Progenitor constraint using line ratios of the CNO elements in supernova remnants

Unveiling the nature of progenitors is crucial for understanding the origin and the mechanism of core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae (SNe). While several methods have been developed to derive stellar properties so far, many questions remain poorly understood. In this paper we demonstrate an observational approach to constrain progenitors of supernova remnants (SNRs) using abundances of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) in shock-heated circumstellar material (CSM). Our calculations with stellar evolution codes indicate that a total amount of these CNO elements will provide a more sensitive determination of the progenitor masses than the conventional method based on ejecta abundances. If the CNO lines (particularly those of C and N) are detected and measured their abundance ratios accurately, they can provide relatively robust constraint on the progenitor mass (and in some cases the rotation velocity) of SNRs. Since our method requires a better energy resolution and larger effective area in the soft X-ray band ($<1$~keV), XRISM launched on September 7, 2023 and next-generation microcalorimeter missions such as Athena, Lynx, LEM, and HUBS will bring a new insight into link between the progenitors and their remnants.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures. Proceedings of the Conference "Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources XIV" (MULTIF2023). Accepted for publication on Po

Global deceleration and inward movements of X-ray knots and rims of RCW 103

Kinematics of shocks, ejecta knots, and the compact remnant of a supernova remnant gives an insight into the nature of the progenitor and surrounding environment. We report on a proper motion measurement of X-ray knots and rims of the magnetar-hosting supernova remnant RCW 103. Chandra data obtained in three epochs, 1999, 2010, and 2016 are used. We find a global deceleration of 12 knots and rims both in northern and southern regions within the last $\sim 24$ yrs, even though its age is thought to be larger than 2 kyr. Some of them even changed their moving directions from outward ($\sim 1,000$ km s$^{-1}$) to inward ($\sim -2,000$ km s$^{-1}$). Our findings can be explained with a collision with a high-density medium both in the northern and southern edges of the remnant, although the remnant may still be expanding in the wind-blown cavity. The proper motion of the associated magnetar 1E161348$-$5055 is possibly detected with a velocity of $\approx 500$ km s$^{-1}$.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, using CT-based navigation and fiducial markers

Accurate placement of separate anteromedial and posterolateral bundle bone tunnels is crucial for anatomic, double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, identifying the anatomic footprint at which to make the tibial and femoral bone tunnels is not a straightforward procedure. To overcome this problem, we used a CT-based navigation technique with a registration procedure based on fiducial markers (FMs). Preoperatively, 10 FM points were placed on skin around knee joint and scanned with CT. Imaging data of the knee were recorded on the computer system for preoperative registration and surgical planning. Intraoperatively, with a reference frame fixed to the distal medial aspect of femur and tibia, paired-point matching registration was performed with the use of points marked on skin through FM center holes. During tibial tunnel guide wire placement, tibial aiming guide with tracking device fed back the position of tip and direction of the guide wire on the three-dimensional (3D) tibia bone surface image and multiple image planes in real time. For the femoral side, the navigation pointer was placed at the footprint center with visual guidance of 3D image of lateral wall sagittal view on navigation monitor and marked with navigation awl. The average registration accuracy of 22 consecutive patients was 0.7 +/- A 0.2 mm and 0.6 +/- A 0.2 mm for femoral and tibial bone, respectively. Most of the bone tunnel positions evaluated with 3D-CT image were confirmed to be accurately placed in reference to the preoperative plan. There was no damage to femoral condyle cartilage and no other complication. This new CT-based computer navigation system opens the possibility for surgeons to plan bone tunnel positioning preoperatively and control it during technically demanding anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction.ArticleKNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY. 19(3):378-383 (2011)journal articl

Progenitor constraint with circumstellar material for the magnetar-hosting supernova remnant RCW 103

