ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA REFERENSI BAHASA IKLAN : KAJIAN WACANA

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi  oleh adanya penggunaan kesalahan berbahasa referensi pada Bahasa iklan yang terdapat dalam kajian wacana. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti lebih terfokus pada kesalahan berbahasa yang digunakan dalam referensi Bahasa iklan yang terdapat dalam kajian wacana yang perlu diteliti agar dapat memperbaiki kesalahan berbahasa yang digunakan dalam Bahasa iklan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan berbahasa referensi pada bahasan iklan dalam kajian wacana. Sumber penelitian ini adalah kesalahan berbahasa referensi yang terdapat dalam iklan yang disajikan peneliti dalam bentuk gambar atau tampilan iklan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknis analisis data yang terdapat pada Bahasa iklan yang digunakan. Adapun Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Teknik membaca dan menyimak serta menganalisis data yang diperoleh dalam Bahasa iklan. Temuan hasil penelitian dalam kesalahan berbahasa referensi pada Bahasa iklan lebih memfokuskan pada Bahasa iklan yang digunakan dan dikaji dengan menggunakan analisis kesalahan berbahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar.  Adapun hasil data yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini ada 10 iklan yang digunakan sebagai sampel dan referensi untuk dikaji dalam kesalahan berbahasa pada iklan. Hasil data yang diperoleh terdapat banyak kesalahan berbahasa yang digunakan dalam Bahasa iklan sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat kualitas dalam analisis berbahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar

PHARMACISTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT THEIR ROLES IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAM IN MEDAN, INDONESIA

Objectives: to assess the pharmacists' perception about their roles in tuberculosis (TB) control program in Medan, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the pharmacists' perception about their roles in TB control program in Medan, Indonesia using a validated questionnaire. The pharmacists involved in this study (n=117) were asked to choose answering yes, no or do not know for their perception on their roles in TB control program. The collected data consisted of demographics (gender, age, place of practice, and working experience) and the pharmacists' perception on their roles in TB control program were organized and analyzed by applying descriptive and Chi-square analyses using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19, Chicago, IL, USA) (p value <0.05 was considered significant).Results: Mean age of the participants was 38.6 (standard deviation=11.7) years. Most of them (76.1%) were female. Distribution of the participants by place of practice:  pharmacy, 78.6%; hospital, 20.5%. Most of them (63.2%) have heard about directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) program. More than 90% of them realized that they could play their roles as providers, managers of anti-TB drugs, drug informans, ensurers for adherence to the TB treatment, educators for patients and publics on TB and its treatment. Only 26.5% of them knew that they could also play their role as inventors of early suspected TB in the community.Conclusion: The study proved that the pharmacists' roles could be utilized and enhanced to optimize TB control programs in Indonesia.Keywords: Pharmacists' role, Tuberculosis, DOTS Progra

Succesfulness of Controlling and Prevention of Leprosy in Aceh Tenggara Regency, Indonesia

Leprosy remains as a health problem in Indonesia. This retrospective descriptive study analyzed the succesfulness of controlling and prevention of leprosy by Deparment of Health Aceh Tenggara Regency (DHATR), Indonesia period 2010 to 2019. The required data (n=125) were extracted from the DHATR databases using a self-designed questionnaire. The new cases, grade 2 disability  rate, recovery rate with  multi-drug therapy (MDT), isolation measures for leprosy patients, bacille calmette-guerin (BCG)  vaccination for the patients’ families, and tertiary prevention were analyzed using a cohort analysis. Succesfulness of the program was analyzed by referring the study results  with the National Guidelines for Eradicating Leprosy (NGEL). Of the 125 patients, 62.4% were male. The new cases found for period: 2010 to 2016, > 5/100,000 population; 2017 to 2019, < 5/100,000 population. The incidence of level 2 disability period 2010 to 2019 was less than 25 cases/10 years and recovery in paucibacillary leprosy (PBL) and multibacillary leprosy (MBL) from 2010 to 2019 reached 100%. The incidence of MBL was higher than that of PBL at the age range of 1 to 70 years.There was no patients isolated and vaccinated during that period. The controlling and prevention  of leprosy in DHATR was in accordance with the NGEL

