Capturing the Formation of Sub-nanometer Sized CdS Clusters in LTL Zeolite

The radiolytic preparation of sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters in LTL-type zeolite crystals in suspension is reported. The growing process of CdS in the zeolite crystals using a γ-ray irradiator (low dose rate) and a pulse electron accelerator (high dose rate) is followed by UV–vis spectroscopy. The pulse electron accelerator equipped with a transient absorption setup allowed the real-time capturing of CdS formed in the zeolite suspension. Two distinct stages during the formation of sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters in the LTL-type zeolite are identified: (i) fast formation of dispersed small oligomers exhibiting a well-defined sharp absorption peak, which is shifted from 292 to 350 nm in the course of the growth process, and (ii) formation of interconnected CdS clusters along the zeolite channels by diffusion-assisted process. Additionally, the presence of sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters in the zeolite channels is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters formed in the LTL-type zeolite suspension exhibit good stability under hydrous conditions, and no coalesce in the presence of water is observed

Prognostic impact of tumour–stroma ratio in early‐stage oral tongue cancers

Abstract Aims: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has a relatively poor outcome, and there is a need to identify better prognostic factors. Recently, tumour–stroma ratio (TSR) has been associated with prognosis in several cancers. The aim of this multi‐institutional study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TSR from original haematoxylin and eosin (HE)‐stained tumour‐resection slides in a series of early‐stage (cT1‐2N0) OTSCC patients. Methods and results: A TSR cutoff value of 50% was used to divide the patients into stroma‐rich (≥50%) and stroma‐poor (<50%) groups. The relationships between TSR and clinicopathological characteristics of 311 early‐stage OTSCC cases were analysed. The prognostic value of TSR in OTSCC was calculated separately and in combination with a previously published cancer cell budding and depth of invasion (BD) prognostic model. A total of 89 cases (28.6%) belonged to the stroma‐rich group. In a multivariate analysis, the stroma‐rich group had worse disease‐free survival, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.81 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–2.79, P = 0.008], and higher cancer‐related mortality (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.02–2.86, P = 0.03). The combination of the highest‐risk parameter scores of TSR and the BD model showed significant correlations with recurrence rate (HR 3.42, 95% CI 1.71–6.82, P = 0.004) and cancer‐related mortality (HR 11.63, 95% CI 3.83–35.31, P < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that TSR is a simple histopathological feature that is useful for prognostication of early‐stage OTSCC, and suggest that TSR analyses in association with BD score could be included in routine clinical pathology reports for HE‐stained slides

Capturing the formation of sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters in LTL zeolite

The radiolytic preparation of sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters in LTL-type zeolite crystals in suspension is reported. The growing process of CdS in the zeolite crystals using a γ-ray irradiator (low dose rate) and a pulse electron accelerator (high dose rate) is followed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The pulse electron accelerator equipped with a transient absorption setup allowed the real-time capturing of CdS formed in the zeolite suspension. Two distinct stages during the formation of sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters in the LTL-type zeolite are identified: (i) fast formation of dispersed small oligomers exhibiting a well-defined sharp absorption peak, which is shifted from 292 to 350 nm in the course of the growth process, and (ii) formation of interconnected CdS clusters along the zeolite channels by diffusion-assisted process. Additionally, the presence of sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters in the zeolite channels is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sub-nanometer sized CdS clusters formed in the LTL-type zeolite suspension exhibit good stability under hydrous conditions, and no coalesce in the presence of water is observed