Consolidação de carga no transporte rodoviário : uma proposta on-line

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cassius Tadeu ScarpinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. Defesa : Curitiba, 27/05/2021Inclui referências: p. 85-89Resumo: A consolidação de cargas é a ação de agrupar carregamentos em um determinado ponto, para uma ou mais entregas, sendo a origem das cargas em um ou mais fornecedores e o destino em um ou mais clientes. Objetiva-se com a consolidação obter resultados que signifiquem maior aproveitamento da capacidade de carregamento dos veículos, em relação a peso e volume. No geral, embora tenhase a percepção que a consolidação de carga aumenta o custo devido a: aumento do manuseio da carga para trocar de veículo; necessidade de se ter um local adequado para essa operação; e possível aumento do tempo total de viagem de uma certa carga, o custo total terá uma grande probabilidade de redução. Esta redução pode ocorrer basicamente por dois fatores complementares entre si: 1) melhor utilização da capacidade dos veículos e 2) melhor aproveitamento de utilização da frota. Estimase que os custos de movimentação do veículo, como os custos com combustíveis, por exemplo, representam os maiores percentuais do custo logístico, assim, ao carregar melhor cada veículo, a utilização da frota tenderá a ser minimizada. Trabalhos relacionados à consolidação de cargas no modal rodoviário são abordados desde a década de 1970, pois considera-se uma estratégia diferencial para transportadoras. Este trabalho trata a consolidação de carga no transporte rodoviário do Brasil. Apresenta-se as diferentes abordagens utilizadas na literatura, evidenciando as técnicas de solução, as metodologias e seus resultados. A metodologia proposta é baseada no desenvolvimento de uma matheurística para obtenção da solução do problema de consolidação de carga no transporte rodoviário. Esta estratégia utiliza inicialmente uma heurística para criação de caminhos entre pontos de origem e destino em um grafo. Esses caminhos são parâmetros do modelo exato de Programação Linear Inteira Mista (PLIM), para diminuir a quantidade de combinações de deslocamento entre uma origem e um destino, em relação ao modelo utilizando o grafo completo. Para fins de comparação, com intenção inovadora e direcionada aos conceitos da Indústria 4.0, todo o framework de solução foi desenvolvido na plataforma de programação em nuvem OutSystems. O modelo exato foi resolvido pelo solver Gurobi, por meio de uma API para integração com o OutSystems. A programação do modelo exato foi desenvolvida em linguagem C#, com gerenciamento na nuvem. Os resultados indicaram pouca variação no valor da função objetivo para replicações dos cenários de teste. Foi possível solucionar uma instância com 40 demandas e 10 terminais para consolidação em até 38s, para um dos cenários resolvidos. Demonstrou-se pequeno impacto, em acréscimo de tempo, para resolver este problema de maneira on-line. Palavras-chave: Consolidação de Carga. Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos 4.0. Programação em Nuvem. Programação Linear Inteira Mista. Matheurística.Abstract: Cargo consolidation consists in grouping shipments at a given point, for one or more deliveries, with the origin of the cargo at one or more suppliers and the destination at one or more customers. The consolidation aims to obtain results that mean greater use of the truck's loading capacity, in terms of weight and volume. In general, although there is a perception that cargo consolidation increases the cost due to: increased cargo handling to change vehicles; the need to have an adequate location for this operation; and possible increase in the total travel time of a certain cargo, the total cost has a great probability of reduction. This reduction can occur basically due to two complementary factors: 1) better utilization of vehicle capacity and 2) better utilization of the fleet. It is estimated that vehicle handling costs, such as fuel costs, for example, represent the highest percentages of the logistical cost, thus, when loading each vehicle better, the use of the fleet will tend to be minimized. Work related to cargo consolidation in the road modal has been approached since the 1970s, as it is considered a differential technique for carriers. This work deals with cargo consolidation in Brazilian road transport. The different approaches used in the literature are presented, showing the solution techniques, the methodologies, and their respective results. The proposed methodology is based on the development of a matheuristic to obtain a solution to the problem of cargo consolidation in road transport. This strategy initially uses a heuristic to create several paths between points of origin and destination in a graph. These paths are parameters of the exact Mixed Integer Linear Programming (PLIM) model, to decrease the number of combinations between a source and a destination, in relation to using the complete graph. With an innovative intention and directed to the concepts of Industry 4.0, the entire solution framework was developed on the OutSystems cloud programming platform. The exact model was solved by the Gurobi solver, through an API for integration with OutSystems. The programming of the exact model was developed in C # language, with management in the cloud. The results indicated little variation in the value of the objective function for replicating the test scenarios. It was possible to solve an instance with 40 demands and 10 terminals for consolidation in up to 38s, for one of the solved scenarios. Little impact has been demonstrated, in addition to time, to solve this problem online. Keywords: Cargo Consolidation. Supply Chain Management 4.0. Cloud Programming. Mixed Integer Linear Programming. Matheuristics

