Não-componentes da carcaça e carne de cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar associada a grãos de girassol e vitamina E

Objetivando-se avaliar peso e porcentagem dos não-componentes da carcaça e teores de matéria mineral (macro e microminerais), proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, umidade, e vitamina E do coração, fígado, língua, pulmões, retículo, rins e carne oriunda do músculo Longissimus dorsi de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com dietas contendo grãos de girassol e vitamina E, utilizou-se 32 cordeiros Ile de France, machos não castrados, dos 15 aos 32 kg de peso corporal. O peso da pele (3,31 kg), a porcentagem do esôfago (0,20%) e do pâncreas (0,18%) foram superiores nos cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo vitamina E, o peso e porcentagem do aparelho respiratório com traqueia foram superiores quando fornecido dieta sem grãos de girassol. Não houve diferença (P0,05) quanto à matéria mineral (1,99 g/100 g), proteína bruta (20,03 g/100 g), extrato etéreo (2,39 g/100 g), umidade (74,78 g/100 g), macrominerais e microminerais, exceto o teor de ferro, com valores superiores quando incluiu-se grãos de girassol e vitamina E na dieta dos cordeiros. Na língua, pulmões, retículo, rins e carne, não houve influência (P>0,05) da dieta nas variáveis avaliadas. Dietas com inclusão de vitamina E aumentaram o teor de alfa-tocoferol no fígado (0,89 mg/100 g), língua (0,95 mg/100 g) e rins (0,94 mg/100 g) dos cordeiros. A inclusão de vitamina E e grãos de girassol na dieta proporcionou maiores valores de alfa-tocoferol na carne (0,77 mg/100 g). A carne ovina sobressaiu-se aos demais não-componentes da carcaça avaliados, apenas em relação aos teores de potássio e magnésioIn order to evaluate weight and percentage of non-carcass components and contents of mineral matter (macro minerals and trace minerals), crude protein, ether extract, moisture, and vitamin E in heart, liver, tongue, lungs, reticulum, kidney and Longissimus dorsi meat from lambs finished in feedlot diets containing sunflower seeds and vitamin E. It was used 32 Ile de France lambs, intact males, evaluated from 15 to 32 kg body weight. The skin weight (3,31 kg), the percentage of the esophagus (0,20%) and pancreas (0,18%) were higher for lambs fed with diets containing vitamin E, weight and percentage of the respiratory apparatus/trachea were higher when they received diets without sunflower seeds. There was no difference (P0,05) for ash (1,99 g/100 g), crude protein (20,03 g/100 g), ether extract (2,39 g/100 g) and moisture contents (74,78 g/100 g), as well as in minerals and trace elements, except iron, with higher values when it was included sunflower seeds and vitamin E in the diet. The tongue, lungs, reticulum, kidney and meat, was not affected (P>0,05) by the diet. Diets with inclusion of vitamin E increased the levels of alphatocopherol in the liver (0,89 mg/100 g), tongue (0,95 mg/100 g) and kidney (0,94 mg/100 g) of the lambs. The inclusion of vitamin E and sunflower seeds in the diet resulted in higher values of this in the meat (0,77 mg/100 g). The lamb meat stood out for potassium and magnesium contents, and was similar, in terms of nutrients, to the other non-carcass components evaluatedCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Digestibility and nitrogen balance of lambs fed sugarcane hydrolyzed under different conditions as roughage in the diet

