Acoustic wave controlled X-ray diffraction and emission processes in crystals

Possibilities to exert control over electromagnetic processes in a crystal by an acoustic wave are considered. The influence of such a wave on the parametric X-ray radiation and coherent bremsstrahlung from relativistic electrons in a crystal are studied in this paper

Polarization lidars with conical scanning for retrieving the microphysical characteristics of cirrus clouds

The paper presents the first results of observations of cirrus clouds by polarization lidars with conical scanning, which were developed in Hefei (China) and in Tomsk (Russia). The light scattering matrix of ice crystal particles of cirrus clouds has been calculated for the first by the authors within the framework of the physical optics approximations in the case of conical scanning lidar. It is found that in this case the Mueller matrix consists of ten non-zero elements, four of which are small and can’t be applied to interpret the azimuthal distribution of particle orientation. All the diagonal elements have a strong azimuthal dependence. Among the off-diagonal elements only one element M34 carries additional information for interpreting the azimuthal distribution. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

Диагностические критерии идиопатических воспалительных миопатий. Проблемы их оптимизации

The paper deals with the problems of optimizing the diagnostic criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), a group of heterogeneous rare autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammatory lesion in the skeletal muscles. The representatives of this group are traditionally considered to be polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and inclusion-body myositis. The authors detail the history of classification criteria for IIM from those proposed by T.A. Medsger et al. (1970) relying on its clinical picture, laboratory data and instrumental findings, as well as the criteria (including the first introduced exclusion ones) elaborated by A. Bohan and J.B. Peter in 1975, which remain fundamental in both clinical practice and researches. The basis for the clinical and serological criteria proposed by Y. Troyanov et al. (2005) for IIM is the identification of myositis-overlap syndromes. The classificational (subtype identification) and therapeutic value of the criteria based on clinical and serological characteristics was supported by the Hungarian investigators A. Vancsa et al. (2010) who investigated the relationship between the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of IIM and positivity for myositis-specific and myositis-associated antibodies. The criteria developed by M.C. Dalakas (1991, 2003) are based on the specific immunopathological features of a histological pattern, which allow the differentiation of DM, PM, and inclusion-body myositis from other myopathic syndromes. The 2004 European Neuromuscular Center (ENMC) criteria first identify necrotizing autoimmune myopathy and nonspecific myositis as individual subtypes. The serological classification of IIM, which is based onthe assessment of autoantibodies that play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, is of indubitable interest. There is an obvious need for the correct and timely diagnosis of both IIM as a whole and its subtypes in particular, which is complicated by theheterogeneity of the latter. The proposed approaches to diagnosing and classifying IIM have their advantages and disadvantages so that work in this direction is yet to be under way.Статья посвящена проблемам оптимизации диагностических критериев идиопатических воспалительных миопатий (ИВМ) – группы редких аутоиммунных гетерогенных заболеваний, характеризующихся воспалительным поражением скелетной мускулатуры. Представителями этой группы традиционно считаются полимиозит (ПМ), дерматомиозит (ДM) и миозит с включениями. Подробно рассмотрена история создания классификационных критериев ИВМ, начиная с критериев Т.А. Medsger и соавт. (1970), опирающихся на клиническую картину, лабораторные данные и результаты инструментальных исследований, а также предложенных в 1975 г. А. Bohan и J.B. Peter критериев (в том числе впервые введенных критериев исключения), остающихся основополагающими как в клинической практике, так и в научных исследованиях. В основе клинико-серологических критериев ИВМ Y. Troyanov и соавт. (2005) лежит выделение перекрестных overlap-синдромов миозита. Классификационное (выделение субтипов) и терапевтическое значение критериев, основанных на клинико-серологической характеристике, поддержано венгерскими исследователями A. Vаncsa и соавт. (2010), которыми изучена связь клинических и терапевтических характеристик ИВМ с позитивностью по миозит-специфическим и миозитссоциированным антителам. Критерии М.С. Dalakas (1991, 2003) основываются на специфических иммунопатологических особенностях гистологической картины, позволяющих дифференцировать ДМ и ПМ, а также миозит с включениями от других миопатических синдромов. В критериях European Neuromuscular Centre (ENMC) 2004 г. впервые выделены как отдельные субтипы аутоиммунная некротизирующая миопатия и неспецифический миозит. Несомненный клинический интерес представляет серологическая классификация ИВМ, которая базируется на оценке аутоантител, играющих важную роль в патогенезе заболевания. Очевидна необходимость правильной и своевременной диагностики как ИВМ в целом, так и его субтипов в частности, которая осложняется неоднородностью последних. Предлагаемые подходы к диагностике и классификации ИВМ имеют свои преимущества и недостатки, так что работа в этом направлении еще предстоит

Efficacy and tolerability of abatacept treatment: results of 12 months observation

Objectives: This article reports 1-year clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving abatacept (ABA) therapy. Materials and methods: Patients (n=91) with high RA activity (DAS28 = 5.1 ± 1.0) and an inadequate response on synthetic DMARDs (mainly methotrexate, 70.3%) and biologics (mainly TNF-α inhibitors, 93%) were included in the study. The majority of patients were middle-aged (49 ± 13.5) womens, RF (72.5%) and ACPA (77%) positive, with moderate functional impairment - HAQ = 1.4 (0.9-2). ABA were administered IV, 10 mg/kg according to the standard scheme. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapy was carried out according to the EULAR / ACR 2011 criteria using SDAI, CDAI, HAQ and the intention to treat approach. Results: ABA led to a significant (