Implications of Hasad Traits in Student Character Education at Alwashliyah University

The aim of this research is to determine the implications of the nature of evil on student character education. The purpose of Allah SWT forbidding someone from having this inner attitude is none other than to educate and develop humans themselves so that they become people who can build good relationships with Allah and with fellow humans. Islam wants human life to be in harmony with God, with each other, and with the natural environment. The results of this research show that the impact or consequences of hasad do not only affect the person who is the object of the act, but also the perpetrator. There are several forms of impact of this hasad on the perpetrators

Impact of pharmacist counseling on the clinical outcomes in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients admitted to a hospital

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus remains a global health problem due to its poor clinical outcomes, high morbidity, and mortality caused by many complicated problems, one of which is the ineffective role of pharmacists in providing counselling to DM patients Methods: This pre and post cohort study analyzed the impact of pharmacist counselling on the blood glucose level and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) of T2DM outpatients (n=88) admitted to Asahan General Hospital period June to December 2022. Counselling provided comprised the importance of medication adherence and non-pharmacological approaches. Characteristics, BGLs and HbA1C of the patients were extracted from their medical records before and after counselling using a predetermined questionnaire. Characteristics of the patients were descriptively analyzed. Results: The significance of the counselling on these outcomes was analyzed by applying Wilcoxon test (p <0.05 was considered significant). The mean age of the patients was 57.89±9.75 (years). Most (57.95%) of them were female. Proportion of the patients with controlled BGLs (%): before counselling, 27.7; after counselling, 89.8. Proportion of the patients with controlled HbA1C (%): before counselling, 27.3; after counselling, 89.8. Pharmacist counselling significantly improved the clinical outcomes of T2DM patients, p=0.000. Conclusions: Pharmacist counselling plays an important role to improve BGLs and HbA1C in T2DM patients which can finally improve their quality of life

DRUG THERAPY PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE OUTPATIENTS ADMITTED TO FOUR INDONESIAN PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive utilization and drug therapy problems (DTPs) in the treatment of patients withhypertension.Methods: This prospective analytical study used a self-determined questionnaire to collect 2-month period data of hypertensive patients (n=107)admitted to four primary health centers in Medan (Medan Deli, Helvetia, Glugur Darat, and Teladan). Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosedwith hypertension, age ≥18 years, and under treatment of antihypertensive drugs. Data collected include gender, age, education, the administeredantihypertensive drugs, and DTPs. Characteristics of the patients were descriptively analyzed. DTPs were identified based on strand classificationsystem and trustable literature. All analyzes were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19, Chicago, IL, USA)(p<0.05 was considered significant).Results: Characteristics of the patients: Male, 25.2%; female, 74.8%; mean age, 61.6±10.3 (years). Education: Primary school, 25.2%; junior highschool, 17.8%; senior high school, 43.9%; university, 13.1%. The most frequently provided antihypertensive drugs were amlodipine (47.7%) andcaptopril (22.4%). Overall, there were 66 DTPs experienced by 45.8% of the patients. Patients experienced: 1 DTP, 75.5%; 2 DTPs, 18.3%; 3 DTPs,2.1%; 4 DTPs, 4.1%. There was no significant association between the patients' education and DTPs, p=0.88. The most frequently occurred DTP (47%)was indication without drug therapy in which patients with hypertension Stage 2 only received single antihypertensive drugs mostly was captopril.Conclusion: The most frequently provided antihypertensive drug was captopril. DTPs in the management of hypertensive patients are still high inprimary health centers in Medan and need to be resolved.Keywords: Hypertension, Drug therapy problems, Strand classification