This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility and nitrogen balance (NB) of lambs fed sugarcane hydrolyzed under different conditions. Fifteen Ile de France lambs at, on average, 23.5kg of body weight were evaluated. Treatments were: in natura sugarcane (IN), sugarcane hydrolyzed using 0.6% calcium oxide (CaO) under aerobic condition (AER), and sugarcane hydrolyzed using 0.6% CaO under anaerobic condition (ANA). Therefore, a completely randomized design was constituted with five replicates per treatment. Treatments were supplied to animals along with concentrate. Both hydrolysis conditions aimed to alter the sugarcane fermentation pattern, therefore improving fiber digestibility. Lambs were housed in individual pens and fed with diet allowing 10% of refusals. Refusals, feces and urine were sampled daily during five days. They were collected to determine the digestibility and NB. A higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (57.05%), organic matter (85.39%), hemicellulose (72.09%), NB (29.46g day-1 and 2.78g kg-0.75 day-1) and rate of nitrogen absorbed (3.00g kg-0.75 day-1) were observed for lambs fed with ANA than for those fed IN (41.17%, 73.76%, 53.80%, 21.39g day-1, 2.00g kg-0.75 day-1 and 2.22g kg-0.75 day-1, respectively). As roughage, ANA in the lamb diet, optimizes the nitrogen balance and is more efficient to improve the digestibility of some nutrients compared to IN. Whereas AER was as efficient as ANA and INO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a digestibilidade e o balanço de nitrogênio (BN) do volumoso cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada sob diferentes condições, na alimentação de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 15 cordeiros Ile de France, em média, com 23,5kg de peso corporal. Os tratamentos foram: cana-de-açúcar in natura, cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com 0,6% de óxido de cálcio (CaO), sob condição aeróbica e cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada, com 0,6% de CaO, sob condição anaeróbica, constituindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram fornecidos aos animais, juntamente com o concentrado. Ambas as condições das hidrólises tiveram o intuito de alterar o padrão de fermentação da cana-de-açúcar e, com isso, melhorar a digestibilidade de suas fibras. Os cordeiros foram confinados em baias individuais e a dieta foi fornecida permitindo 10% de sobras. Estas sobras foram amostradas diariamente por cinco dias, bem como as fezes e urina foram coletadas para determinar a digestibilidade e o BN. Foi observado, para cordeiros alimentados com ANA, maior digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro, corrigido para proteína e cinzas (57,05%), matéria orgânica (85,39%), hemicelulose (72,09%), maior BN (29,46g dia-1 e 2,78g kg-0,75 dia-1) e taxa de nitrogênio absorvido (3,00g kg-0,75 dia-1), em comparação ao IN (41,17%, 73,76% e 53,80%, 21,39g dia-1, 2,00g kg-0.75 dia-1 e 2,22g kg-0.75 dia-1, respectivamente). Como volumoso, ANA otimiza o balanço de nitrogênio e é mais eficiente em melhorar a digestibilidade de alguns nutrientes, comparado à IN. AER tão eficiente quanto ANA e INFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Avaliação das crias de ovelhas leiteiras suplementadas com glicerina bruta veiculada à agua durante a gestação e lactação

