Effects of Duties in Terminal Patients Wards on Nurses Well-Being

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to explore the working conditions of nurses and well-being during performing their duties in terminally ill patients’ wards in B.V.H and find out the problems faced by them and to assess the impact of these problems on the social lives on nurses of Bahawal Victoria Hospital. METHODS: Survey method was used to collect data from respondents. A total of 214 nurses are working in terminally ill patients wards B.V.H from them sample size of 50% was selected randomly from all the wards of B.V.H with the response rate of 87%. Data was collected from 109 respondents using a self-administered questionnaire as a tool of data collection.RESULTS: The biggest problem faced by nurses in B.V.H is of excessive work load; nurses have to work a lot, B.V.H is facing grave scarcity of nursing staff. Due to intense nature of job, majority of nurses are victim of job stress. Job stressed has also proved to be cause of physical and psychological illnesses; like insomnia, dementia, hypertension and other disorders. What add to the injury is that apart from performing clinical duties, nurses also have to perform ward management as well. They have to maintain the records of medicine inventory in ward, maintain indent book and they are also responsible for the security of machinery or any equipment’s present in the ward. Most of the nurses are annoyed from patient’s attendants and consider them as the biggest hindrance in their job performance.CONCLUSION: Government must provide the accommodation facilities like staff colony for the nurses. The hospital administration should reduce the working hours of nurses to make some sort of relive Born their workload' There must be sufficient paid leaves in a year for the nurses. A proper service structure should be developed so the promotions and demotions should be done in accordance with some Preset rules and standards. The health department must also provide pick and drop services to the local nursing staff. Male nurses should be appointed especially for the night shift.  Quick and strict action should be taken against those who try to harass the nursing staff. Keywords: Nurses, Terminal Patients Wards, Hypertension, Insomnia, Dementia, Harassment. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/80-07 Publication date:September 30th 2020

Development and validation of a chromatographic method for quantification of rasagiline in human plasma

Purpose: To develop a sensitive, reliable and cost-effective bioanalytical method for the pharmacokinetic analysis of rasagiline in human plasma.Method: Rasagiline was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a mixture of ammonium acetate (pH 5.8) and acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The separation was performed on a Lichrosphere reverse-phase (RP) C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) at ambient temperature and rasagiline was detected at a wavelength of 265 nm by ultra-violet UV detection. The method was validated according to European Medicine Agency (EMA) guidelines. Results: The developed method was linear over a concentration range of 0.5 - 20 μg/ml with r2 ≥ 0.999 in human plasma. Run time was 10 min with rasagiline peak appearing at 7 min with no interference. Relative recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) for accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits prescribed in EMA guidelines. Rasagiline remained stable in human plasma for 24 h at room temperature, after three freeze and thaw cycles and also for 3 months at -20 °C.Conclusion: A simple and reliable method has been successfully developed and validated for the determination of rasagiline concentration in human plasma.Keywords: Rasagiline, Pharmacokinetics, Validation, Parkinson's diseas

Characterization of cowpea to harvest rainwater for wheat in semiarid conditions

Aim of study: A field experiment was executed, under rainfed conditions from 2014-15 to 2017-18, to study the role of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in rainwater harvesting to enhance the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield.Area of study: Rain-fed area of Pothwar region, Punjab, Pakistan.Material and methods: We designed three treatments (T1: control; T2: cowpea grown after conventional tillage and incorporated into soil to act as “green manure”; and T3: grown without any tillage practice, cut with sickle and spread as “mulch”). The effect of these treatments on soil moisture conservation was studied against conventional farmer’s practice, wherein no host crop is grown before wheat sowing.Main results: Available soil water remained highest in T2 during first three years when sufficient rainfall was received contrary to fourth year with low rainfall. The results revealed that cowpea biomass of 15.2 t/ha and 13.72 t/ha, from T2 and T3 respectively, were produced during 2015 corresponding to 213 mm rainfall. Whereas, these quantities increased to 25.69 t/ha and 24.29 t/ha during 2017 with 387 mm of rainfall. The study revealed that net income from wheat crop under T2 was Rs 13000 and Rs 9000 per hectare higher than that of control during the first two years respectively. Contrarily, net income from T2 was found negative and benefit-cost ratio reduced to 0.79 when very low rainfall was received during the last year.Research highlights: Use of cowpea as green manure gave maximum net return if sufficient rainfall is received during decomposition of cowpea and hence recommended for in-situ rainwater harvesting