Stellar winds blown out from massive stars ($\gtrsim 10M_{\odot}$) contain precious information on the progenitor itself, and in this context, the most important elements are carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O), which are produced by the CNO cycle in the H-burning layer. Although their X-ray fluorescence lines are expected to be detected in swept-up shock-heated circumstellar materials (CSMs) in supernova remnants (SNRs), particularly those of C and N have been difficult to detect so far. Here, we present a high-resolution spectroscopy of a young magnetar-hosting SNR RCW~103 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard XMM-Newton and report on the detection of \ion{N}{7} Ly$\alpha$ (0.50~keV) line for the first time. By comparing the obtained abundance ratio of N to O (N/O$=3.8 \pm{0.1}$) with various stellar evolution models, we show that the progenitor of RCW~103 is likely to have a low-mass (10--12~$M_{\odot}$) and medium-rotation velocities ($\lesssim 100~\rm{km~s^{-1}}$). The results also rule out the possibility of dynamo effects in massive ($\geq35~M_{\odot}$) stars as a formation mechanism of the associated magnetar 1E~161348$-$5055. Our method is useful for estimating various progenitor parameters for future missions with microcalorimeters such as XRISM and Athena.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 11 pages, 8 figure

Crystal structure of the membrane fusion protein, MexA, of the multidrug transporter in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

This research was originally published in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Hiroyuki Akama, Takanori Matsuura, Sachiko Kashiwagi, Hiroshi Yoneyama, Shin-ichiro Narita, Tomitake Tsukihara, Atsushi Nakagawa and Taiji Nakae. Crystal structure of the membrane fusion protein, MexA, of the multidrug transporter in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004; 279, 25939-25942. © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Crystal structure of the drug discharge outer membrane protein, OprM, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Dual modes of membrane anchoring and occluded cavity end

This research was originally published in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Hiroyuki Akama, Misa Kanemaki, Masato Yoshimura, Tomitake Tsukihara, Tomoe Kashiwagi, Hiroshi Yoneyama, Shin-ichiro Narita, Atsushi Nakagawa and Taiji Nakae. Crystal structure of the drug discharge outer membrane protein, OprM, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Dual modes of membrane anchoring and occluded cavity end. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004; 279, 52816-52819. © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Advanced Performance of Annealed Ni-P/(Etched Si) Negative Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The electrochemical performance of variously treated Ni-P-coated Si (Ni-P/Si) negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of nickel silicide (NiSi and NiSi2) after annealing, which improved the adhesion between the Ni-P coating layer and Si particles. Spotty Ni-P particles did not aggregate on an etched Si surface due to an anchor effect, even after annealing, whereas the particles aggregated on an untreated Si surface. An annealed Ni-P/(etched Si) negative electrode maintained a discharge capacity of 2000 mA h g-1 even at the 100th cycle in an organic electrolyte, which can be attributed to Ni-P particles remaining on the surface of the annealed Ni-P/(etched Si) electrode even after the charge-discharge test. The annealed Ni-P/(etched Si) electrode also exhibited superior cycle performance with a reversible capacity of 1000 mA h g-1 over 750 and 1100 cycles in an organic electrolyte containing film-forming additive and an ionic liquid electrolyte, respectively. Consequently, the annealed Ni-P/(etched Si) electrode achieved both high reversible capacity and long cycle life

Bony Landmarks of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Footprint A Detailed Analysis Comparing 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Images to Visual and Histological Evaluations

Background: Although the importance of tibial tunnel position for achieving stability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was recently recognized, there are fewer detailed reports of the anatomy of the tibial topographic footprint compared with the femoral side. Hypothesis: The ACL tibial footprint has a relationship to bony prominences and surrounding bony landmarks. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: This study consisted of 2 anatomic procedures for the identification of bony prominences that correspond to the ACL tibial footprint and 3 surrounding landmarks: the anterior ridge, lateral groove, and intertubercular fossa. In the first procedure, after computed tomography (CT) was performed on 12 paired, embalmed cadaveric knees, 12 knees were visually observed, while their contralateral knees were histologically observed. Comparisons were made between macroscopic and microscopic findings and 3-dimensional (3D) CT images of these bony landmarks. In the second procedure, the shape of the bony prominence and incidence of their bony landmarks were evaluated from the preoperative CT data of 60 knee joints. Results: In the first procedure, we were able to confirm a bony prominence and all 3 surrounding landmarks by CT in all cases. Visual evaluation confirmed a small bony eminence at the anterior boundary of the ACL. The lateral groove was not confirmed macroscopically. The ACL was not attached to the lateral intercondylar tubercle, ACL tibial ridge, and intertubercular space at the posterior boundary. Histological evaluation confirmed that the anterior ridge and lateral groove were positioned at the anterior and lateral boundaries, respectively. There was no ligament tissue on the intercondylar space corresponding to the intercondylar fossa. In the second investigation, the bony prominence showed 2 morphological patterns: an oval type (58.3%) and a triangular type (41.6%). The 3 bony landmarks, including the anterior ridge, lateral groove, and intertubercular fossa, existed in 96.6%, 100.0%, and 96.6% of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: There is a bony prominence corresponding to the ACL footprint and bony landmarks on the anterior, posterior, and lateral boundaries.ArticleAMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE. 42(6):1433-1440 (2014)journal articl