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crude glycerin (CG) supplementation of dairy ewes during pregnancy and early lactation on the body weight and measurements of offspring from birth to weaning. Twenty-four lambs from 24 Lacaune x East Friesian genotype ewes were evaluated. The sheep were distributed in four treatments that differed in crude glycerin supplementation of 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%, as well as the concomitant adjustment of dry matter and water intake. Body measurements of lambs were recorded every two weeks from birth until weaning. Body weight was recorded daily. Multiple regression analysis revealed that supplementation with CG explained 5.2% of the variation in the weight of lambs at birth (LW), accompanied by the body condition score of the ewe (12.3%), sex of lamb (19.2%), and live weight of the ewes (26.5%); r2 was 63%. According to the predictions of the model adjusted for simulated scenarios, the leanest lambs were derived from ewes weighing between 40 and 50 kg, with body condition scores from 4 to 5, and that did not receive CG at intermediate levels. Heavier lambs, with LW above 5.5 kg, were derived from ewes that weighed between 80 to 90 kg with low body condition scores of 3, and that received 1.5% CG. Supplementation with CG between 2% and 4% improves the weight of the lambs at birth. Body measurements of lambs were not influenced by dietary supplementation of ewes with CG.Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da suplementação com glicerina bruta (GB) para ovelhas durante a gestação e início da lactação e seus efeitos sobre o peso e medidas corporais de suas crias do nascimento à desmama. Foram avaliados 24 cordeiros oriundos de 24 ovelhas do genótipo Lacaune x East Friesian distribuídas em quatro tratamentos que se diferenciaram quanto à suplementação de GB na dieta em (0; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5% de MS) sendo esta adicionada à água. As medidas biométricas dos cordeiros oriundos das mães avaliadas ocorreram quinzenalmente do dia do nascimento até o período da desmama, já o peso corporal foi avaliado diariamente. O estudo de regressão múltipla realizado constatou que o teor de GB na dieta das mães explicou 5,2% da variação no peso dos cordeiros ao nascer (PN), seguidas pelo escore corporal das mães (12,3%), sexo do cordeiro (19,2%) e peso vivo das mães (26,5%), totalizando r2 de 63%. Segundo predições do modelo ajustado para cenários simulados, cordeiros mais leves foram oriundos de ovelhas com peso entre 40 a 50 kg, escore 4 a 5 e que não receberam GB em níveis intermediários. Cordeiros mais pesados, com PN superior a 5,5, provinham de ovelhas pesadas, entre 80 e 90 kg com escore baixo e que receberam níveis de 1,5 e 3% de GB. A suplementação com GB entre 2% e 4% melhora o peso ao nascer dos cordeiros. As medidas corporais dos cordeiros não são influenciadas pela suplementação com GB na dieta das mães

Performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês pure lambs and crosses with Dorper e Texel at different management systems Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e cruzas com Dorper e Texel em diferentes sistemas de manejo

It was evaluated the performance and the carcass characteristics of 36 non-castrated male lambs, Santa Inês purebreed and crossbreeds from Dorper × Santa Inês and Texel × Santa Inês, managed in three different systems (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive), slaughtered at 38.41 ± 1.24 kg. It was observed the highest weight gain for lambs reared in intensive system, which also showed the greatest carcass yield. The management systems did not influence carcass measures of animals in intensive system much because of the greater weight of the carcass. The intensive system provided the best performance, regardless the genetic group. The use of Texel and Dorper breeds in crossings with Santa Inês increases carcass yield.Avaliaram-se o desempenho e as características de carcaça de 36 cordeiros machos não-castrados, Santa Inês puros e mestiços Dorper × Santa Inês e Texel × Santa Inês, manejados em três sistemas (intensivo semi-intensivo e extensivo) e abatidos com peso médio de 38,41 ± 1,24 kg. Os melhores ganhos de peso foram observados nos cordeiros criados em sistema intensivo, que apresentaram também os maiores pesos e rendimentos de carcaça. Poucas influências foram constatadas sobre as medidas de carcaça e dos cortes comerciais, sobretudo para maiores pesos nos cortes provenientes do manejo intensivo, proporcionado pelo maior peso da carcaça. O percentual relativo dos cortes em relação à carcaça fria praticamente não variou entre os sistemas. O sistema intensivo proporcionou melhor desempenho, independentemente do grupo genético. A utilização das raças Texel e Dorper em cruzamento com Santa Inês eleva o rendimento das carcaças

