2,187 research outputs found
A Note on the Profit Distribution among a Manufacturer and its Retailers
Examining two polar forms of restricted franchise contract, Nariu (2004) studied the pricing behavior of manufacturers and retailers and the market outcomes. This note provides a concise justification for his assumptions on contractual restraints. Introducing some fixed amount that a manufacturer must invest to build up its production facility, we show that a bargaining solution to distribute the total net profit among a manufacturer and its exclusive retailers assigns zero franchise fee payment to any retailers, if the investment is not large.bargaining solution
An Experimental Study of Bidding Behavior in Subcontract Auctions
It is commonly observed in practices that prime contractors solicit subcontract bids, prior to submitting their bids in procurement auctions: the auctioneers in subcontract auctions will become bidders in a procurement auction. This point is remarkably different from the standard theory of procurement auction. We presented a simple model of such subcontract auctions and conducted a laboratory experiment to examine the bidding behavior derived theoretically. We observed that in the subcontract auction, (1) subjects bid following the equilibrium bidding function derived theoretically, (2) the revenue equivalence between first-price and second-price mechanisms breaks down, and (3) the first-price mechanism more likely achieves ex post efficient allocations than the second-price mechanism.
Energy landscape analysis of neuroimaging data
Computational neuroscience models have been used for understanding neural
dynamics in the brain and how they may be altered when physiological or other
conditions change. We review and develop a data-driven approach to neuroimaging
data called the energy landscape analysis. The methods are rooted in
statistical physics theory, in particular the Ising model, also known as the
(pairwise) maximum entropy model and Boltzmann machine. The methods have been
applied to fitting electrophysiological data in neuroscience for a decade, but
their use in neuroimaging data is still in its infancy. We first review the
methods and discuss some algorithms and technical aspects. Then, we apply the
methods to functional magnetic resonance imaging data recorded from healthy
individuals to inspect the relationship between the accuracy of fitting, the
size of the brain system to be analyzed, and the data length.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Upper Bound of Real Log Canonical Threshold of Tensor Decomposition and its Application to Bayesian Inference
Tensor decomposition is now being used for data analysis, information
compression, and knowledge recovery. However, the mathematical property of
tensor decomposition is not yet fully clarified because it is one of singular
learning machines. In this paper, we give the upper bound of its real log
canonical threshold (RLCT) of the tensor decomposition by using an algebraic
geometrical method and derive its Bayesian generalization error theoretically.
We also give considerations about its mathematical property through numerical
experiments
Behavior of Hydroxyl Radicals on Water Ice at Low Temperatures
Because chemical reactions on/in cosmic ice dust grains covered by amorphous
solid water (ASW) play important roles in generating a variety of molecules,
many experimental and theoretical studies have focused on the chemical
processes occurring on the ASW surface. In laboratory experiments, conventional
spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric detection of stable products is generally
employed to deduce reaction channels and mechanisms. However, despite their
importance, the details of chemical reactions involving reactive species (i.e.,
free radicals) have not been clarified because of the absence of experimental
methods for in situ detection of radicals. Because OH radicals can be easily
produced in interstellar conditions by not only the photolysis and/or ion
bombardments of H2O but also the reaction of H and O atoms, they are thought to
be one of the most abundant radicals on ice dust. In this context, the
development of a close monitoring method of OH radicals on the ASW surface may
help to elucidate the chemical reactions occurring on the ASW surface.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in Acc. Chem. Re
An experimental study on learning about voting powers
We investigate experimentally whether subjects can learn, from their limited experiences, about relationships between the distribution of votes in a group and associated voting powers in weighted majority voting systems (WMV). Subjects are asked to play two-stage games repeatedly. In the second stage of the game, a group of four subjects bargains over how to divide fixed amount of resources among themselves through theWMV determined in the first stage. In the first stage, two out of four subjects in the group, independently and simultaneously, choose from two options that jointly determine the distribution of a given number of votes among four members. These two subjects face a 2 × 2 matrix that shows the distribution of votes, but not associated voting powers, among four members for each outcome. Therefore, to obtain higher rewards, subjects need to learn about the latter by actually playing the second stage. The matrix subjects face in the first stage changes during the experiment to test subjects' understanding of relationships between distribution of votes and voting power. The results of our experiments suggest that although (a) many subjects learn to choose, in the votes apportionment stage, the option associated with a higher voting power, (b) it is not easy for them to learn the underlying relationships between the two and correctly anticipate their voting powers when they face a new distribution of votes.experiment, learning, voting power, bargaining
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