Natural User Input Management (NUIM) Through Computer Architecture and Operating System in Virtual Reality

Virtual Reality (VR) takes natural user inputs (NUI), like gestures, motions, voices and produces visual overlays in digital form on top of reality that seen by different user at a time. Today’s Operating Systems don’t provide special support for VR application. As a result, today VR application are built as single hardware, single experiences, where the application itself performs as sensing and user input interpretation with machine hardware. In VR application environment new every inputs and outputs, an operating system that support VR applications needs to re-think every output and display abstraction exposed to exist applications. Disparate mouse, keyboard and other devices, which from explicit, which frequently has sensitive data mixed with user input. So, operating system with machine architecture must learn in VR applications to manage with the inherent noisiness of machine learning for recognizing for access to recognized objects like user face and skeleton in VR applications

Medical students' perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine therapies: A pre- and post-exposure survey in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia

Background: Evidently, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasingly a recognized medical practice that efficiently uses multiple treatment therapies and techniques in promoting the health  and wellbeing of people as well as preventing and managing a variety of human disorders. Research in CAM, which courses exposure to diverse healthcare professionals, is important from many perspectives including improvement in teaching skills of faculty, enhancing capacity building, and  innovative curriculum development. This pre- and post-design crosssectional study aimed to assess perceptions, training needs, personal usage, use in office practice, and knowledge of two batches of medical students toward CAM therapies in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: The second year medical students of the first (year 2012-13) and second (year 2013-2014) batch [n=26 & 39, respectively] were selected for this study. A reliable 16-item  self-administered questionnaire was distributed among all students for answering before and after the 48-hour specific 19 CAM therapies course, in terms of CAM therapies are clearly conventional or  alternative, training needs, effectiveness, personal use, use in practice, management of two clinical cases by CAM or conventional therapies, and views about which evidence based approach strongly support individual CAM modalities.Results: Medical students' knowledge and perceptions of CAM therapies significantly improved across some sub-items of CAM questionnaire with a positive trend in the rest of its items including their views about CAM therapies, need for further training, personal use of therapies and advising patients regarding CAM practices strongly supported by randomized clinical controlled trials and published case studies.Conclusion: CAM course tends to have positive impact on the knowledge and perceptions of medical students, in addition to need for further training, and personal use and use of CAM therapies in practice in line with strong evidence-based data regarding therapeutic efficacy. The preliminary results of this study call for further research in specific CAM modalities with a larger sample in academic settings across the nation. Key words: Medical students; Complementary and Alternative Medicine; CAM course; CAM therapies; pre-post design study; Saudi Arabia

MEDICAL STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE THERAPIES: A PRE- AND POST-EXPOSURE SURVEY IN MAJMAAH UNIVERSITY, SAUDI ARABIA

Background: Evidently, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasingly a recognized medical practice that efficiently uses multiple treatment therapies and techniques in promoting the health and wellbeing of people as well as preventing and managing a variety of human disorders. Research in CAM, which courses exposure to diverse healthcare professionals, is important from many perspectives including improvement in teaching skills of faculty, enhancing capacity building, and innovative curriculum development. This pre- and post-design crosssectional study aimed to assess perceptions, training needs, personal usage, use in office practice, and knowledge of two batches of medical students toward CAM therapies in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The second year medical students of the first (year 2012-13) and second (year 2013-2014) batch [n=26 & 39, respectively] were selected for this study. A reliable 16-item self-administered questionnaire was distributed among all students for answering before and after the 48-hour specific 19 CAM therapies course, in terms of CAM therapies are clearly conventional or alternative, training needs, effectiveness, personal use, use in practice, management of two clinical cases by CAM or conventional therapies, and views about which evidence based approach strongly support individual CAM modalities. Results: Medical students' knowledge and perceptions of CAM therapies significantly improved across some sub-items of CAM questionnaire with a positive trend in the rest of its items including their views about CAM therapies, need for further training, personal use of therapies and advising patients regarding CAM practices strongly supported by randomized clinical controlled trials and published case studies. Conclusion: CAM course tends to have positive impact on the knowledge and perceptions of medical students, in addition to need for further training, and personal use and use of CAM therapies in practice in line with strong evidence-based data regarding therapeutic efficacy. The preliminary results of this study call for further research in specific CAM modalities with a larger sample in academic settings across the nation