Análise comparativa do processamento de chapas de aço para a construção de painéis em estaleiros navais

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Joinville. Engenharia Naval.A construção naval é basicamente dividida em cinco etapas, a de fabricação (corte de chapas de aço ou alumínio), submontagem (soldagem de painéis), montagem (soldagem de blocos), edificação (união de blocos) e acabamento, estando a instalação de outfittings presente nas últimas três etapas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é compreender, expor e comparar os processos envolvidos na construção de painéis em dois diferentes estaleiros, um estaleiro da marinha mexicana, localizado na cidade de Tampico, e um estaleiro comercial da costa catarinense, localizado em Itajaí. Como a margem de lucro na construção naval é extremamente pequena, todo e qualquer tipo de melhoria e consequente economia no processo construtivo deve ser buscado, sendo a comparação entre estaleiros um ótimo meio de encontrar oportunidades de melhoria em seus processos. Este trabalho é um estudo de caso múltiplo. No estaleiro mexicano foram realizados três meses de estágio, passando por todos os setores envolvidos na construção, portanto possibilitando uma análise mais completa do processo construtivo, já no estaleiro catarinense foram realizadas visitas pontuais, analisando somente o processamento de chapas envolvido na construção de painéis. Como resultado, teremos um trabalho dividido em dois estaleiros com grandes diferenças tecnológicas, sendo o maior ponto de diferença a maneira como são soldados os perfis, já que um realiza técnicas de soldagem manual, e o outro utiliza uma moderna estação de soldagem automatizada. Esses resultados poderão contribuir para a otimização da construção naval em diversos estaleiros.The shipbuilding is basically divided into five stages: manufacturing (cutting of steel or aluminum sheets), sub-assembly (welding of panels), assembly (welding of blocks), building (joining of blocks) and finishing, being the outfittings present in the last three stages. The objective of the present research is to understand, to expose and to compare the processes involved in the construction of panels in two different shipyards, a shipyard of the Mexican navy located in the city of Tampico and a commercial shipyard of the coast of Santa Catarina, located in Itajaí. As the profit margin in shipbuilding is extremely small, any improvements and consequent savings in the construction process should be pursued, and the comparison between shipyards is a great way to find opportunities for improvements in their processes. This work is a multiple case study. In the Mexican shipyard, three months of internship were carried out, passing through all sectors involved in the construction, thus allowing a more complete analysis of the construction process, and on the other shipyard in Santa Catarina, there were carried out punctual visits, analyzing only the processing of plates involved in the construction of panels. As a result, it will be a work divided in two shipyards with great technological differences, being the biggest point of difference the way the profiles are welded, where one performs manual welding techniques and the other uses a modern automated welding station. These results may contribute to the optimization of shipbuilding in several shipyards

Retrofitting of Box Section Concrete Beams to Resist Shear and Torsion Using Near-Surface-Mount (NSM) GFRP Stirrups

