Seed production in dianthus (Dianthus plumaris L.) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Seed Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Stigma receptivity, method of pollination and seed production under glass house and field conditions of ten Hammett Dianthus (Dianthus plumaris L.) cultivars were investigated in this study. All of the cultivars had very low or nil receptivity to pollen at the time of flower opening. Stigma receptivity peaked on the third or fourth day after flower opening, and continued until the sixth day after flower opening before declining. However, the period of highest stigma receptivity was not affected by difference in pollen source (i.e. self or cross pollen). All the cultivars produced highly viable pollen, suggesting that this was not a factor to causing low seed set. However, seed production potential was greatly affected by the pollen source; i.e. cultivars showed very high male selectivity. Cv. Crossover for example, produced 65 seeds per flower (57.8 % ovule fertility) in its best crossing combination (Crossover (♀) X Far North (♂), whereas the same culltivar produced only 16.6 seeds per flower (14.8 % ovule fertility) in its poorest crossing combination (Crossover (♀) X Spot On (♂) and 29 seeds per flower ( 26 % of ovule fertility ) following self pollination. Seed production of the ten cultivars under field conditions was very low, and no cultivar produced even a gram of seed per plant. However, hand pollination treatments (both cross and self) under glasshouse conditions produced significantly higher numbers of seeds than natural pollination. Although honey bees, bumble bees, and some flies were observed visiting the field trial, the accepted natural pollinators of Dianthus were not found. The implication of these variables in relation to the potential for commercial Dianthus seed production is discussed

Humour in the English Classroom-Learn with Laughter!!

English language has acquired the status of the global level. English is learnt all over the world and demand for English is on the rise. The English teachers are constantly confronted with questions like ‘How do I reach out to them? ‘or ‘How to teach language in an interesting manner?’ As a teacher catering to the UG students I have relied on my teaching experiences. One sided lectures becomes tedious and should give way to interactive and enjoyable class room experience. The following paper endeavors to show the relevance of humor in the present English classroom. I would like to use this opportunity to emphasize the role of teacher in sustaining the interests of the students and consequently how humor is an invaluable teaching aid in the English classroom

VISUALISASI BINATANG MITOLOGI HINDU DI BALI DALAM SENI PATUNG

Abstrak Makhluk mitologi merupakan makhluk yang keberadaanya dituturkan dalam kisah-kisah mitologi, legenda maupun fabel. Makhluk tersebut juga terkait dengan folklor suatu suku. Makhluk mitologis pada umumnya bersifat fantastis, baik bentuk maupun kemampuannya. Karena kisahnya merupakan mitos, maka keberadaannya dipercayai oleh masyarakat penganut mitologi bersangkutan. Maka dari itu, orang yang tidak menganutnya dapat menyamakan makhluk mitologis sebagai makhluk imajiner (makhluk khayalan). Kepercayaan umat Hindu di Bali pada umumnya tidak bisa lepas dari upacara-upacara yang memakai binatang sebagai sarananya. Binatang-binatang yang dipakai sebagai sarana selalu berdasarkan mitos atau sumber yang berasal dari ajaran agama Hindu. Dalam hal ini mitos bersumber pada cerita rakyat yang diceritakan dari mulut ke mulut dan ada mitos yang bersumber pada sastra tertentu. Kemudian diyakini secara berkelanjutan dan melegenda dalam masyarakat Bali. Dalam masyarakat Bali mitos dianggap sebagai sebuah keyakinan yang masih sah-sah saja. Lebih-lebih bila sudah dikaitkan dengan berbagai aktivitas keagamaan yang bersifat sakral. Dalam hal ini mitos menjadi sebuah keyakinan dan keputusan tertentu masyarakat penganutnya di Bali. Di dalam memvisualisasikan keindahan binatang mitologi kedalam wujud karya tiga dimensional, pencipta menyederhanakan bentuk objek yang mengarah kepada keindahan modern. Dalam hal ini, pencipta memainkan garis untuk menciptakan komposisi ruang dan bidang dengan menambahkan permainan tekstur pada area tertentu. Sehingga nantinya tercipta bentuk figur baru tanpa terlepas dari kesan binatang mitologi yang ingin diwujudkan kedalam bentuk karya patung figuratif. Dari hasil penciptaan ini menghasilkan delapan buah karya patung dengan judul Ibu Semesta, Lembu sebagai Bapak, Anjing Bangbungkem, Anjing Melolong di Malam Hari, Kasmaran, Guak, Bebek Putih Jambul dan Celepuk. Kata kunci : Makhluk mitologi, binatang mitologi, tiga dimensional, figuratif. Abstract Mythological creatur whose existence is being spoken in the mythological stories, legends and fables. The creatur is also related to a tribal folklore. Mythological creatures in general is fantastic, the shape and ability. Because the story is a myth, then it’s existence is believed by the community of mythological. Therefore, people who do not adopt them together as an imaginary being mythological creatures (imaginary creature). Beliefs of Hinduisme in Bali in general can’not be separated from the ceremonies using the animal as the facilities. The animals which are used as a means of always based on myth or the source of the theaching of the Hindu religion. In this myth originalies from the folk tales told by word of mouth and there are myth sourced on specific literature. Then continued and this believed to know in the community. In the myth community is considered to be a belief that still normal more so when it is associated with the sacred religious activity. In this myth into a certain beliefs and decisions society believers in Bali. In visualizing the beauty in the beast into mythology extant work of three dimensional, creator simplifies the form objects that led to the modern beauty. In this case, the creators of the play line to create the composition of spaces and areas by adding texture in certain areas. So that later created a new figure without from regardless of the impression of the beast to be realized to mythology in the form of figurative sculpture works. This resulted in the creation of eight by the statue with the title Ibu Semesta, Lembu sebagai Bapak, Anjing Bangbungkem, Anjing Melolong di Malam Hari, Kasmaran, Guak, Bebek Putih Jambul and Celepuk. Keyword: Mythology creature, mythological beasts, three dimensional, figurative

