Experimental setup and susceptibility of DCs to HIV-1 and SIV_MAC infection in the presence of Vpx and dNs.

<p>A) DCs were differentiated by incubation of primary blood monocytes in GM-CSF/IL4 for 4 days prior to infection with VSVg-pseudotyped and exo-RT normalized HIV-1 and SIV_MACΔVpx viruses coding GFP at an MOI comprised between 0.5 and 1, according to the presented scheme. Cells were then either harvested 3 days later for flow cytometry analysis (B), or lysed twenty-four hours after infection for WB or DNA extraction and amplification (C and D, respectively). The results of the effects of Vpx and dNs on HIV-1 and SIV_MAC infection of DCs have been published in [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140561#pone.0140561.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>] and representative FACS panels are shown here only for clarity’s sake from a total of more than 10 independent experiments conducted with cells of different donors. C) DCs were challenged with HIV-1 under the conditions specified in the figure prior to cell lysis twenty-four hours later and WB analysis. Note that the anti-A3A antibody used here recognizes two isoforms of the protein, the shorter one formed by translation at an internal ATG site. Similar results were obtained following infection with SIV_MACΔVpx (not shown). D) Identical amounts of cell lysates were amplified with primers specific for <i>gfp</i>, using denaturation temperatures ranging from 94°C to 82°C in a direct 3D-PCR. DNA amplified in the conditions of fraction 4 (denaturation temperature of 89°C) was cloned and individual clones sequenced. This fraction represents the lowest denaturation temperature at which DNA amplification is reproducibly observed. Representative agarose gel panels from 4 independent experiments are shown here.</p

Analysis of the possible modulation between editing activity of A3s and overall vDNA levels.

<p>A) DCs were challenged with the indicated viruses and twenty-four hours post infection the amount of vDNA was quantified by qPCR using oligonucleotides specific for <i>gfp</i> carried on both HIV-1 and SIV_MAC genomes. B) The average frequencies of editing measured in the experiments of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140561#pone.0140561.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a> in the case of HIV-1 alone were then used to calculate an expected frequency of deamination following normalization for vDNA levels. This value represents the deamination that could be expected if this activity depended only on the amount of vDNA present during infection. Both expected and measured values are presented here.</p

Cytidines present in a TC dinucleotide context account for the majority of editing signatures retrieved in vDNA produced following infection of DCs.

<p>A) The data presented in Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140561#pone.0140561.g001" target="_blank">1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140561#pone.0140561.g002" target="_blank">2</a> was analyzed to determine the dinucleotide context of mutated cytidines found in the different conditions. For each virus, the size of the pie is proportional to the absolute number of mutations. B) Spatial distribution of all the mutations obtained within the reference sequence. Cytidines present in a TC context are marked with a dot. The height of the black bars represents the frequency of mutations at a specific site.</p

Silver-Catalyzed Tandem Hydroazidation/Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition of Diynes with TMS‑N₃: An Easy Access to 1,5-Fused 1,2,3-Triazole Frameworks

A general cascade hydroazidation and alkyne–azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diynes using silver catalysis is reported. A wide variety of diynes participated in the reaction with trimethylsilyl azide (TMS-N₃) in the presence of H₂O, affording the corresponding 1,5-fused-1,2,3-triazoles in good-to-excellent yields. This unprecedented protocol is operationally simple with a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high reaction efficiency, thus providing easy access to various fused 1,2,3-triazoles

Phase-Controlled Growth of One-Dimensional Mo₆Te₆ Nanowires and Two-Dimensional MoTe₂ Ultrathin Films Heterostructures

Controllable synthesizing of one-dimensional–two-dimensional (1D–2D) heterostructures and tuning their atomic and electronic structures is nowadays of particular interest due to the extraordinary properties and potential applications. Here, we demonstrate the temperature-induced phase-controlled growth of 1D Mo₆Te₆–2D MoTe₂ heterostructures via molecular beam epitaxy. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study shows 2D ultrathin films are synthesized at low temperature range, while 1D nanowires gradually arise and dominate as temperature increasing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the good stoichiometry and scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals the semimetallic property of grown Mo₆Te₆ nanowires. Through in situ annealing, a phase transition from 2D MoTe₂ to 1D Mo₆Te₆ is induced, thus forming a semimetal–semiconductor junction in atomic level. An upward band bending of 2H-MoTe₂ is caused by lateral hole injection from Mo₆Te₆. The work suggests a new route to synthesize 1D semimetallic transition metal chalcogenide nanowires, which could serve as ultrasmall conducting building blocks and enable band engineering in future 1D–2D heterostructure devices

Molybdenum Carbide/Cobalt Composite Nanorods via a “MOFs plus MOFs” Strategy for High-Efficiency Microwave Absorption