There are a few kinds of research about box section Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams under the effect of combined shear and torsional stresses. In the present research, the concept of adding external strengthening, in the transverse direction, is adopted. The paper focuses on using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer GFRP ropes as near-surface mount stirrups. Nine box-section concrete specimens were decanted and tested. Three variables are adopted, (1) GFRP stirrups diameter, (2) GFRP stirrups inclination, and (3) GFRP stirrups spacing. The experimental results showed considerable enhancement in the shear capacity of the strengthened beams by 8 to 56% depending on the effectiveness of the studied parameters. Ductility and toughness were improved when more intensive strengthening schemes were adopted. The shear capacity of all tested beams based on Egyptian code ECP 208–2019 is calculated and compared with that from American code ACI 440–2019 and Canadian code CSA-A23.3-04. The shear capacity from both Egyptian and American codes compared with experimental loads. The analytical results are conservative in some cases and unconservative in others while the analytical results in general are conservative. The Canadian code CSA-A23.3-04 is unconservative compared to the experimental results for the range of the studied parameters and specimens. &nbsp

New methodology to detect the effects of emotions on different biometrics in real time

Recently, some problems have appeared among medical workers during the diagnosis of some diseases due to human errors or the lack of sufficient information for the diagnosis. In medical diagnosis, doctors always resort to separating human emotions and their impact on vital parameters. In this paper, a methodology is presented to measure vital parameters more accurately while studying the effect of different human emotions on vital signs. Two designs were implemented based on the microcontroller and National Instruments (NI) myRIO. Measurements of four different vital parameters are measured and recorded in real time. At the same time, the effects of different emotions on those vital parameters are recorded and stored for use in analysis and early diagnosis. The results proved that the proposed methodology can contribute to the prediction and diagnosis of the initial symptoms of some diseases such as the seventh nerve and Parkinson’s disease. The two proposed designs are compared with the reference device (beurer) results. The design using NI myRIO achieved more accurate results and a response time of 1.4 seconds for real-time measurements compared to its counterpart based on microcontrollers, which qualifies it to work in intensive care units

Medical system based on thermal optical system and neural network

Military personnel in the training or operational phases always need constant medical examination, but the presence of efficient medical care is difficult to implement in real-time for such cases. A wireless system for thermal tracking of soldiers was proposed, as well as tracking their vital signs in real time. Thermal cameras are used with an optical system designed to increase the accuracy of the thermal images captured as the change in the electro-cardiogram, heart rate, and temperature measurements are measured using a specially designed circuit. The results from both the thermal system and the biometric system are combined and sent to a computer for analysis using a model prepared with neural network technology. The proposed system was tested, and a database was created for 127 males and 110 females during training and rest times. The neural network model achieved a response time of 85 seconds until the release of the final analysis, and the accuracy of the proposed tracking system is 96%. The main contribution of this paper is the design of an integrated portable system for rapid, in-field, real-time military medical diagnostics

Numerical Investigations of parabolic trough collectors using different nanofluids

This paper presents three dimensional numericalsimulations of parabolic trough collectors (PTC) based on twolow-Reynolds eddy viscosity turbulence models, namely;Launder and Sharma k-epsilon and k-omega SST models. Forthe simulations, water was used as the Heat Transfer Fluid(HTF) with four different nanoparticles; Al2O3, TiO2, CuO andCu. Different volume fractions () of the nanoparticles wereinvestigated for various Reynolds (Re) numbers with uniformheat flux. Results showed that the overall performance of thesystem is more sensitive to changes in the thermal properties ofnanofluid than the thermal properties of the HTF. At a volumefraction of 6% and a Re number of 70,000, the Nusselt number(Nu) enhancement of nanofluids TiO2-water, Al2O3-water, CuOwater and Cu-water were found to be 21.5%, 20.2%, 18.11%and 15.7% respectively while the performance evaluationcriteria (PEC) were 1.214, 1.2, 1.18 and 1.155 respectively

Understanding drought as a physical phenomenon experienced by farmers: a necessity for adaptation management and sustainable rural development. The case of the Central Beqaa in Lebanon