The Differentiable Functions from R into Rⁿ

In control engineering, differentiable partial functions from R into Rⁿ play a very important role. In this article, we formalized basic properties of such functions.Narita Keiko - Hirosaki-city, Aomori, JapanKorniłowicz Artur - Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, Sosnowa 64, 15-887 Białystok, PolandShidama Yasunari - Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanGrzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41-46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The ordinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):91-96, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek and Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Segments of natural numbers and finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):107-114, 1990.Czesław Byliński. The complex numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):507-513, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Finite sequences and tuples of elements of a non-empty sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):529-536, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):55-65, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions from a set to a set. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):153-164, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Partial functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):357-367, 1990.Czesław Byliński. The sum and product of finite sequences of real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(4):661-668, 1990.Agata Darmochwał. The Euclidean space. Formalized Mathematics, 2(4):599-603, 1991.Noboru Endou and Yasunari Shidama. Completeness of the real Euclidean space. Formalized Mathematics, 13(4):577-580, 2005.Noboru Endou, Yasunari Shidama, and Keiichi Miyajima. Partial differentiation on normed linear spaces Rn. Formalized Mathematics, 15(2):65-72, 2007, doi:10.2478/v10037-007-0008-5.Hiroshi Imura, Morishige Kimura, and Yasunari Shidama. The differentiable functions on normed linear spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 12(3):321-327, 2004.Takao Inoué, Adam Naumowicz, Noboru Endou, and Yasunari Shidama. Partial differentiation of vector-valued functions on n-dimensional real normed linear spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 19(1):1-9, 2011, doi: 10.2478/v10037-011-0001-x.Keiichi Miyajima and Yasunari Shidama. Riemann integral of functions from R into Rn. Formalized Mathematics, 17(2):179-185, 2009, doi: 10.2478/v10037-009-0021-y.Keiko Narita, Artur Kornilowicz, and Yasunari Shidama. More on the continuity of real functions. Formalized Mathematics, 19(4):233-239, 2011, doi: 10.2478/v10037-011-0032-3.Takaya Nishiyama, Keiji Ohkubo, and Yasunari Shidama. The continuous functions on normed linear spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 12(3):269-275, 2004.Hiroyuki Okazaki, Noboru Endou, Keiko Narita, and Yasunari Shidama. Differentiable functions into real normed spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 19(2):69-72, e2011, doi: 10.2478/v10037-011-0012-7.Hiroyuki Okazaki, Noboru Endou, and Yasunari Shidama. More on continuous functions on normed linear spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 19(1):45-49, 2011, doi: 10.2478/v10037-011-0008-3.Beata Padlewska and Agata Darmochwał. Topological spaces and continuous functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):223-230, 1990.Jan Popiołek. Real normed space. Formalized Mathematics, 2(1):111-115, 1991.Konrad Raczkowski and Paweł Sadowski. Topological properties of subsets in real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(4):777-780, 1990.Yasunari Shidama. Banach space of bounded linear operators. Formalized Mathematics, 12(1):39-48, 2004.Andrzej Trybulec. Binary operations applied to functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):329-334, 1990.Zinaida Trybulec. Properties of subsets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):67-71, 1990.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):73-83, 1990.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations defined on sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):181-186, 1990.Hiroshi Yamazaki and Yasunari Shidama. Algebra of vector functions. Formalized Mathematics, 3(2):171-175, 1992