Impact of MHD radiative flow of hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk

Purpose: In this article, we scrutinized the impacts of non-linear thermal radiations on SWCNT−TiO2&MWCNT−CoFe2O4 nanoparticles suspended in water-based hybrid type nanofluid flow over rotating disk. The effects of nonlinear thermal radiation are considered. The flow is induced through rotating disk. There is a huge market for nanotechnology, and the development of these materials can be predicted to be very light. The effects of shape factors are also considered. Nanomaterials are characterized into different types due to its shapes, features and size of materials. General types nanomaterials catagories include carbon nanotubes. Further CNTs are divided into two different shapes includes single wall carbon nanotudes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Carbon nanotubes have significants applications in energy storages, damping and fracture toughness stiffness. Carbon nanotubes are most commonly used in the fields of energy conservation, thermal stability, nanotubes transistors and electromagnetic fields and many areas. Methodology: The system of governing partial differential equations are reduced to dimensionless ordinary equations by using similarity transformations and then solved with bvp4c in-built function Matlab. behavioral analysis of velocity components and heat transfer of different parameter values are evaluated utilizing graphs. Findings: The results shows that Velocity components are reduces via larger estimation of magnetic parameter. The solid particle frictions improves the velocity field. temperature ratio parameter aid to improves the heat transfer. Furthermore temperature is reduced via Prandtl number

Thoracic impalement injury: A survivor with large metallic object in-situ

Impalement injuries, is a severe form of trauma, which are not common in civilian life. These injuries rarely occurs in major accidents. Abdomen, chest, limbs and perineum are often involved due to their large surface area. Thoracic impalement injury is usually a fatal injury, due to location of major vessels and heart in the thoracic cavity. These injuries are horrifying to site, but the patients who are lucky enough to make it to hospital, usually survive. Chances of survival are larger in right sided impalement injuries while central injuries are always died at the scene.Our patient, 25 years old male, was brought to the emergency room (ER) with large impaled metallic bar (about 2.5 feet long) in situ, in right sided chest. The patient was immediately shifted to operation room (OR) and was operated, his recovery was uneventful without any sequelae.Such patients should be treated and resuscitated according to advanced trauma life support (ATLS) protocols and operated without any delay for further investigations. Such operations are carried out by the most experienced surgeon team available. The impaled objects should not be processed if not necessary to avoid major hemorrhage and damage to vital structures, until the patient is in operation room. Large size and unusual position of impaled objects, makes the job difficult for surgeons/anesthetists.Although horrifying at scene, patients with thoracic impalement injuries are mostly young and healthy, and those who survive the pre-hospital phase are potentially manageable with proper resuscitation. Usually these patients make recovery without any further complications. Keywords: Impalement, Injury, Thoracic, Metallic object, Traffic accident, Sequel

Robust ferromagnetism and magneto-dielectric anomalies in (Al, Cr) co-doped iron oxide thin films-microwave mediated sol–gel approach

Research on thin films of iron oxide has gained interest in recent years because of its application in advanced spintronic and electronic devices. Technologically important iron oxide phases can be achieved by adopting novel methodologies and/or selecting suitable dopants. A cost-effective microwave assisted sol–gel approach is adopted in this work to prepare thin films of iron oxide. Undoped and doped sols (2–10 wt% of dopant concentration) are irradiated with MW power of 720 W. Maghemite phase (γ-Fe2O3) is observed to be stable up to a co-dopant concentration of 6 wt%. Further increase in dopant content leads to a phase transition to mixed (γ-Fe2O3+Al2O3) crystal phases. Values of dielectric constant (DC) and loss tangent exhibit normal dispersion response with high DC value (log f 5.5 = ∼92) observed for undoped sample. Cole–Cole plots indicate the effective grain boundary contribution for low dopant concentrations, whereas contributions from grains is observed at higher dopant concentrations. M−H curves show ferromagnetic response with high value of saturation magnetization (Ms) of ∼450 emu/cm3 witnessed at 6 wt%. (Al, Cr) co-doping results in tuning of magnetic response/parameters. MD coupling of (Al, Cr) co-doped thin films of iron oxide makes this material suitable for advanced spintronic and energy storage devices