Efficient Algorithm to Determine whether a given Graph is Hamiltonian or Not with All Possible Paths

Given a Graph G (V, E), We Consider the problem of deciding whether G is Hamiltonian, that is- whether or Not there is a simple cycle in E spanning all vertices in V. [1] However to Verify that the given cycle is Hamiltonian by checking whether it is permutation of the vertices of V and whether each of the consecutives edges along the cycle actually exists in the Graph. This Verification Algorithm can certainly be implemented to run in O (n2) time, where n is the length of the encoding of G [2]. But to predict in Advance that the Graph has Hamiltonian Cycle or not was still Exponential before this Algorithm. This Problem is known to be NPComplete hence cannot be solved in Polynomial time in |V| unless P=NP. However till today there was no known Criterion we can apply to determine the existence Hamiltonian Circuit in General [3]. For its Exponential time We can Refer to theorems: - Vertex Cover problem is polynomially transformable to the Hamiltonian circuit Problem for Directed graphs, hence the Hamiltonian Circuit problem for Directed Graph is NP-Complete and the Hamiltonian Circuit Problem for Directed Graph is Polynomialy transformable to Hamiltonian Cycle Problem for Undirected Graph, hence the Hamiltonian Cycle Problem for undirected Graph is NP-complete [4]. Note that these derivations are based on the CNF- Satisfiability. Through this Paper we have introduced a Newer Algorithm with different approach to determine whether a given Graph is Hamiltonian or Not with all possible Paths, by applying Few Mathematical and logical Operations. This provides necessary and sufficient condition for a graph to be Hamiltonian

Achieving Breakthrough Service Delivery Through Dynamic Asset Deployment Strategies

Many firms have shifted their focus from their products to their customers and the value derived from owning and using the products. They see after-sales service as an important source of revenue and profit, customer acquisition and retention, and competitive differentiation. However, they also find it challenging to manage their service-supply chain. Service organizations must position and manage service-supply-chain resources optimally to support the delivery of after-sales service. They must also develop capabilities to respond rapidly to the demand for service in a cost-effective manner. To succeed in implementing a service-centric strategy, firms must determine what items in their products’ service bill-of-material hierarchy should be deployed throughout their geographical hierarchy of service support locations. They must make these complex and interrelated decisions in anticipation of service demand, which is uncertain. Firms must also be flexible and should understand the mechanisms in a service-supply chain needed to fulfill customers’ demands for service and the resulting demands for support assets and capacities. Dynamic asset deployment (DAD), a collection of management policies that promote this flexibility, can be used to develop the capabilities needed to effectively and profitably deliver services. These policies require a real-options-based optimization approach to decision making

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METHOTREXATE, DEXAMETHASONE AND INDOMETHACIN

Objective: To develop a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of methotrexate (MTX), dexamethasone (DXM) and indomethacin (IND).Methods: A simple, isocratic reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of methotrexate, dexamethasone and indomethacin using ibuprofen (IBP) as internal standard with photodiode array detection at 254 nm. The process was carried out on C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm X 4.6 mm) using methanol: orthophosphoric acid (1.67 % v/v) in 70: 30 ratio at a flow rate of 1.5 ml per minute.Results: The retention time for MTX, DXM, IND and IBP were found to be 1.47, 4.05, 11.29 and 12.69 minutes, respectively. Calibration curves of the drugs were linear in the concentration range 1-500 μg/ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was 3.3 ng and 10.9 ng for MTX, 0.3 and 0.9 ng for DXM and 2.1 and 6.7 ng for IND respectively. The intra-day precision varied from 0.2 to 1.6 % and inter-day precision ranged from 0.2 to 1.8 %. The intra-day accuracy ranged from 98.3 to 101.13 % while inter-day accuracy varied from 98.6 to 101.4 %.Conclusion: The developed method is ideally suited for simultaneous estimation of the drugs

Effect of Drip Irrigation and Polythene Mulch on the Fruit Yield and Quality Parameters of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm, Precision Farming Development Centre, Department of Horticulture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during the year 2009- 2010 in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatment combinations ( 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% water through drip irrigation system with and without polythene mulch + Basin irrigation with and without mulch). Fruits characters, yield and yield attributing parameter were higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch (T8) and the same characters were lowest under control (Basin irrigation with V- volume of water). Application of black plastic mulch with drip irrigation system can conserve moisture, check the growth of weeds and improve the fruit yield and quality. Water use efficiency was higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch and low under basin irrigation with V volume of water. The net income and benefit cost ratio was also higher under the treatment T8 as compared to surface method of irrigation

