The Impact of Transmedia Processes on the Linguistic Personality of the Web Communicant

The article deals with the problem of distortion of meanings when covering an event in transmedia in the aspect of its impact on the linguistic personality of a web communicant. A detailed review of domestic and foreign scientific literature enables the authors to conclude that the formation of transmedia as a specific means of reproducing the information picture of an event is accompanied by genre transformations and convergence of media formats. The article proves that as a component of the transmedia structure, which is formed by means of artificial intelligence and digitalization, network media are changing their style of event coverage, and the use of clickbait is becoming more frequent in the headlines of publications. It increases the incongruence between the content and the title. As a result, a linguistic virtual personality, experiencing uncertainty about the reliability of media reports, demonstrates a tendency towards linguistic simplification, entertainment, speech negativity and provocation. It shows the need for strong emotional, expressive, evaluative language tools that enhance the effect of sensationalism. Systematization of quantitative and qualitative indicators has made it possible to specify the signs of destructive disorders and trace the mechanisms of influence of transmedia processes on the virtual linguistic personality. As a result, the authors identify similarities and differences between the communicative expectations of information recipients and the linguistic means of media texts as part of transmedia, revealing their destructive impact on the network audience

The link between language and culture on the lessons of Russian as a foreign language

The main aim of a foreign language teacher is to form a student’s communicative competence, which is a complex of other competencies such as linguistic, discursive and linguocultural.  For successful psychological and social adaptation in a new cultural and linguistic space for a foreign student is extremely important at the initial level of education begin to master the basic linguistic and cultural concepts that reflect the culture of the speakers of the studied language and leads to the adoption of a different worldview.  Thus, for successful communication, you need not only use phonetic, grammatical, syntactic and pragmatic rules of the language, but also you should have a clear idea of the conceptual picture of the world of the people, who speaks this language.  It follows that the study of any foreign language should occur inextricably linked with the knowledge of culture, values and understanding of the native people of this language. The objective of the work is to formulate the key linguocultural principles of teaching Russian as a foreign language. To achieve this objective, the works of leading researchers in the field of linguistics, didactics, methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language have been analyzed. The research object is an inextricable link between learning a foreign language and the culture of its speakers. The research result is the proof of the need to learn a foreign language as being inextricably linked with knowledge of the culture, values and world outlook of the people - speakers of this language, as well as a list of basic linguocultural principles, on which teaching a foreign language, including Russian as a foreign language, should be based

Культурно-цивилизационный феномен интеллигенции: историческая и провидческая реальность

The article attempts to consider the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia in a wide cultural context. We turn to the works of Russian philosophers, to the works of art by Russian writers. Philosophy, literature and art in Russian culture form a synthesis through which you can understand the uniqueness of the national image of the world. The material for the study is the treatise S.A. Yesenin "The keys of Mary”. In this treatise, the poet reflects not only on the laws of art, but also gives ideas about the Russian man, his connection with archaic knowledge, expressed through ornament, embroidery, and applied art. The comparative-typological, structural-functional and systematic analysis method is applied.El artículo intenta considerar el fenómeno de la intelectualidad rusa en un amplio contexto cultural. Pasamos a las obras de filósofos rusos, a las obras de arte de escritores rusos. La filosofía, la literatura y el arte en la cultura rusa forman una síntesis a través de la cual puedes entender la singularidad de la imagen nacional del mundo. El material para el estudio es el tratado SA Yesenin "Las llaves de María". En este tratado, el poeta no solo reflexiona sobre las leyes del arte, sino que también da ideas sobre el hombre ruso, su conexión con el conocimiento arcaico, expresada a través del ornamento. , bordado y arte aplicado Se aplica el método de análisis comparativo-tipológico, estructural-funcional y sistemático.В статье предпринимается попытка рассмотреть феномен русской интеллигенции в широком культурном контексте. Обращаемся к трудам русских философов, к художественным произведениям русских писателей. Философия, литература и искусство в русской культуре образуют синтез, через который можно понять своеобразие национального образа мира. Материалом для исследования выступает трактат С.А. Есенина «Ключи Марии». В этом трактате поэт размышляет не только о законах искусства, но и дает представления о русском человеке, его связи с архаическими знаниями, выразившейся через орнамент, вышивку, прикладное искусство. Применен сравнительно-типологический, структурно-функциональный и системный метод анализа

Business Games in Training Engineering Students

The article discusses solution approaches to the enhanced training of engineering students. To shape professional competences and learning motivation it is offered to use business game as an active teaching technique, which to the authors’ mind, is an efficient tool to prepare students for future professional activity. Business game, as a tool for simulating various aspects of professional environment and real industrial processes, allows to train students apply the obtained theoretical knowledge and solve problems emerging in their professional activity

