Best Proximity Point for α-ψ-Proximal Contractive Multimaps

We extend the notions of α-ψ-proximal contraction and α-proximal admissibility to multivalued maps and then using these notions we obtain some best proximity point theorems for multivalued mappings. Our results extend some recent results by Jleli and those contained therein. Some examples are constructed to show the generality of our results

Assessing the hydrocarbon potential of the Kadanwari gas field using integrated seismic and petrophysical data

Abstract Kadanwari is a major gas-producing field in Pakistan's Lower Indus Basin (LIB), extensively explored for optimized production. However, the reservoir sands of the Lower Goru Formation (LGF), deposited in a complex river-dominated delta, bear severe variability and hinder accurate facies approximation for optimal production. Furthermore, the regionally extended NNW-SSE directed horst and graben structures significantly compartmentalized these reservoir facies. The main E-sand interval is analyzed for its geological properties, depositional environment, and distribution. The integration of various approaches, including seismic interpretation, attribute extraction, well-based facies modeling, and petrophysical evaluation, proved significant in evaluating the heterogeneous and tectonically influenced E-sands. The discontinuity attribute substantially highlighted the structural style and aided in analyzing the geometries of faults. The low values of the frequency attribute (< 10 Hz) signified the entrapped gas-bearing sands along the faulted zones. The high responses of instantaneous amplitude and sweetness profoundly illuminated the gas-significant deposits throughout the field in association with the well-identified gas-prone sand facies. The outcomes of the neutron-density crossplot depicted gas-bearing sands having low density (< 2.3 g/cc) and good porosity (12%) with the assessment of various cements. The facies modeling distinguished between clean and intermixed sand-shale reservoir zones. Petrophysical analysis revealed a net pay of 14 m within E-sand having gas saturation of about 68%. The adopted approach is robust and efficient, employing a limited data set for developing well-associated seismic responses for potential zone delineation within structural arrangements. The techniques can be optimistic about the LGF's complex potential sands demarcation throughout the Indus Basin

Effect of IL-28 B Polymorphisms on Early Virological Response (EVR) in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Interferon and Ribavirin

Background: To determine the frequency of EVRin chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated withInterferon and Ribavirin and to compare the effect ofIL-28B SNP rs12979860 (CC and non CC genotypes)on frequency of EVR.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 100 patientswith Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) with genotype 3who received Interferon and Ribavirin in thestandard doses were categorized in two groupsdepending upon the IL-28B SNP rs12979860 CC andnon CC genotypes. Results of Qualitative PCR forHCV RNA after 12 weeks of treatment and EVRwere entered. Frequency of EVR in the two groups(CC and non CC) was compared.Results: Among the 100 patients with ChronicHepatitis C treated with Interferon and Ribavirin, 72patients achieved EVR (72%). Out of the 100patients, 52 had CC genotype and 48 had non-CCgenotype (40 with CT and 8 with TT genotype). Inthe CC group 47 out of 52 patients achieved EVR(90%) while in the non-CC group 25 out of 48patients achieved EVR (52%). The p value in ourstudy was 0.00Conclusion: The frequency of EVR is 72% inChronic Hepatitis C patients infected with genotype3 treated with Interferon and Ribavirin which iscomparable with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin.Patients with IL-28B SNP rs12979860 CC genotypehave a better chance to achieve EVR (90%) ascompared to the non-CC genotype (52%)

Seismic attributes and spectral decomposition-based inverted porosity-constrained simulations for appraisal of shallow-marine lower-Cretaceous sequences of Miano gas field, Southern Pakistan

Seismic attributes can play an important role in the exploration of hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic systems. Incised valley systems are developed during the falling sea, which causes the deposition of coarse-grained sandstone facies inside the low-standing tracts (LST). These regional phenomena constrain the quantitative attributes of ultra-thin-bedded stratigraphic petroleum traps, e.g., vertical and lateral variations in the thickness, accommodation space, lithology, and porosity. This study deals with the application of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of a spectral decomposition (SD) tool on a 3D post-stack seismic volume of the Miano gas Field, Lower Indus basin, Pakistan. The results show that the CWT accurately detected the regionally faulted/fractured system and distinguished the frequency-dependent amplitude anomalies. The wedge model resolved a 24-meter-thick gas-bearing resource. Quality control analysis was carried out using CWT-based broadband processing between the designed amplitude spectrum of 17 Hz and 70 Hz. The reservoirs with over 25% porosity that were located within the shale-dominated facies with less than 8% porosity were imaged through the processing of the instantaneous spectral porosity model at the 48-Hz tuning block. Moreover, 190 to 165-m-thick thin-bedded sandstone reservoirs at a 25% porosity zone were resolved using 22-Hz and 28-Hz, which implicates the sea standstill and medium-to-coarse-grained depositional reservoir facies. The ultra-thin-bedded traps inside the laterally continuous stratigraphic lens of 121 m and the prograding clinoform lens of 101-m within the incised valley petroleum system were resolved using 48-Hz, which implicates the falling sea and fine-scaled transgressed erosional facies. These implications suggest that the identified regional stratigraphic traps have development potential for this gas field. The treatment of the inverted model at the highest frequencies can be utilized to investigate the porous stratigraphically trapped facies of LST and can serve as an important analogue for the leading gas field of the Indus Basin and similar basins