Synthesis of Al and Ag nanoparticles through ultra-sonic dissociation of thermal evaporation deposited thin films for promising clinical applications as polymer nanocomposite

Nanoparticles (NPs) having well-defined shape, size and clean surface serve as ideal model system to investigate surface/interfacial reactions. Ag and Al NPs are receiving great interest due to their wide applications in bio-medical field, aerospace and space technology as combustible additives in propellants and hydrogen generation. Hence, in this study, we have synthesized Ag and Al NPs using an innovative approach of ultra-sonic dissociation of thin films. Phase and particle size distributions of the Ag and Al NPs have been determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thin film dissociation/dissolution mechanism, hence conversion into NPs has been characterized by SEM- scanning electron microscope. EDXA & ICPMS have been performed for chemical analysis of NPs. Optical properties have been characterized by UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy. These NPs have also been investigated for their anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time when NPs has been synthesized by ultra-sonic dissociation of thin films. As an application, these NPs were used further for synthesis of nanocomposite polymer membranes, which show excellent activity against bio film formation

Straussian Grounded-Theory Method: An Illustration

This paper demonstrates the benefits and application of Straussian Grounded Theory method in conducting research in complex settings where parameters are poorly defined. It provides a detailed illustration on how this method can be used to build an internationalization theory. To be specific, this paper exposes readers to the behind-the-scene work to develop a theory on the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises based in transition economies. It describes each step from sampling to coding and then to theory formation, explaining the rationale each step of the way. The readers can therefore see how a theory took shape and develop from raw data to refined theoretical propositions/hypotheses

Idea Co-creation on Social Media Platforms: towards a theory of social ideation

Innovation scholars have long been discussing social media as a rich source of information, knowledge, and new ideas, yet, whether or how social media can directly intervene with organizational ideation processes remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the impact of external and enterprise social media platforms on organizational ideation. Grounded in seventy-nine cases and adapting social capital theory in social media contexts, this study attempts to develop a theory of social ideation. Social ideation consists of social media-enabled mechanisms that generate social capital, enable multi-level social exchanges, foster idea co-creation activities such as idea sourcing, filtering, elaboration, and integration, and ultimately lead to effective ideation. Our study contributes to social media and innovation research by revealing the intermediary mechanisms that link the use of social media platforms to organizational ideation performance

Clinical Profile of Dengue Infection in Patients with Hematological Diseases

Managing hematological disorders in a tropical country presents several unique diagnostic and management problems. Apart from the disease process, we need to be aware of infections that can exacerbate or mimic serious hematological problems. We present here a series of five patients with pre-existing hematological diseases who were infected by dengue virus. These cases highlight the need to keep a strong suspicion of common endemic diseases in tropical countries before considering extensive workup for the basic hematological disease. There was no mortality and all patients recovered without any significant impact on their pre-existing hematological condition inspite of their low baseline blood counts. There was no excessive bleeding, prolonged stay in the hospital or relapse of underlying hematological disease in these patients and the only major concern was the increased anxiety among both the patient and treating physician regarding the relapse/progression of pre-existing hematological disease

FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHERENCE TO IMATINIB IN INDIAN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Adherence to imatinib(IM) is of utmost importance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) to maximise treatment effectiveness. The main objective is to measure adherence to    IM & to evaluate individual patient characteristics, personal, treatment related &                    psychological factors influencing adherence behaviour. Hundred patients  receiving IM were analysed for adherence behaviour using 9 item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale              (9-MMAS) . Various factors were assessed for their impact on adherence behaviour.  These   factors were age, gender, duration of treatment, frequency & dosing of treatment, use  of        tobacco & alcohol, educational qualification,employment status,monthly  income, side effects, financial assistance in treatment, social support, knowledge about medicine & disease,         concomitant drug burden, polypharmacy, physician patient interaction, patient  educational    sessions & prevalence of depression. Seventy five percent of patients were found to be           adherent. On univariate analysis, prevalence of depression (p<0.000001), moderate severe     depression (p<0.000001), concomitant drug burden (p=0.036) & monthly income (p=0.015) were found to be significantly influencing adherence. The final multivariate model retained   prevalence of depression with OR= 10.367  (95% CI, 3.112- 34.538) as independent predictor of adherence to therapy. This study suggests that identification & treatment of depression among CML patients may further enhance adherence to IM therapy. Keywords: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Adherence, Imatinib, Nine Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire -9