AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THE DISTRICT TEACHER EDUCATORS (DTES) REGARDING THEIR PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF PUNJAB

In an attempt to enhance educational quality, the Province of the Punjab introduced District Teachers Educators (DTE) into schools (mainly primary) with the aims of offering support and mentoring to teachers, providing professional development opportunities along with a monitoring role based mainly on monthly student- testing. The main objective of this study is to explore the problems the DTE face in fulfilling their roles in schools. A sample was selected by using convenient sampling technique. The qualitative approach was used to collect data through interviews in this study. This study reveals problems related to the ownership of the process by teachers and head-teachers, the lack of resources often hindering effective work, and the entire process of monitoring by means of student testing facing great difficulties. The conflict in the roles of the DTE is discussed as they seek to integrate a supportive role with that of monitoring, whereas the basis of monitoring is questioned in the light of consistent international research evidence. The study recommends that the conflicts among the monitoring teachers should be resolved. Moreover, their time would be better spent in the supportive-enhancement role, leaving the monitoring role aside. It is suggested that DTEs should be given time to read, and collate evidence from the wide range of literature to learn new insights in educatio

ACTUAL INTAKE VERSES RECOMMENDED INTAKE AMONGST FEMALE ADOLESCENTS

Background: The study was conducted to determine the dietary intake patterns of young females and to compare them with recommended servings. It was a descriptive quantitative study, in which a total of 100 girls of age 18-22 years participated from the Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore. Methods: Data was collected by taking dietary recall of the previous day using a 24 recall form. A food frequency questionnaire was also handed out to determine the dietary intake patterns and in order to validate the 24 hour recall. Before giving them a four day food diary which was collected after four days, they were explained about the serving sizes of different foods. Results: Approximately 50% of the respondents met the requirements of the food groups with the exception of vegetable group as only 2 % were taking according to the standards. When the validity of 24 hour with the food diary was checked, the insignificant p values being more than 0.05 indicated that their daily consumption was similar to the 24 hour recall. Conclusions: There should be more focus on eating a well balanced diet. Half of the young female adults are meeting the recommendations of the food groups with the exception of vegetable groups. It was concluded that the individuals had wrong perceptions about portion sizes and serving sizes thus awareness programs should also focus on that. A revised tool for the implementation of the dietary guidelines was recommended

EVALUATION OF ROOT AND LEAF OF ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

ABSTRACTThe investigation was aimed to carry out the antifungal activities of the methanol and aqueous extracts of Abutilon theophrasti against four fungalstrains (Microsporum gypseum, Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp.). Antifungal activity of the extracts was determined by the discdiffusion method against various fungi with soubred dextrose agar as media. Methanolic extracts of A. theophrasti showed promising antifungalactivity compared to aqueous extracts against selected fungal species. Methanolic extract of leaf displayed the highest activity with zone of inhibition14 mm against Penicillium spp. which were totally concentration dependent; however, a poor activity was seen in aqueous extracts. Methanolicextracts of root displayed good antifungal activity, while as no activity was seen in aqueous extracts of root. The results obtained in the study showthat methanolic leaf extracts possess phytoconstituents with potent antifungal activity.Keywords: Abutilon, Methanol, Rhizopus, Penicillium

Robot sensors process based on generalized Fermatean normal different aggregation operators framework

Novel methods for multiple attribute decision-making problems are presented in this paper using Type-Ⅱ Fermatean normal numbers. Type-Ⅱ Fermatean fuzzy sets are developed by further generalizing Fermatean fuzzy sets and neutrosophic sets. The Type-Ⅱ Fermatean fuzzy sets with basic aggregation operators are constructed. The concept of a Type-Ⅱ Fermatean normal number is compatible with both commutative and associative rules. This article presents a new proposal for Type-Ⅱ Fermatean normal weighted averaging, Type-Ⅱ Fermatean normal weighted geometric averaging, Type-Ⅱ generalized Fermatean normal weighted averaging, and Type-Ⅱ generalized Fermatean normal weighted geometric averaging. Furthermore, these operators can be used to develop an algorithm that solves MADM problems. Applications for the Euclidean distance and Hamming distances are discussed. Finally, the sets that arise as a result of their connection to algebraic operations are emphasized in our discourse. Examples of real-world applications of enhanced Hamming distances are presented. A sensor robot's most important components are computer science and machine tool technology. Four factors can be used to evaluate the quality of a robotics system: resolution, sensitivity, error and environment. The best alternative can be determined by comparing expert opinions with the criteria. As a result, the proposed models' outcomes are more precise and closer to integer number $\delta$. To demonstrate the applicability and validity of the models under consideration, several existing models are compared with the ones that have been proposed

Semi-analytical scheme for solving intuitionistic fuzzy system of differential equations

The aim of this article is to implement the Generalized Modified Adomian Decomposition Method to compute the semi-numerical solution of the linear system of intuitionistic fuzzy initial value problems. Here, we consider the initial values as generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The technique is applied to brine tanks problem and coupled mass spring systems.Theoretically, different approaches to solving a system of generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy differential equations are discussed in this study under the presumption that the coefficients of the system of the differential equations are associated to generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The approximate results are compared with exact solutions which shows good efficiency. The corresponding graphs at different levels of uncertainty show the example’s numerical outcomes. The graphical representations further demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in comparison to existing semi-numerical methods in the literature

Numerical Methods For Bifurcation With Special Reference To Hopf Bifurcation

This thesis is primarily concerned with numerical methods for bifurcation analysis in real Banach spaces. An iteration scheme is obtained which is similar to ones obtained by W. F. Langford and H. Weber. We have proved the uniqueness of solutions. We have also considered systems of ordinary differential equations and proved a version of the Hopf Bifurcation theorem. Some examples with numerical computations are furnished.The main tool of investigation was the implicit function theorem

Direct Product of Finite Fuzzy Normal Subrings Over Non-Associative Rings

In this paper, we define the concept of direct product of finite fuzzy normal subrings over nonassociative and non-commutative rings (LA-ring) and investigate the some fundamental properties of direct product of fuzzy normal subrings

Fuzzy Ideals on Ordered AG-Groupoids

In this paper, we define the concept of direct product of finite fuzzy normal subrings over nonassociative and non-commutative rings (LA-ring) and investigate the some fundamental properties of direct product of fuzzy normal subrings

On the stability analysis of numerical schemes for solving non-linear polynomials arises in engineering problems

This study shows the link between computer science and applied mathematics. It conducts a dynamics investigation of new root solvers using computer tools and develops a new family of single-step simple root-finding methods. The convergence order of the proposed family of iterative methods is two, according to the convergence analysis carried out using symbolic computation in the computer algebra system CAS-Maple 18. Without further evaluations of a given nonlinear function and its derivatives, a very rapid convergence rate is achieved, demonstrating the remarkable computing efficiency of the novel technique. To determine the simple roots of nonlinear equations, this paper discusses the dynamic analysis of one-parameter families using symbolic computation, computer animation, and multi-precision arithmetic. To choose the best parametric value used in iterative schemes, it implements the parametric and dynamical plane technique using CAS-MATLAB$^{@}R2011b.$ The dynamic evaluation of the methods is also presented utilizing basins of attraction to analyze their convergence behavior. Aside from visualizing iterative processes, this method illustrates not only iterative processes but also gives useful information regarding the convergence of the numerical scheme based on initial guessed values. Some nonlinear problems that arise in science and engineering are used to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the newly developed method compared to the existing method in the literature