Herein, we report the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) molybdenum carbide/cobalt nanorods that consist of multiple components including Mo2C, Co, and C (Mo2C/Co/C) based on a “MOFs plus MOFs” strategy. The 1D Mo-metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were first prepared through reflux condensation. Then, a zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) was used as the Co source to decorate 1D Mo-MOFs to form the Mo-MOFs/ZIF-67 precursor. Finally, 1D Mo2C/Co/C ternary composite nanorods were obtained through pyrolysis of Mo-MOFs/ZIF-67 under an Ar atmosphere. The combination of multiple components including dielectric Mo2C, C, and magnetic Co could not only optimize the impedance matching but also provide multiple channels to attenuate the electromagnetic (EM) waves including conductive loss, dielectric polarization, and magnetic resonance. Besides, the interface polarization formed by abundant heterointerfaces between Mo2C and Co/C was confirmed using a high-frequency structure simulator. The adding amount of Mo-MOFs and pyrolysis temperature were found to have a significant influence on the impedance matching and microwave absorption. Consequently, the optimized Mo2C/Co/C nanorods displayed the strongest reflection loss (RL) of −54.6 dB at 16.2 GHz corresponding to a thickness of 1.77 mm. The SRLmt (RL/matching thickness) was calculated to be 30.9, exceeding those of reported MOF derivates. What is more, the Mo2C/Co/C nanorods exhibited broad and tunable bandwidth covering from the whole X band (8.0–12.08 GHz) to the Ku band (12.56–18.0 GHz) by adjusting the amount of Mo-MOFs and pyrolysis temperature, revealing great potential for fields of microwave absorption

Molybdenum Carbide/Cobalt Composite Nanorods via a “MOFs plus MOFs” Strategy for High-Efficiency Microwave Absorption

Herein, we report the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) molybdenum carbide/cobalt nanorods that consist of multiple components including Mo2C, Co, and C (Mo2C/Co/C) based on a “MOFs plus MOFs” strategy. The 1D Mo-metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were first prepared through reflux condensation. Then, a zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) was used as the Co source to decorate 1D Mo-MOFs to form the Mo-MOFs/ZIF-67 precursor. Finally, 1D Mo2C/Co/C ternary composite nanorods were obtained through pyrolysis of Mo-MOFs/ZIF-67 under an Ar atmosphere. The combination of multiple components including dielectric Mo2C, C, and magnetic Co could not only optimize the impedance matching but also provide multiple channels to attenuate the electromagnetic (EM) waves including conductive loss, dielectric polarization, and magnetic resonance. Besides, the interface polarization formed by abundant heterointerfaces between Mo2C and Co/C was confirmed using a high-frequency structure simulator. The adding amount of Mo-MOFs and pyrolysis temperature were found to have a significant influence on the impedance matching and microwave absorption. Consequently, the optimized Mo2C/Co/C nanorods displayed the strongest reflection loss (RL) of −54.6 dB at 16.2 GHz corresponding to a thickness of 1.77 mm. The SRLmt (RL/matching thickness) was calculated to be 30.9, exceeding those of reported MOF derivates. What is more, the Mo2C/Co/C nanorods exhibited broad and tunable bandwidth covering from the whole X band (8.0–12.08 GHz) to the Ku band (12.56–18.0 GHz) by adjusting the amount of Mo-MOFs and pyrolysis temperature, revealing great potential for fields of microwave absorption

Effects of BPA exposure in F0 rats in the serum corticosterone level.

<p>The serum corticosterone level was detected by Elisa kit one day before and about 30 min after OFT. All rats showed increased level of serum corticosterone after OFT. F0 BPA rats showed increased level of serum corticosterone after OFT as compared with the controls. Mean ± S.E.M., <i>n</i> = 9, ^# <i>P</i> < 0.05 pre-test vs. post-test; * <i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01, F0 control vs. F0 BPA.</p

Effects of paternal BPA exposure on F1 rats in an OFT.

<p>The OFT was performed in F1 rats on PND 56. (A) F1 BPA females spent less time in the center of OFT than did the same-sex controls. (B) There was no difference in moving distance for all groups. Mean ± S.E.M., <i>n</i> = 9, *<i>P</i>< 0.05, **<i>P</i>< 0.01, F1 control vs. F1 BPA.</p

Effects of BPA exposure in F0 rats in an OFT.

<p>The OFT was performed by adult male rats who had received either a vehicle or a 50 μg/kg/day BPA diet for 23 weeks. (A) BPA-treated rats showed less time in the center of the box in an open field. (B) There were no significant differences in moving distance between BPA and control group. Mean ± S.E.M., <i>n</i> = 9, *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01, F0 control vs. F0 BPA.</p