PHARMACEAUTICAL CARE IMPROVED THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENT WITH HEMODIALYSIS

Objective: Patients undergoing hemodialysis in the long term often experience complications that affect the quality of life (QOL) of the patients. Comprehensive health services are very important for improving the QOL of the patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The purpose of this study was to prove that the provision of therapy with pharmaceutical care can improve the QOL of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study pre and post test design. Samples were recruited applying the purposive sampling method. As many as 50 patients met the inclusion criteria and were asked to fill out the World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire to measure their QOLs before and after the provisions of pharmaceutical care. Data obtained before and after pharmaceutical care were tested using paired t test, person correlation test, and Wilcoxon test in the program of SPSS 19. Results: The results showed women more often experience complications when hemodialysis (62%), sex with quality of life (p = 0.907), education with quality of life (p = 0.277), work with quality of life (p = 0.582) length of undergoing hemodialysis with quality life (p = 0.733) no significant effect. Age (p = 0.044) significantly influences quality of life. And the average quality of life before administration of pharmacy and care was 48.12±5.98, while the quality of life after administration of therapy with pharmaceutical care was 50.16±6.22. Based on the Wilcoxon test, this value was significantly different (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the provision of therapy accompanied by pharmaceutical care significantly improves the quality of life of hemodialysis patients

TEORI DAN IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 MODEL MEDAN

Abstrak: Pendidikan Multikultural sebagai cara pandang tentang realitas, bahwa realitas itu majemuk sehingga pendidikan multicultural merupakan respons terhadap perkembangan keragaman populasi sekolah, sebagaimana tuntutan persamaan hak bagi setiap kelompok. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan pesrta didik untuk bersikap terbuka dan inklusif, dalam arti memahami dan menerima perbedaan, mampu menghargai orang lain yang berbeda suku, ras, agama, budaya, dan kelas sosial. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif karena metode ini menggunakan data yang diambil melalui wawancara terhadap pihak yang dinilai dapat memberikan informasi dan data akurat. Untuk itu, dalam mengkaji tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan teori James Banks. Menurut james Banks Pendidikan Multikultural merupakan sebuah ide, sebuah gerakan reformasi pendidikan dan proses. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian dalam tulisan ini, menemukan bahwa MAN 1 Medan sudah melaksanakan pendidikan yang multicultural. Di sisi lain, sekolah perlu melakukan dialog dengan menempatkan setiap peradaban dan kebudayaan yang ada pada posisi sejajar. Kedua, sekolah perlu mengembangkan toleransi untuk memberikan kesempatan masing-masing kebudayaan saling memahami. Kata kunci: Teori, Pendidikan, Multikultural

Pharmacists Intervention Reduced Drug-Related Problems in the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains as a global public health problem, including Indonesia due to its continuous increasing prevalence. AIM: To analyze the impact of pharmacist intervention on drug-related problems (DRPs) occurred in the management of patients with T2DM admitted to Tebing Tinggi Hospital (TTH), Indonesia, period March through August 2018. METHODS: This six-month retrospective prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of pharmacist intervention on the occurrence of DRPs in the management of patients with T2DM (n = 45) insured by Social Security Organizing Body in TTH, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were T2DM patients with age ≥ 18 years and under treatment of antidiabetic drugs. A questionnaire was used to assess the characteristics of the patients and antidiabetic drugs provided. The incidence of DRPs in groups with usual care for the previous three-month and with pharmacist interventions for the next three-month admissions were analyzed using Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) DRP classification system version 8.01 that consists of 3 primary domains for problems, 8 primary domains for causes, and 5 primary domains (PCNE, 2017) and trustable literatures. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t test in the program of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19 (p < 0.05 was considered significant). RESULTS: Most (66.7%) of the patients were female. Their mean age was 61.96 ± 6.45 (years). The three most widely provided drugs were metformin, glimepirid, and gliclazide. Total incidence of DRPs in groups with: usual care, 128; intervention, 39. There was a significant difference between the incidence of DRPs in groups with usual care and intervention, p ≤ 0.001. CONCLUSION: Pharmacist intervention reduced the incidence of DRPs in the management of T2DM patients