Superoxide Dismutase 1 Nanozyme for Treatment of Eye Inflammation

Use of antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress during ocular inflammatory diseases has shown therapeutic potential. This work examines a nanoscale therapeutic modality for the eye on the base of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), termed “nanozyme.” The nanozyme is produced by electrostatic coupling of the SOD1 with a cationic block copolymer, poly(L-lysine)-poly(ethyleneglycol), followed by covalent cross-linking of the complexes with 3,3′-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate) sodium salt. The ability of SOD1 nanozyme as well as the native SOD1 to reduce inflammatory processes in the eye was examined in vivo in rabbits with immunogenic uveitis. Results suggested that topical instillations of both enzyme forms demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity; however, the nanozyme was much more effective compared to the free enzyme in decreasing uveitis manifestations. In particular, we noted statistically significant differences in such inflammatory signs in the eye as the intensities of corneal and iris edema, hyperemia of conjunctiva, lens opacity, fibrin clots, and the protein content in aqueous humor. Clinical findings were confirmed by histological data. Thus, SOD1-containing nanozyme is potentially useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders

An Integrated Approach to Assessing the Effects of Environmental Factors on Mussels in the Black Sea

Abstract. Metabolic modifications, including in lipid profiles, and physiological and morphological disorders, can be used as indicators of the health status of an organism and its adaptive strategy, such as tolerance and survival under environmental impacts. An integrative approach to studying the effects of environmental factors on an organism must take into account the seasonality and differences in the organism’s habitat. Mussels in the bivalve genus Mytilus are used worldwide as marine sentinel organisms in biomonitoring programmes. Seasonal changes in the lipid composition of mussels reflect the effect of a wide range of environmental factors: temperature, salinity, quality and availability of food sources, and stages of the reproductive cycle. This study compared the lipid profiles of mussels from different habitats in the Black Sea depending on the stage of their reproductive cycle. The lipid profile of the gills and digestive glands of Black Sea mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) depends on environmental factors specific to these locations and is determined by reproductive processes. This indicates the important role of lipid molecules in the life cycle of mussels, as well as during their adaptation to environmental factors. These findings can be used for integrated assessment of the impact of environmental factors on the sentinel organisms used in biomonitoring research. Keywords: lipids, phospholipids, mussels, season, environmental factors, habita

Kinases of eIF2a Switch Translation of mRNA Subset during Neuronal Plasticity

Compared to other types of cells, neurons express the largest number of diverse mRNAs, including neuron-specific ones. This mRNA diversity is required for neuronal function, memory storage, maintenance and retrieval. Regulation of translation in neurons is very complicated and involves various proteins. Some proteins, implementing translational control in other cell types, are used by neurons for synaptic plasticity. In this review, we discuss the neuron-specific activity of four kinases: protein kinase R (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2), and heme-reguated eIF2α kinase (HRI), the substrate for which is α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α is necessary for the cell during stress conditions, such as lack of amino acids, energy stress or viral infection. We propose that, during memory formation, neurons use some mechanisms similar to those involved in the cellular stress. The four eIF2α kinases regulate translation of certain mRNAs containing upstream open reading frames (uORFs). These mRNAs encode proteins involved in the processes of long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD). The review examines some neuronal proteins for which translation regulation by eIF2 was suggested and checked experimentally. Of such proteins, we pay close attention to protein kinase Mζ, which is involved in memory storage and regulated at the translational level

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 As a Possible Neuroprotective Agent and Memory Enhancer—Its Comparative Expression, Processing and Signaling in Mammalian CNS

A number of studies performed on rodents suggest that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) or its analogs may possibly be used for treating some conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, autistic spectrum disorders or aging-related cognitive impairment. Still, for translational research a comparative knowledge about the function of IGF-2 and related molecules in model organisms (rats and mice) and humans is necessary. There is a number of important differences in IGF-2 signaling between species. In the present review we emphasize species-specific patterns of IGF-2 expression in rodents, humans and some other mammals, using, among other sources, publicly available transcriptomic data. We provide a detailed description of Igf2 mRNA expression regulation and pre-pro-IGF-2 protein processing in different species. We also summarize the function of IGF-binding proteins. We describe three different receptors able to bind IGF-2 and discuss the role of IGF-2 signaling in learning and memory, as well as in neuroprotection. We hope that comprehensive understanding of similarities and differences in IGF-2 signaling between model organisms and humans will be useful for development of more effective medicines targeting IGF-2 receptors

Nanotechnology for Topical Drug Delivery to the Anterior Segment of the Eye

Topical drug delivery is one of the most challenging aspects of eye therapy. Eye drops are the most prevalent drug form, especially for widely distributed anterior segment eye diseases (cataracts, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, inflammatory diseases, etc.), because they are convenient and easy to apply by patients. However, conventional drug formulations are usually characterized by short retention time in the tear film, insufficient contact with epithelium, fast elimination, and difficulties in overcoming ocular tissue barriers. Not more than 5% of the total drug dose administered in eye drops reaches the interior ocular tissues. To overcome the ocular drug delivery barriers and improve drug bioavailability, various conventional and novel drug delivery systems have been developed. Among these, nanosize carriers are the most attractive. The review is focused on the different drug carriers, such as synthetic and natural polymers, as well as inorganic carriers, with special attention to nanoparticles and nanomicelles. Studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that new formulations could help to improve the bioavailability of the drugs, provide sustained drug release, enhance and prolong their therapeutic action. Promising results were obtained with drug-loaded nanoparticles included in in situ gel