimates (95% CI) of PRS are 0.63(0.62-0.64), 0.59(0.57-0.61), 0.62(0.60-0.63), and 0.65(0.63-0.66) in independent datasets including 1681-3651 cases and 8696-115,105 controls of Asian, Black/African American, Latinx/Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White, respectively. They are significantly better than the European-centric PRS in all four major US racial and ethnic groups (p-values &lt; 0.05). Further inclusion of non-European ancestry populations, especially Black/African American and Latinx/Hispanic, is needed to improve the risk prediction and enhance equity in applying PRS in clinical practice