Micromechanically Based Constitutive Relations for Polycrystalline Solids

A basic method to estimate the overall mechanical response of solids which contain periodically distributed defects is presented. The method estimates the shape and growth pattern of voids periodically distributed over the grain boundaries in a viscous matrix. The relaxed moduli are obtained for a polycrytalline solid that undergoes relaxation by grain boundary sliding which accounts for the interaction effects. The overall inelastic nonlinear response at elevated temperatures in terms of a model which considers nonlinear power law creep within the grains, and linear viscous flow in the grain boundaries is discussed

Understanding public perceptions of different options to fund the highway system

2014 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.The purpose of this research was to generate an understanding of the public perceptions of different revenue generation systems that are already in use or that have the potential to be used in the future, and to educate the public on the different revenue generation systems. In addition, this study tested a number of hypotheses that were focused on finding relationships (correlations) between the choice of funding option to support the highway system in the United States and the demographic information. A survey method was used to explore this topic. The survey instrument was sent to 15,945 people representing five states: Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming (Mountain-Plains Consortium states) via mail. Only 1,190 surveys were received, 27 were eliminated due to various issues, and 1,163 were posted as completed surveys resulting in a response rate of 7.30 %. Data analysis of the results consisted of performing descriptive and inferential statistics and running chi-square tests for correlation analysis. The results of this survey indicate that the public in the states of Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming selected "increasing the federal gas tax that is collected at the time of purchase" as their first choice of funding option. The support for the use of highway tolling to fund the highway system was somewhat moderate among the population across the five states. The collection of additional sales tax on all goods to fund the highway system was unpopular funding mechanism among the population in the five states. Similarly, the support for the use of mileage-based user fees was disliked among the population in the five states. This research is significant, as few studies have been done on understanding the public perceptions of different options to fund the highway systems. Furthermore the findings of this survey could be used by the law-makers in the five states under study to make better decisions with respect to the alternative options of funding the highway system in their state based on the general public's perceptions in the state. Future research could be aimed to study the impact of the utilized option on each state with regard to its social, economic, and behavioral issues that could result from its implementation

Analisis Algoritma Round Robin, Least Connection, Dan Ratio Pada Load Balancing Menggunakan Opnet Modeler

Load balancing is a technique to distribute traffic load into two or more lanes to reach balanced connection, optimized traffic performance, maximized data throughput, minimized delay, and avoiding data overload. Load balancing in a computer network used to modulate the balance of bandwidth USAge between multiple internet service provider. This research contains Load Balancing performance test on HTTP, FTP, and VoIP. Testing application used is OPNET Modeler 14.5 simulator, and load balancing algorithm which being tested is Least Connection, Round Robin, and Ratio. The test results shows generally Ratio is better than Least Connection and Round Robin. Ratio excels on handling End-to-End Delay and Jitter in VoIP, while Least Conncetion shows the highest throughput value in all test cases

Impact of identity politics on education in Pakistan: a comparison between Balochistan and Punjab

This research paper examines the impact of ethnic identity based politics on education in Pakistan through in-depth interviews with young professionals from Balochistan and Punjab. Findings suggest that there is the Punjabi-dominated power structure results in an unequal allocation of financial resources, whereby Balochistan lacks the financial resources to invest in education development. In addition, political instability caused by unprecedented ethnic strife contributes towards poor quality education, which, as a result, adversely impacts a Balochi's future course of life. On the other hand, Punjabis are at an advantage in the public arena because of their robust educational foundation