The Economic Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic Related to Bahrain's Bankruptcy Law

The purpose of this paper is to address the concerns relating to the economic impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Kingdom of Bahrain by observing the preventive measures taken by the government to ensure minimal economic deterrence. Furthermore, the paper shall also address the role and the position of the Reorganization and Bankruptcy Law no. (22) 2018 of Bahrain in light of the economic duress faced by the businesses in Bahrain and the role played by the government and financial institutions in resolving matters relating to bankruptcy that would be more prevalent due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. The importance of the research is highlighted by highlighting the economic impact and the mechanism of bankruptcy procedures followed in Bahrain, especially in light of the global economic crisis it is facing due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study aims to clarify the laws related to bankruptcy with a study of the current situation in Bahrain. As there is no previous study regarding the economic effects on the movement of trade in the Kingdom of Bahrain in light of the Corona pandemic and the role of bankruptcy law in that. It was also clarified through this study to the close relationship between local legislation and international legislation and agreements related to this subject

Dianosing Heart Diseases Using ANN and GA

The heart is complex systems that reveals many clues about its condition in electrocardiogram (ECG), and is one of the most important organs in a human body.The walls of the heart contain myocardial tissues which contract to push the blood through the body. This contract occurs because of passing electrical current in the heart muscle the electrical current can be captured and analyzed to diagnose the heart state. This operation is done by using electrocardiograph (ECG) device; this device captures the electrical signal, filters it from noise signals, and amplifies it. Then it displays the signal on the screen or prints it on the trace paper then the doctor interprets the ECG signal to diagnose the disease.This project discusses using artificial intelligent (AI) to process and analyze the ECG signal to diagnose the heart disease directly and display detailed report about the heart state by using the artificial neural network (ANN) after training it and finding the values of the connection weights using the genetic algorithm (GA) to choose the best values to the weights.The GA is qualified in enhancing the weights of the ANN since the ANN is trained using the classical algorithm (back-propagation), the genetic algorithm is used as a co-training algorithm for enhancing the connection weights values and minimizing the error value

An enhanced method based on intermediate significant bit technique for watermark images

Intermediate Significant Bit digital watermarking technique (ISB) is a new approved technique of embedding a watermark by replacing the original image pixels with new pixels. This is done by ensuring a close connection between the new pixels and the original, and at the same time, the watermark data can be protected against possible damage. One of the most popular methods used in watermarking is the Least Significant Bit (LSB). It uses a spatial domain that includes the insertion of the watermark in the LSB of the image. The problem with this method is it is not resilient to common damage, and there is the possibility of image distortion after embedding a watermark. LSB may be used through replacing one bit, two bits, or three bits; this is done by changing the specific bits without any change in the other bits in the pixel. The objective of this thesis is to formulate new algorithms for digital image watermarking with enhanced image quality and robustness by embedding two bits of watermark data into each pixel of the original image based on ISB technique. However, to understand the opposite relationship between the image quality and robustness, a tradeoff between them has been done to create a balance and to acquire the best position for the two embedding bits. Dual Intermediate Significant Bits (DISB) technique has been proposed to solve the existing LSB problem. Trial results obtained from this technique are better compared with the LSB based on the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC). The work in this study also contributes new mathematical equations that can study the change on the other six bits in the pixel after embedding two bits

Legitimacy Controls of Commercial Advertisements: A Comparative Study

Commercial advertising is one of the most important topics that people face in their daily life. This research determines the methods of commercial advertisement in Islamic Sharia Provisions and Commercial transaction Law that are used in Bahrain as well as its importance in being able to study importance of commercial advertisements in marketing products of all kinds, whether they are goods or services, which contributes to the stability, progress and success of economic life, and the successful advertising contributes significantly to reducing the cost of the product through the optimal promotion of it. With the growing importance of commercial advertisements, we cannot leave it alone, so the rules and regulations governing controlling the content of commercial advertisements of all kinds must be put in place, considering that they affect the doctrine or principles of general community morals, The Islamic economics considered as the mediating justice between the capitalist and socialist systems. In fact, those who follow the reality of commercial advertisements, which are broadcast by all advertising media general in Arab world and specially in Bahrain, find their severe lack of controls and considerate standards for the validity of advertising. The paper has placed a specific focus on the laws, regulations, and governmental bodies, Islamic Sharia law. This paper will not only rely on the Sharia Provisions but also text books, internet resources, regulations, statutory. The information was examined with the view to make recommendations for the best practice. Keywords: China insurance industry, Foreign fund, Challenge DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/87-03 Publication date:October 31st 202

Offering a 'therapeutic presence' in schools and education settings

This paper outlines a framework for conceptualizing the contributions that psychoanalytically-informed therapeutic professionals working within education settings can make to school staff and systems as well as to children and families. The paper combines theoretical concepts with case examples of work undertaken in different education settings, to illustrate the opportunities provided by offering a 'therapeutic presence' within schools. Examples include direct work with children and their families, as well as work with teachers and other education professionals, and include work in mainstream nursery, primary and secondary settings, as well as settings offering specialist provision