Fresh and matured lamb meat quality fed with sunflower seeds and vitamin E

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da carne de cordeiros Ile de France alimentados com dietas contendo grãos de girassol e vitamina E. Trinta e dois cordeiros pesando inicialmente 15kg foram alojados em baias individuais e abatidos ao atingir 32kg de peso corporal. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro dietas experimentais: D1) cana-de-açúcar + concentrado sem grãos de girassol; D2) cana-de-açúcar + concentrado com grãos de girassol; D3) cana-de-açúcar + concentrado grãos de girassol, mais 1000mg de vitamina E kg-1 de matéria seca (MS) da dieta; e D4) cana-de-açúcar + concentrado com grãos de girassol e 1000mg de vitamina E dieta kg-1 de MS. Os parâmetros temperatura, pH, cor, perda de peso ao cozimento, força de cisalhamento e capacidade de retenção de água foram determinados nos tempos de maturação de 0, 7 e 14 dias no músculo Longissimus dorsi. As características qualitativas da carne não foram afetadas pelas dietas contendo grãos de girassol combinado com vitamina E, no entanto, pH 24 horas foi afetado (P0,05) pelos tempos de dieta ou de maturação, por outro lado, a força de cisalhamento e capacidade de retenção de água foi significativamente afetada (P0.05) by diet or maturation times. on the other hand, shear force and water holding capacity were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. The use of vitamin E resulted in lamb meat with higher water holding capacity. Maturation time influenced the parameters pH, color and shear force. Lamb meat that matured for 7 days displayed the lowest shear force

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the non-carcass components and the meat of lambs fed sunflower seeds and vitamin E

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the weight and percentage of the non-carcass components and the mineral content (macro minerals and trace minerals), crude protein, ether extract, moisture and vitamin E of the heart, liver, tongue, lungs, reticulum, kidneys and meat from the longissimus dorsi of lambs in feedlot finishing. Thirty-two non-castrated Ile de France male lambs, fed diets containing sunflower seeds and vitamin E from 15 to 32 kg of body weight were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The weight of the gastrointestinal tract was higher in the lambs fed diets containing vitamin E (10%). No difference was observed in the liver as to the mineral matter, crude protein, ether extract, moisture (2.01; 20.03; 2.39 and 74.78 g/100 g, respectively), the macro minerals and trace minerals, except iron. In the tongue, lungs, reticulum, kidneys and meat there was no in fluence of diets in the studied variables. The liver and the meat presented different values of crude protein (20.01 and 18.34 g/100 g, respectively), and the heart (1.03 mg/100 g) showed a higher content of vitamin E. High contents of manganese, zinc and copper were observed in the liver. The evaluated non-carcass components were nutritionally equal to the sheep meat, once, in addition to their high yield in relation to the body weight at slaughter, the non-carcass components are sources of nutrients

Desempenho, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e características quantitativas da carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com grãos de girassol e vitamina E

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quantitative traits of lambs fed diets with and without sunflower seeds and vitamin E. Thirty-two uncastrated lambs at approximately 60 days of age, with 15 ± 0.2 kg, were housed in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32.0 ± 0.2 kg body weight. Treatments consisted of the following four diets: C = sugarcane + concentrate; CS = sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds; CE = sugarcane + concentrate with 1,000 mg vitamin E kg-1 diet dry matter (DM); and CSE = sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds and 1,000 mg vitamin E kg-1 diet DM. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with and without sunflower seeds and with or without vitamin E, on the diet DM basis), and means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance level. Consumption of vitamin E intake by the lambs provided (P 0.05) carcass morphological or quantitative measurements. Sunflower seeds and vitamin E showed to be satisfactory alternatives for inclusion in the concentrate for feedlot lambs, providing good performance and quality carcasses.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e as características quantitativas da carcaça de cordeiros submetidos a dietas contendo ou não grãos de girassol e vitamina E. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos não castrados com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade e 15 ± 0,2 kg, alojados em baias individuais e abatidos aos 32,0 ± 0,2 kg de peso corporal. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro rações: C- cana-de-açúcar + concentrado; CG- cana-de-açúcar + concentrado com grãos de girassol; CE- cana-de-açúcar + concentrado com 1000 mg vitamina E kg-1 de matéria seca (MS) da ração e CGE- cana-de-açúcar + concentrado com grãos de girassol e 1000 mg vitamina E kg-1 de MS da ração. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (com ou sem grãos de girassol e com ou sem vitamina E na base da MS da ração) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. O consumo de vitamina E pelos cordeiros melhorou o ganho médio diário de peso (0,241 kg). A inclusão dos grãos de girassol proporcionou (P 0,05) nas medidas morfológicas e quantitativas da carcaça. Grãos de girassol e vitamina E mostraram-se fontes alternativas satisfatórias para inclusão no concentrado para cordeiros confinados, proporcionando bom desempenho e carcaças com boa qualidade

