Institutional trends of Russian agriculture as problems and advantages of development

It is established that the increase in the level of food security in Russia refers to the institutional problems of the economy. It is assumed that the long-standing reproductive imbalances in the economy may manifest themselves differently in the conditions of sanctions and changes in the institutional policy of the state. The purpose and objectives of the study were to analyze the positions of various authors regarding new trends in the development of the institutional factor in their countries. Institutional trends in the Russian economy, including agriculture, are evaluated. The depth of manifestation and the temporal extent of the most important institutional trends are determined: the trend to preserve small-scale production, imbalances in the development of crop production and animal husbandry, the imbalance of prices of agricultural producers and prices of products consumed by them, the uneven spatial development of Russian regions. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the main structural imbalances and contradictions in the institutional development of agriculture are systematized. To develop a proactive regulatory impact, it is recommended that the authorities and management monitor some new reproductive proportions

Perspectivas para o desenvolvimento da lei nas condições da economia digital

The authors consider the problems of forming the digital economy from the position of law in the article. They analyze the main trends in the development of individual branches of law. They identify the problems arising in the process of legal regulation of digital policy and the economy of modern states.Los autores consideran los problemas de formar la economía digital desde la posición de la ley en el artículo. Analizan las principales tendencias en el desarrollo de ramas individuales de la ley. Identifican los problemas que surgen en el proceso de regulación legal de la política digital y la economía de los estados modernos.Os autores consideram os problemas de formar a economia digital a partir da posição de lei no artigo. Eles analisam as principais tendências no desenvolvimento de ramos individuais da lei. Eles identificam os problemas que surgem no processo de regulação legal da política digital e da economia dos estados modernos

Mosquitoes of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera, Culicidae) group: species diagnostic and phylogenetic relationships

Herein, we report the results of study of Anopheles species in Primorsk and Khabarovsk regions of Russia. Three species of the Anopheles hyrcanus group: An. kleini, An. pullus, and An. lesteri were identified by molecular taxonomic diagnostics for the first time in Russia. Surprisingly, An. sinensis, which earlier was considered the only species of Anopheles in Russian Far East, was not observed. We analyzed nucleotide variation in the 610-bp fragment of the 5' end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region. All species possessed a distinctive set of COI sequences. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed for members of the hyrcanus group. The examined Anopheles hyrcanus group members could be divided into two major subgroups: subgroup 1 (An. hyrcanus and An. pullus) and subgroup 2 (An. sinensis, An. kleini, and An. lesteri), which were found to be monophyletic

First record of the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus (Diptera, Culicidae) in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The natural distribution range of Aedes koreicus is Korea, China, Japan, and the Russian Far East. Since 2008, this species has been recorded as an invasive species in some European countries (Belgium, European Russia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland). The invasive mosquito species Ae. koreicus is reported from the Republic of Kazakhstan for the first time. Its morphological identification was confirmed by molecular-genetic analyses of ND4 sequences using specific primers. Aedes koreicus larvae were found in an artificial water reservoir together with the larvae of Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens s.l. Aedes koreicus successfully overwintered in Almaty at low winter temperatures in 2018–2019. This suggests that the Ae. koreicus acclimation capacity is greater than it has been considered until now. We assume that Ae. koreicus will spread over the west and south of the Republic of Kazakhstan and territories of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Republics bordering the Almaty region

