On Maximum Signless Laplacian Estrada Indices of Graphs with Given Parameters

Signless Laplacian Estrada index of a graph $G$, defined as $SLEE(G)=\sum^{n}_{i=1}e^{q_i}$, where $q_1, q_2, \cdots, q_n$ are the eigenvalues of the matrix $\mathbf{Q}(G)=\mathbf{D}(G)+\mathbf{A}(G)$. We determine the unique graphs with maximum signless Laplacian Estrada indices among the set of graphs with given number of cut edges, pendent vertices, (vertex) connectivity and edge connectivity.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Using stator discharge current for the parameter estimation of a single-phase axial flux induction motor

AbstractBecause Axial Flux Induction Motors (AFIMs) have many advantages over radial flux (conventional) ones, they are increasingly used in industrial applications. So, their performance prediction is an important issue. On the other hand, parameter estimation is an inseparable part of performance prediction. In this paper, a new method, based on the discharge current of stator windings, is presented. In the proposed method, theoretical and practical discharge currents are compared to calculate coefficients, time constants and parameters. Then, calculated parameters are employed in the d-q model of the AFIM. Finally, 3-D finite element analysis and experimental tests are used to verify the proposed method

Comparing the effect of using normal saline, N-acetyl cysteine and not using them in endotracheal tube suction on physiologic parameters and the amount of secretions in intubated patients under mechanical ventilation

Aims: Today a large number of patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit need mechanical ventilation via an artificial air way. Since these patients have endotracheal tube, endotracheal suctioning is necessary for increasing oxygenation, cleaning the airway and keeping it open. But this method consists of various side effects such as increased blood pressure and heart rate and respiratory rate, cyanosis, dizziness and increased intracranial pressure and hypoxia. This study aimed at comparing the effect of using normal saline serum, N-acetyl cysteine and not using them in endotracheal suctioning on physiologic parameters and the amount of secretions in intubated patients under mechanical ventilation. Material & Methods: It was a controlled clinical trial study with random allocation that was performed on 54 intubated patients hospitalized in ICU of health educational centers of Babol Medical Sciences University in 2014. Endotracheal tube suctioning was performed for each patient once without saline, the second time with 3 ml of normal saline and the third time with 2 ml of N-acetyl cysteine. Blood pressure, Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Arterial oxygen saturation were measured and recorded before each stage of suctioning and two and five minutes after that. Amount of secretions was measured after each method of suctioning. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software, variance analysis with repeated measures, ANOVA and paired t statistical tests. Results: Blood pressure, Heart rate and Respiratory rate were increased after suction in all the three groups, but these changes were higher in the group that received normal saline. Mean decrease of Arterial oxygen saturation was more in the method of receiving normal saline (p<0.05). The amount of secretion was more in the method of receiving N-acetyl cysteine (p=0.004). Conclusions: Endotracheal tube suctioning by using normal saline had more adverse effects on post- suction physiological parameters in compare with the other two methods. Therefore, it is recommended to not use normal saline in endotracheal tube suctioning to the possible extent, and if removing secretions is required, endotracheal N_acetyl cysteine should be used according to the patient's condition

Investigation of the effective factors on rate of stemflow for tree species in Hyrcanian forests

The objective of this study was (i) to compare the amount of stemflow in deciduous broadleaved trees (with and without leaves) in accordance with different growth seasons and (ii) to compare the rate of stemflow in coniferous and broadleaved trees in according to the canopy cover area. Stemflow was measured on 20 marked trees using a stemflow collector. Rates were different for the different tree species Beech Fagus orientalis L, Ironwood Parrotia persica L., Alder Alnus subcordata L. and Hornbeam Carpinus betulus L., and were greater in autumn than winter even though trees were then in leaf. The stemflow increased with increasing canopy cover area. Even though canopy cover in conifers (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis) was less than the broad-leaved beech, the rate of stemflow was higher, up to 7 litres per hour with relatively small canopies.Keywords: canopy, seasons, conifers, broad-leaved tree

Chebyshev rational functions approximation for model order reduction using harmony search

AbstractA new method for model reduction of linear systems is presented, based on Chebyshev rational functions, using the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm. First, the full order system is expanded and then a set of parameters in a fixed structure are determined, whose values define the reduced order system. The values are obtained by minimizing the errors between the l first coefficients of the Chebyshev rational function expansion of full and reduced systems, using the HS algorithm. To assure stability, the Routh criterion is used as constraints in the optimization problem. To present the ability of the proposed method, three test systems are reduced. The results obtained are compared with other existing techniques. The results obtained show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method

Design and Trajectory Planning of Bipedal Walking Robot with Minimum Sufficient Actuation System

This paper presents a new type of mechanism and trajectory planning strategy for bipedal walking robot. The newly designed mechanism is able to improve the performance of bipedal walking robot in terms of energy efficiency and weight reduction by utilizing minimum number of actuators. The usage of parallelogram mechanism eliminates the needs of having an extra actuator at the knee joint. This mechanism works together with the joint space trajectory planning in order to realize straight legged walking which cannot be achieved by conventional inverse kinematics trajectory planning due to the singularity. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is confirmed by computer simulation results

Allele and genotype frequencies of -lactoglobulin gene in Iranian Najdi cattle and buffalo populations using PCR-RFLP

In modern programmes of animal breeding, the polymorphism of the milk proteins can be used as marker systems.  -Lactoglobulin is the major milk whey protein in the ruminants. Studies have indicated that this protein is polymorphic in the many breeds of cattle. This is the result of a single base pair substitution in the -lactoglobulin gene that also give rise to the Hae III restriction fragment length polymorphism. The aim of this work was to analyze the genotype distribution of -lactoglobulin in Iranian Najdi cattle and buffalo. Blood samples were supplied from 80 Najdi cattle and 80 buffalo from different cities of Khouzestan province. Polymerase chain reaction was applied to amplification of a 247 bp fragment of exon and intron IV of bovine -lactoglobulin gene. The Hae III enzyme was used for restriction of the PCR products. The digested products were separated by electrophoresis on 2.5% agarose gel. The allele B of -Lactoglobulin occurred at a higher frequency than the allele A in both Najdi cattle and buffalo. The genotype frequencies of AA, AB, and BB in Najdi cattle and buffalo were 0, 0.175, 0.825 and 0.04, 0.3, 0.66 respectively. Frequencies of A and B alleles were 0.0875 and 0.9125, and 0.1875 and 0.8125 in Najdi cattle and buffalo, respectively. The deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not detected in any of those animals. Detection of heterozygosity indicator evidence on low level of heterozygosity and genetic variability in both population