The relationship between agriculture and its natural environment is an important starting point for defining drought from an agricultural perspective. Indeed, farmers may perceive drought, as a climatic risk, differently. This could depend on the physical environment of the farmer, the type and degree of involvement in his agricultural activities as well as the level of impact on his financial well-being (Ashraf and Routray, 2013). In Lebanon and particularly in the Beqaa plain, the majority of agricultural areas are strongly related to groundwater resources during the summer period. Due to the lack of sustainable local development, these resources would be threatened in the case of a probable climate change or a human factor allowing a possible evolution of water stress in the region. Questioning the origin of this phenomenon and its definition from the farmer's point of view can help us to better understand this problem. The objective of this study is therefore to identify the drought by crossing the human and physical elements in the perimeter of the study area.La relation entre l'agriculture et son environnement naturel est un point de départ important pour définir la sécheresse d'un point de vue agricole. En effet, la sécheresse, en tant que risque climatique, peut être perçue différemment par les agriculteurs. Cela pourrait dépendre de l'environnement physique de l'agriculteur, du type et du degré d'implication dans ses activités agricoles ainsi que du niveau d'impact sur son bien-être financier (Ashraf et Routray, 2013). Au Liban et particulièrement dans la plaine de la Beqaa, la majorité des zones agricoles sont fortement liées aux ressources en eau souterraine pendant la période estivale. En raison de l'absence de développement local durable, ces ressources seraient menacées dans le cas d'un probable changement climatique ou d'un facteur humain permettant une possible évolution du stress hydrique dans la région. S'interroger sur l'origine de ce phénomène et sa définition du point de vue de l'agriculteur peut nous aider à mieux comprendre ce problème. L’objectif de cette étude est donc d'identifier la sécheresse en croisant les éléments humains et physiques dans le périmètre de la zone d'étude

Assessing the Role of Foreign Labour on Saudi Labour Unemployment in Saudi Arabia

Saudi labour unemployment is a very serious issue in Saudi Arabia which is further increasing with over dependence on foreign labour. This study empirically investigates this issue by employing ARDL cointegration technique on a sample period of 1980-2015. Our estimates suggest that foreign labour, wage rate and female participation are responsible for an increasing Saudi labour unemployment. On the other hand, number of graduates and government social security benefits are helping in combating Saudi labour unemployment. Therefore, our study recommends the Saudi government to control foreign labour inflows up to some reasonable limit, to rationalize the minimum wage rate and to increase spending on education and social security benefits. Social Security Benefits; Cointegratio

Green Human Resource Management, Financial Markets and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia

Financial markets play an important role in accelerating the economic activities in any country but it may also harm environment if financial funds are invested in the project which are environment friendly. Further, Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) may help in reducing Co2 emissions.  This paper examines the influences of Financial Market Development (FMD) and GHRM on the pollution of Saudi Arabia. We explore this by using cointegration on time-series of 1971-2016. Results of this study corroborate that FMD and Economic Growth (EG) are positively contributing in CO2 emissions and GHRM is helping in reducing. We recommend the financial sector to provide concessional loans to the projects which are using clean energy technology and GHRM needs attention to support clean environment. Keywords: Financial Market Development; Co2 Emissions; Economic Growth  JEL Classifications: D53; Q53; O4

Synthesis and biological evaluation of phthalimide dithiocarbamate and dithioate derivatives as anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic agents-I

A facile synthesis of new phthalimide dithiocarbamate and dithioate analogs 8a-j, 9a-e and 9g-j were achieved by the reaction of N-chloromethyl and N-bromoethylphthalimide with carbon disulfide (CS2) and various amines. The structures of the synthesized analogs were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and ESI-HRMS techniques. The antiproliferative activity of the newly synthesized compounds was also evaluated against various human cancer cell lines. The compound 9e and 9i exhibited the highest activity against human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Compound 8f showed better antiproliferative effect against colon carcinoma HCT-116 and cervical carcinoma HeLa compared to thalidomide. The binding affinity to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) of some compounds was assessed in addition to molecular docking study. Compounds 9e and 9i showed high docking score values and they significantly declined the concentration of VEGFR