Risk of hospitalization and death following prostate biopsy in Scotland

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk of hospitalization and death following prostate biopsy.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsOur study population comprised 10,285 patients with a record of first ever prostate biopsy between 2009 and 2013 on computerized acute hospital discharge or outpatient records covering Scotland. Using the general population as a comparison group, expected numbers of admissions/deaths were derived by applying age-, sex-, deprivation category-, and calendar year-specific rates of hospital admissions/deaths to the study population. Indirectly standardized hospital admission ratios (SHRs) and mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated by dividing the observed numbers of admissions/deaths by expected numbers.ResultsCompared with background rates, patients were more likely to be admitted to hospital within 30 days (SHR 2.7; 95% confidence interval 2.4, 2.9) and 120 days (SHR 4.0; 3.8, 4.1) of biopsy. Patients with prior co-morbidity had higher SHRs. The risk of death within 30 days of biopsy was not increased significantly (SMR 1.6; 0.9, 2.7), but within 120 days, the risk of death was significantly higher than expected (SMR 1.9; 1.5, 2.4). The risk of death increased with age and tended to be higher among patients with prior co-morbidity. Overall risks of hospitalization and of death up to 120 days were increased both in men diagnosed and those not diagnosed with prostate cancer.ConclusionsHigher rates of adverse events in older patients and patients with prior co-morbidity emphasizes the need for careful patient selection for prostate biopsy and justifies ongoing efforts to minimize the risk of complications

Assessment of agricultural production in Russia in the context of global food security

The world’s economies are focused on sustainable development and food security. One of the main components of the food security system of the country - agricultural production - is highlighted. The study aims to identify the problems and prospects for the development of food security. The objectives of the study are related to the justification of the system of indicators (criteria) to assess the level of food security of countries, the choice of the list of countries for comparative analysis, conducting economic and statistical analysis, formulating directions to improve food security management. The system of indicators to assess the level of food security in the countries based on the assessment of average annual indices of production and consumption of products per capita and per arable land or livestock, poultry. An assessment of food security in terms of agricultural development indicators was conducted for the years 2010-2018. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of a methodology for assessing food security indicators, assessment of progressive and negative changes in the level of food security, formulation of conclusions to improve food security in Russia. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of developing a more efficient state agricultural policy

Pain as one of the risk factors for progression of knee osteoarthrosis

Objective: to study the impact of pain intensity on the progression of knee osteoarthrosis (OA). Subjects and methods. One hundred and ten patients with knee OA were examined at a 5-year interval. All the patients underwent a questionnaire survey and knee joint pain assessment using a visual analog scale (VAS) and standard radiography. Results. After 5-year follow-up, radiographic OA progression was seen in 40 patients (Group 2); its stage remained the same in 70 patients (Group 1). In both groups, the patients were matched for age (59.2+9.5 and 59.0+8.1 years) and disease duration (11.1+10.6 and 13.7+9.9 years). During the first examination, pain on walking was more severe in Group 1 than in Group 2: 57.8+16.6 and 48.7+13.3 mm by VAS (р=0.002), as well as severe joint pain was predominant in these patients: 22.5 and 11.4%, respectively. Over the 5-year period, there was an increase in pain intensity. At the end of the follow-up, the patients with progressive OA rated their knee joint pain as severe in 35% of cases whereas in this index the non-progression group was only 12.9 (p = 0.012). Conclusion. In the OA progression group, pain intensity was initially statistically higher than that in the non-progression group. During 5-year follow-up, Group 1 showed an increase in knee joint pain intensity on walking, which can be considered as one of the predictors of gonarthrosis progression

Limited joint mobility syndrome as a predictor of the diabetic foot syndrome

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to the development of late complications. In addition to the traditional late complications, a high prevalence of damage to the musculoskeletal system in diabetes was noted. The most appropriate term that reflects the defeat of the musculoskeletal system in diabetes is limited joints mobility syndrome (LJM). Damage to the hands in the presence of open painless stiffness of the joints, fixed flexion contractures, impaired fine motor skills of the hands and grip forces. Subsequently, it became clear that, over time, the restriction of joint mobility develops not only in the small joints of the hands, but also in other large and small joints of the limbs. Traditionally, LJM syndrome pays low attention on the part of practitioners in comparison with other micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, even though LJM can significantly impair functional activity, self-care, and impair the quality of life. It is assumed that damage to the periarticular tissues and joints in DM is caused by the accumulation of end glycation products. A decisive place in the diagnosis of LJM is the clinical examination. In the presence of LJM syndrome, the osteoarticular structures of the feet can be affected, timely diagnosis can lead to the development of diabetic foot syndrome