Effectiveness of first-person and third-person motor imagery in relearning daily hand tasks in people with stroke living in the community

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability worldwide, and the number of people with disability following stroke is rapidly increasing. Currently, there are several approaches used in stroke rehabilitation. Research suggests that therapy should be task-specific and repetitive to enhance neural plasticity enabling sensory-motor function. Furthermore, a need for easily applicable and cost-effective techniques for stroke rehabilitation is also recognised. Motor imagery (MI) has been identified as a potential technique to enhance motor recovery following stroke. When practising MI, one can utilise either the First-Person Motor Imagery (FPMI) or Third-Person Motor Imagery (TPMI). However, the specific effects of the two different perspectives have not been investigated previously, on people with stroke living in the community. Therefore, this PhD aimed to address the above gap in the literature and for the clinical practice. The objectives of this research were threefold, that is, to investigate whether; 1) the FPMI and TPMI intervention programs enhance performance-based upper extremity and hand function, self-perceived upper extremity and hand function, self-perceived daily functions and quality of life in comparison to a conventional occupational therapy program (active control); 2) the FPMI intervention program was more effective in improving performance-based upper extremity and hand function in comparison to the TPMI and active control programs; and 3) the TPMI intervention program was more effective in enhancing self-perceived upper extremity and hand function, self-perceived daily functions and quality of life in comparison to the FPMI and active control programs. This study revealed that both the FPMI and TPMI interventions were equally effective and significantly better in enhancing performance-based upper extremity and hand function in comparison to the active control group. Both the FPMI and TPMI groups showed a further improvement in self-perceived upper extremity and hand function than the active control group and the TPMI group showed improvement in upper extremity function than the FPMI group at follow up. In addition, the TPMI group showed a long-term improvement in quality of life. Although, there was no significant group difference in daily functions in the tree groups, analysis of within group data showed improved daily functions in all groups. These results suggest that when the rehabilitation professionals aim to enhance upper extremity function, either the FPMI or TPMI can be used. However, when the key focus is enhancing quality of life, using TPMI seems to be a better option

Anti dumping duty as a measure of contingent protection : an analysis of Indian experience

The aim of this paper is to analyse India's anti dumping behaviour. India has become a major user of anti dumping measures, initiating more than 300 cases against many of its trading partners. After looking at the trends and patterns in the use of anti dumping measures by India, the paper tries to identify the various factors that influence the anti dumping procedure in India at different stages. The study finds that, many of the allegedly dumped products have experienced substantial increase in their imports into India. Again, many domestic producers seeking protection are performing unsatisfactorily. However, when it comes to the final decision by the authority to impose anti dumping duty, none of these factors appear to be significantly influencing that decision. Rather a less concentrated industry tends to get more anti dumping protection. The paper concludes with the observation that the anti dumping actions in India cannot be justified on predatory ground. However, the author feels that strategic actions on the part of the stake-holders should be explored to better understand the anti dumping behaviour of the nation. Key Words: WTO, trade, imports, contingent protection, anti dumping, India JEL Classification: F02, F13, F14, F2