Protection Of the Creative Idea in Intellectual Property: Within the Anglo-Saxon, Roman, and Latin Systems

In recent times, a relatively modern financial industry has appeared in the Arab world, the so- called venture capital, and the truth is that this financial industry is based mainly on seizing ideas that may be economically feasible in the future and investing in them before they idea formed on the ground of reality, and this is called (the seed investment phase). This stage means that venture capital provides the necessary environment for the creative idea to flourish by providing the necessary infrastructure, such as consultations in the field of marketing, market studies, and finance the idea in order to transform it into reality, in addition to many other things in exchange for obtaining some shares equal to a specific percentage to be agreed upon (sweat equity). So, the idea turns from an abstract idea to a company or a tangible physical reality, and here is the second stage of this type of investment, the so-called (construction phase). At this stage, the company develops its work and starts searching for investors to increase its capital, whether individual investors or those investment funds related to an institution, up to the so-called (exit stage). This type of investment depends on the rise in the shares' market value in which the venture capital invested when it was just an idea (the seed investment phase). Up to the exit stage, in which the value of shares doubles dramatically if the idea succeeds. This face means that the venture investor puts his shares for sale – the one he obtains in return for his services and initial investment in the seed stage - and exit the company. The truth is that this type of investment, although it has been present in developed countries for quite a while, it is relatively new in the Kingdom of Bahrain, as this type of investment requires an infrastructure to flourish. The first business incubator was established in Bahrain in 2015- which has been followed by a group of incubators- suffered from a set of problems represented in the structure of Bahraini laws that do not match the idea's nature. Also, the complexity of procedures. In 2020 we noticed the legislator's direction to correct these matters and prepare the appropriate ground by amending some Bahraini trade laws. The Bahraini legislator added and allowed a set of things that go in the same direction, such as allowing an increase in capital to introduce a strategic partner. They meant by (strategic partners) who can provide quality service such as economic and administrative consultations, expertise in some fields, and providing the necessary environment to succeed

The spline approach to the numerical solution of parabolic partial differential equations

This thesis is concerned with the Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations. Initially some definitions and mathematical background are given, accompanied by the basic theories of solving linear systems and other related topics. Also, an introduction to splines, particularly cubic splines and their identities are presented. The methods used to solve parabolic partial differential equations are surveyed and classified into explicit or implicit (direct and iterative) methods. We concentrate on the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI), the Group Explicit (GE) and the Crank-Nicolson (C-N) methods. A new method, the Splines Group Explicit Iterative Method is derived, and a theoretical analysis is given. An optimum single parameter is found for a special case. Two criteria for the acceleration parameters are considered; they are the Peaceman-Rachford and the Wachspress criteria. The method is tested for different numbers of both parameters. The method is also tested using single parameters, i. e. when used as a direct method. The numerical results and the computational complexity analysis are compared with other methods, and are shown to be competitive. The method is shown to have good stability property and achieves high accuracy in the numerical results. Another direct explicit method is developed from cubic splines; the splines Group Explicit Method which includes a parameter that can be chosen to give optimum results. Some analysis and the computational complexity of the method is given, with some numerical results shown to confirm the efficiency and compatibility of the method. Extensions to two dimensional parabolic problems are given in a further chapter. In this thesis the Dirichlet, the Neumann and the periodic boundary conditions for linear parabolic partial differential equations are considered. The thesis concludes with some conclusions and suggestions for further work

Deep learning for COVID-19 diagnosis based on chest X-ray images

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent global pandemic that has affected many countries around the world, causing serious health problems, especially in the lungs. Although temperature testing is suggested as a firstline test for COVID-19, it was not reliable because many diseases have the same symptoms. Thus, we propose a deep learning method based on X-ray images that used a convolutional neural network (CNN) and transfer learning (TL) for COVID-19 diagnosis, and using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technique for producing visual explanations for the COVID-19 infection area in the lung. The low sample size of coronavirus samples was considered a challenge, thus, this issue was overridden using data augmentation techniques. The study found that the proposed (CNN) and the modified pre-trained networks VGG16 and InceptionV3 achieved a promising result for COVID-19 diagnosis by using chest X-ray images. The proposed CNN was able to differentiate 284 patients with COVID-19 or normal with 98.2 percent for training accuracy and 96.66 percent for test accuracy and 100.0 percent sensitivity. The modified VGG16 achieved the best classification result between all with 100.0 percent for training accuracy and 98.33 percent for test accuracy and 100.0 percent sensitivity, but the proposed CNN overcame the others in the side of reducing the computational complexity and training time significantly

Defense Against Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Computer Networks

Tohoku University亀山充隆課