12 research outputs found
Peripheral Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors Mediate the Sympathetic Efferent Activation from Central Nervous System to Splenocytes in a Mouse Model of Fibromyalgia
Abnormalities in the peripheral immune system are involved in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia, although their contribution to the painful symptoms remains unknown. Our previous study reported the ability of splenocytes to develop pain-like behavior and an association between the central nervous system (CNS) and splenocytes. Since the spleen is directly innervated by sympathetic nerves, this study aimed to examine whether adrenergic receptors are necessary for pain development or maintenance using an acid saline-induced generalized pain (AcGP) model (an experimental model of fibromyalgia) and whether the activation of these receptors is also essential for pain reproduction by the adoptive transfer of AcGP splenocytes. The administration of selective β2-blockers, including one with only peripheral action, prevented the development but did not reverse the maintenance of pain-like behavior in acid saline-treated C57BL/6J mice. Neither a selective α1-blocker nor an anticholinergic drug affects the development of pain-like behavior. Furthermore, β2-blockade in donor AcGP mice eliminated pain reproduction in recipient mice injected with AcGP splenocytes. These results suggest that peripheral β2-adrenergic receptors play an important role in the efferent pathway from the CNS to splenocytes in pain development
Peripheral Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors Mediate the Sympathetic Efferent Activation from Central Nervous System to Splenocytes in a Mouse Model of Fibromyalgia
Abnormalities in the peripheral immune system are involved in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia, although their contribution to the painful symptoms remains unknown. Our previous study reported the ability of splenocytes to develop pain-like behavior and an association between the central nervous system (CNS) and splenocytes. Since the spleen is directly innervated by sympathetic nerves, this study aimed to examine whether adrenergic receptors are necessary for pain development or maintenance using an acid saline-induced generalized pain (AcGP) model (an experimental model of fibromyalgia) and whether the activation of these receptors is also essential for pain reproduction by the adoptive transfer of AcGP splenocytes. The administration of selective ÎČ2-blockers, including one with only peripheral action, prevented the development but did not reverse the maintenance of pain-like behavior in acid saline-treated C57BL/6J mice. Neither a selective α1-blocker nor an anticholinergic drug affects the development of pain-like behavior. Furthermore, ÎČ2-blockade in donor AcGP mice eliminated pain reproduction in recipient mice injected with AcGP splenocytes. These results suggest that peripheral ÎČ2-adrenergic receptors play an important role in the efferent pathway from the CNS to splenocytes in pain development
The first precision measurement of deeply bound pionic states in
We performed a precision missing-mass spectroscopy experiment of the deeply bound pionic states in a 121Sn atom using the (d,3He) reaction near the Ïâ emission threshold. The experiment serves as a pilot experiment for our new âpionic atom factory projectâ at RIBF, which aims at precision spectroscopy of the energy spectrum of the pionic atom of isotopes and isotones. The result of the pilot experiment demonstrated the potentiality of BigRIPS and of the RIBF facilities for the project. The current status of the analysis is reported
The first precision measurement of deeply bound pionic states in Sn
We performed a precision missing-mass spectroscopy experiment of the deeply bound pionic states in a 121Sn atom using the (d,3He) reaction near the Ïâ emission threshold. The experiment serves as a pilot experiment for our new âpionic atom factory projectâ at RIBF, which aims at precision spectroscopy of the energy spectrum of the pionic atom of isotopes and isotones. The result of the pilot experiment demonstrated the potentiality of BigRIPS and of the RIBF facilities for the project. The current status of the analysis is reported
Precision spectroscopy of pionic atoms and chiral symmetry in nuclei
We conduct an experimental project to make spectroscopy of deeply bound pionic atoms systematically over wide range of nuclei. We aim at studying the strong interaction in the low energy region, which has close connection to spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and its partial restoration in nuclear matter. First experimental results show improved spectral resolution and much better statistical sensitivity than previous experiments. Present status of the experiment is reported
Precision spectroscopy of pionic atoms and chiral symmetry in nuclei
We conduct an experimental project to make spectroscopy of deeply bound pionic atoms systematically over wide range of nuclei. We aim at studying the strong interaction in the low energy region, which has close connection to spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and its partial restoration in nuclear matter. First experimental results show improved spectral resolution and much better statistical sensitivity than previous experiments. Present status of the experiment is reported
Exclusive quasi-free proton knockout from oxygen isotopes at intermediate energies
The dependence of the single-particle strength on the difference between proton and neutron separation energies is studied for oxygen isotopes in a wide range of isospins. The cross sections of the quasi-free (p, 2p) reaction on 14,16,18,22,24O were measured at intermediate energies. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions based on the distortedwave impulse approximation and shell-model psd valence-space spectroscopic factors. The reduction factors, which are the ratio of the experimental cross sections to the theoretical predictions, show no apparent dependence on the protonâneutron separation energy difference. The result is compatible with the result of the (e, e p) reaction on stable targets and with the predictions of recent ab initio calculations
Pionic atom unveils hidden structure of QCD vacuum
Modern theories of physics tell that the vacuum is not an empty space. Hidden
in the vacuum is a structure of anti-quarks and quarks . The
and pair has the same quantum number as the vacuum and
condensates in it since the strong interaction of the quantum chromodynamics
(QCD) is too strong to leave it empty. The condensation breaks the
chiral symmetry of the vacuum. The expectation value is an order
parameter. For higher temperature or higher matter-density,
decreases reflecting the restoration of the symmetry. In contrast to these
clear-cut arguments, experimental evidence is so far limited. First of all, the
is nothing but the vacuum itself. It is neither visible nor
perceptible. In this article, we unravel this invisible existence by high
precision measurement of pionic atoms, -meson-nucleus bound systems.
Using the as a probe, we demonstrate that is reduced in
the nucleus by a factor of 58 4% compared with that in the vacuum. This
reduction indicates that the chiral symmetry is partially restored due to the
extremely high density of the nucleus. The present experimental result clearly
exhibits the existence of the hidden structure, the chiral condensate, in the
vacuum
Exclusive quasi-free proton knockout from oxygen isotopes at intermediate energies
International audienceThe dependence of the single-particle strength on the difference between proton and neutron separation energies is studied for oxygen isotopes in a wide range of isospins. The cross sections of the quasi-free (p, 2p) reaction on 14,16,18,22,24O were measured at intermediate energies. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions based on the distorted wave impulse approximation and shell-model psd valence-space spectroscopic factors. The reduction factors, which are the ratio of the experimental cross sections to the theoretical predictions, show no apparent dependence on the protonâneutron separation energy difference. The result is compatible with the result of the (e, e p) reaction on stable targets and with the predictions of recent ab initio calculations