The reduction of criminal majority: An analysis of the editorials of the O Globo newspaper

O tema deste trabalho é a representação midiática do tema da redução da maioridade penal, a partir do pressuposto de que os meios de comunicação são um meio de controle social informal. A partir da análise dos editoriais do jornal O Globo, buscar-se-á a compreender a maneira como o segundo jornal de maior circulação e tiragem do país, pertencente à maior empresa de comunicação, buscou influenciar a política a respeito do ato infracional. Adotou-se como marco temporal o ano da promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (1990), até o mês de agosto de 2017, período em que foi realizada a presente pesquisa. O trabalho está estruturado em duas partes. Na primeira parte será apresentado como marco teórico a Criminologia Crítica e a Teoria da Proteção Integral, adotando a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Na segunda parte serão apresentados os resultados da análise dos 46 editoriais do jornal O Globo sobre a maioridade penal, utilizando como metodologia de pesquisa a teoria fundamentada nos dados, com abordagem predominantemente indutiva. Após a análise conclui-se que a representação social do adolescente autor de ato infracional reproduziu estereótipos que o identificam como um inimigo da sociedade, não por acaso aparecendo a proposta de aumento da punição por meio do encarceramento precoce como a solução para o problema da violência. O tema da impunidade se sobressaiu, desconsiderando completamente as medidas socioeducativas e a principiologia de que se reveste o direito da criança e do adolescente.The theme of this work is the mediatic representation of the topic of the reduction of the criminal majority age, based on the assumption that the media is a means of informal social control. From the analysis of the editorials of the O Globo newspaper, it sought to understand how the second largest newspaper in circulation and printing in Brazil, belonging to the largest communication company, sought to influence the policy regarding the infraction. The year of the promulgation of the Child and Adolescent Statute (1990) was adopted as the time frame, until the month of August, 2017, when this research was carried out. The work was structured in two parts. In the first part it has been presented, as a theoretical framework, Critical Criminology and Theory of Integral Protection, under the technique of bibliographic research. The second part has presented the results of the analysis of 46 editorials of the O Globo newspaper on the criminal majority age, using as a research methodology the theory based on the data, with a predominantly inductive approach. After the analysis, it is concluded that the social representation of the adolescent author of an infraction act has reproduced stereotypes that identify him as an enemy of society, thus not coincidentally in line with the proposal of increased punishment through early incarceration as the solution to the problem of violence. The theme of impunity has stood out, completely disregarding the socio-educational measures and the principiology of the law of the child and the adolescent

Serum triglycerides, but not cholesterol or leptin, are decreased in suicide attempters with mood disorders

BackgroundMany peripheral biomarkers, including low cholesterol and its fractions, have been examined to identify suicidal behavior. Herein, we assessed serum lipid profile and some proteins putatively associated with suicidal behavior in subjects with mood disorder (bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) with a recent suicide attempt and with no lifetime history of suicide attempts.MethodsFifty subjects had presented an episode of attempted suicide during the last 15 days, and 36 subjects had no history of any suicide attempt. We measured total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides as well as serum leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B and C-reactive protein (CRP).ResultsIndividuals that had attempted suicide presented decreased body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. After adjusting for these confounders, we found that triglycerides were decreased in attempted suicide subjects. We found no differences among total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL or leptin, S100B, CRP and BDNF.LimitationsThis is a cross-sectional study, and we cannot therefore assess whether a decrease in triglycerides caused a mood episode with suicidal ideation that led to a suicide attempt or if the presence of a mood episode originated a loss of appetite and consequent loss of weight, therefore decreasing triglyceride levels.ConclusionsThese results do not support the hypothesis that lower levels of cholesterol are associated with suicidal behavior in a mood disorder sample. However, our data support the idea that adiposity is differentiated in these patients (reduced BMI, waist circumference and serum triglycerides), which could lead to an altered communication between the adipose tissue and brain