Conservation of Sulaiman Markhor and Afghan Urial by Local Tribesmen in Torghar, Pakistan

Chapter 1 of the book Lessons Learned: Case Studies in Sustainable Use. This chapter describes the events that led to the creation of STEP (Society for Torghar Environmental Protection), its achievements, and outlines its future plans. The paper demonstrates that by involving local communities in conservation projects, both wildlife and communities benefit. Torghar lies in the district of Killa Saifullah within the province of Balochistan, Pakistan. The Pathan tribe, the largest of the Kakar group, have been living in this area for several generations. Several sub-tribes exist for whom hunting is a tradition. Before the Afghanistan War began in 1979, primitive weapons and the scarcity of ammunition limited the number of animals killed. As the pace of the war increased, automatic weapons and ammunition became readily available. Seasonal migrants and local residents began hunting indiscriminately and population numbers of wild animals dwindled rapidly. Populations of Sulaiman Markhor (Capra falconeri jerdoni) and Afghan Urial (Ovis orientalis cycleros) -- keystone species in the area -- became critically low. In 1984, representatives of the North America-United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) arrived in Balochistan to explore opportunities for wildlife conservation. Tribesmen from Torghar expressed an interest in wildlife conservation and a self-supporting conservation programme was established: The Torghar Conservation Programme (TCP), later the Society for Torghar Environmental Protection (STEP), whose design was based on the principles of sustainable use, local tribe involvement, and conservation biology. Today the numbers of Sulaiman Markhor and Afghan Urial have increased significantly. The capacities of local tribes have also increased and the economic and social infrastructure of the area has developed positively

The interactions of anti-nucleons in complex nuclei

The interactions of antinucleons in complex nuclei of emulsion have been studied. The three main lines of investigation are the following: 1) The annihilation at rest of antiprotons in the complex nuclei of emulsion has been studied and a method has been devised of separating the annihilations in the light and the heavy elements. By identifying the annihilations on the neutrons and protons in light elements it is shown that the ratio of the probabilities of annihilation proceeds equally through the singlet and triplet isospin channels. The apparent departures from this result for heavy elements have been accounted for by the secondary interactions of the annihilation products in the parent nuclei. 2) The antiproton is used as a nuclear probe to determine the distribution of memento of the nucleons of light elements such as carbon. It is found that the momenta of the nucleons of light elements such as carbon. It is found that the momenta follow the distribution expected from a harmonic oscillator model of the nucleus as found by other techniques and that these momenta extend up to about 400 MeV/c. 3) The interactions of antineutrons produced by the charge exchange of antiprotons with the emulsion nuclei have been studied and it has been shown that the general characteristics of the antineutron stars such as the sizes, the mean multiplicities of secondary mesons and their energy spectra are similar to those of antiproton stars. Finally, the charge exchange cross-section for antiprotons of moan energy 125 MeV has been determined and is found to be (17 ± 6) mb. This is close to the value expected from the calculations made for the charge exchange cross-section of antiprotons in complex nuclei

The Deleterious Effects of Workplace Bullying on Employee's Job Strains in Pakistan

This study attempts to expand the broader literature on aggression by examining how workplace bullying as a stressor creates job strains. We hypothesize that individuals who experience workplace bullying are more likely to exhibit disastrous consequences in the form of higher Job Stress, Job Burnout, Turnover Intensions and Psychological strain. Utilizing a field sample of 280 employees working in the service sector of Pakistan we tested our proposed model using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis. The results of SEM model rendered support for the full measurement model and hypothesized structural model indicating that workplace bullying significantly and positively predicted job stress, job burnout, turnover intensions and psychological strain. Our results contribute to the latest stream on workplace bullying and promote research and practice in the area of bullying. The findings of the study also highlight deleterious consequences for victims of abusive and maltreatment behaviors at the workplace in a newer cultural context such as Pakistan. Keywords: Workplace Bullying, Job Stress, Job Burnout, Turnover Intensions, Psychological Strain

PAKISTAN IN THE FATF GREY-LIST: CHALLENGES, REMEDIES AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) grey-listed Pakistan due to the latter’s non-compliance to the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR)-1267. The FATF also demands Pakistan to put strict controls on money laundering and financial lifelines of terrorist organizations in Pakistan. The plan of action was reached between Pakistan and FATF to ensure sufficient action to enforce anti-money laundering policies and freeze assets of designated terrorist groups in Pakistan under UNSCR-1267 and UNSCR-1373. The NACTA in collaboration with FBR, State Bank of Pakistan, FIA, and the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan has mounted operations against illegal movement of money within Pakistan. It also has choked financial lifelines of terrorist organizations and curbed Hawala/Hundi methods of laundering money. Pakistan is struggling to stick to the 26-point action plan to address the necessary concerns of FATF. This paper put forth the ramifications for being blacklisted by FATF and also highlights the Trump administration’s tough stance towards Pakistan. This paper also offers concrete recommendations to exclude Pakistan’s name from the FATF grey-list.   Bibliography Entry Amin, Musarat, Muhammad Khan , and Rizwan Naseer. 2020. "Pakistan in the FATF Grey-List: Challenges, Remedies and International Response." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 31-43