Economic analysis, performance, and feed efficiency in feedlot lambs

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate residual feed intake (RFI), residual intake and body weight gain (RIG) and their relationship with other traits of efficiency, performance, and economic analysis of sheep. Lambs (n = 102) were evaluated during 56 days and a herd consisting of 500 ewes was simulated with the mean of dry matter intake (DMI) and final body weight of the lambs, the same as that of the experimental lambs. The lambs were fed hay-based diet of Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), corn, and soybean in the voluminous:concentrate ratio of 35:65. Residual feed intake and RIG were correlated with DMI, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency. Residual intake and body weight gain were positively correlated with average daily gain, relative growth rate, and Kleiber's rate. The most efficient production systems (lower RFI and higher RIG) had lower costs and higher profit margins. The net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were higher in systems with more efficient lambs. In systems with less efficient lambs, NPV and IRR were negative and lower, respectively. Efficient animals for RFI and RIG showed satisfactory performance and better economic results

Economic analysis, performance, and feed efficiency in feedlot lambs

<div><p>ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate residual feed intake (RFI), residual intake and body weight gain (RIG) and their relationship with other traits of efficiency, performance, and economic analysis of sheep. Lambs (n = 102) were evaluated during 56 days and a herd consisting of 500 ewes was simulated with the mean of dry matter intake (DMI) and final body weight of the lambs, the same as that of the experimental lambs. The lambs were fed hay-based diet of Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), corn, and soybean in the voluminous:concentrate ratio of 35:65. Residual feed intake and RIG were correlated with DMI, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency. Residual intake and body weight gain were positively correlated with average daily gain, relative growth rate, and Kleiber's rate. The most efficient production systems (lower RFI and higher RIG) had lower costs and higher profit margins. The net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were higher in systems with more efficient lambs. In systems with less efficient lambs, NPV and IRR were negative and lower, respectively. Efficient animals for RFI and RIG showed satisfactory performance and better economic results.</p></div

Feeding behavior of lambs fed with diets containing mulberry hay

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding behavior of lambs fed with diets containing 0, 12.5 and 25.0% of mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Twenty four Ile de France lambs, non castrated, with 25 kg of body weight and four months old, confined, in a completely randomized design, were used. The feeding daily time (242.01 minutes), rumination (435.48 minutes) and leisure (762.50 minutes), the numbers of cakes ruminated per day (658.36) and the time spent per cake (40.03 sec) were not affected (P>0.05) by different levels of hay in mulberry concentrate. The dry matter voluntary intake (1.258 kg/day) and neutral detergent fiber intake (0.302 kg/day), as well as the efficiency of dry matter intake and rumination (316.24 and 173.54 g/h, respectively) and efficiency of neutral detergent fiber intake and rumination (75.89 and 41.68 g/h, respectively) were similar in all treatments. The ruminating chew expressed in hour/day (11.29) and the number of chews expressed per cake (72.65) and per day (47.638.06), as well as the number and the feeding time (22.02 meals and 11.23 min/meal), rumination (25.95 ruminations and 17.29 min/rumination) and idle (41.81 idle and 18.30 min/idle time), were also not affected (P>0.05). The inclusion of mulberry hay did not change the rumination expressed in g of DM and NDF/cake (1.91 and 0.46, respectively) and min/kg of DM and NDF (361.51 and 1.505.78, respectively), as well as the total chew expressed in min/kg of DM and NDF (563.70 and 2.347.19, respectively). The use of mulberry hay partially replacing the concentrated, does not change the feeding behavior of feedlot lambs