Additional file 3: Table S3a,b,c and d. of Tracking post-infectious fatigue in clinic using routine Lab tests

Supplemental tables containing summary statistics describing the significance and probability of false discovery for the effects of time and the time x group interaction for each of the clinical markers using a regression-based repeated measures model. (XLSX 48 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2a. of Tracking post-infectious fatigue in clinic using routine Lab tests

Summary of 2-way ANOVA. Significance of time, group and time x group effects of conventional metabolic profiling in blood across 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM. False discovery rates (FDR) were based on Storey [36] using the bootstrap (boot) and the polynomial (poly) fit methods to estimate lambda, as well as on by Benjamini and Hochberg [37] (BH). Table S2b. Summary of 2-way ANOVA. Significance of time, group and time x group effects for complete blood count (CBC) profiling in blood across 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM. False discovery rates (FDR) were based on Storey [36] using the bootstrap (boot) and the polynomial (poly) fit methods to estimate lambda, as well as on by Benjamini and Hochberg [37] (BH). Table S2c. Summary of 2-way ANOVA. Significance of time, group and time x group effects for conventional differential blood count profiling in blood across 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM. False discovery rates (FDR) were based on Storey [36] using the bootstrap (boot) and the polynomial (poly) fit methods to estimate lambda, as well as on by Benjamini and Hochberg [37] (BH). Basophil count was not considered due to a large proportion of missing values. Table S2d. Summary of 2-way ANOVA. Significance of time, group and time x group effects for standard endocrine profiling in blood with urine specific gravity and pH across 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM False discovery rates (FDR) were based on Storey [36] using the bootstrap (boot) and the polynomial (poly) fit methods to estimate lambda, as well as on by Benjamini and Hochberg [37] (BH). (DOC 150 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1a. of Tracking post-infectious fatigue in clinic using routine Lab tests

Summary descriptive statistics of clinical assays. Mean and standard deviation () of the conventional complete metabolic profiling in blood at 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM. Table S1b. Summary descriptive statistics of clinical assays. Mean and standard deviation () of the conventional complete blood count (CBC) profiling in blood at 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM. Table S1c. Summary descriptive statistics of clinical assays. Mean and standard deviation () of the conventional differential blood count profiling in blood at 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM. Basophil count was not considered due to a large proportion of missing values. Table S1d. Summary descriptive statistics of clinical assays. Mean and standard deviation () of the conventional endocrine profiling in blood with urine specific gravity and pH at 6, 12 and 24 months following diagnosis with IM. (DOC 149 kb

Developmental morphogenesis of attachment organs in lower vertebrates

Adhesive organs are widespread structures among vertebrate larvae. They allow the larvae to attach to a substrate, so that the time for the development of mouth or motoric apparatus could be prolonged. Similar structures in ascidians, larvaceans and lancelets are known too. Thus, it might be hypothesized that the presence of some type of adhesive gland could indeed represent the ancestral state for chordate larvae. Interestingly, however, whilst in most species these glands take their developmental origin in ectodermal layer, in bichir, a member of a primitive actinopterygian lineage, their origin was suggested to be endodermal already at the beginning of 20th century. Since then, however, the former study has become almost forgotten and even recent analyses do not come with new findings on this topic. Because of the essential importance of study of bichir cement glands for understanding the relationship between these structures among chordates, I have decided to focus on this subject. To obtain appropriate comparative data Xenopus, Weather loach and Ribbed newt embryos were included in this study as well. By using combination of immunohistochemical and histological techniques the endodermal origin of cement glands in bichir was proven and their morphogenesis was described into considerable details. The..

Additional file 1: Tables S1, S2, S3. of Illness progression in chronic fatigue syndrome: a shifting immune baseline

Supplemental tables containing summary statistics of the data collected in each cohort segment, group-wise comparative statistics and normalization constants for each cytokine species. Table S4. contains Spearman correlation and corresponding null probability values for pair-wise correlation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) with IL-1ι, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in subjects older than 18 years of age. Table S5 contains the performance of classification based on IL-1ι, IL-6 and IL-8 levels where the relative contribution of each cytokine is adjusted on the basis of duration of illness only as described in Additional file 4: Figure S2. (XLS 51 kb

Phospholipid profiling of plasma from GW veterans and rodent models to identify potential biomarkers of Gulf War Illness

<div><p>Gulf War Illness (GWI), which affects at least one fourth of the 700,000 veterans deployed to the Gulf War (GW), is characterized by persistent and heterogeneous symptoms, including pain, fatigue and cognitive problems. As a consequence, this illness remains difficult to diagnose. Rodent models have been shown to exhibit different symptomatic features of GWI following exposure to particular GW agents (e.g. pyridostigmine bromide, permethrin and DEET) and/or stress. Preclinical analyses have shown the activation of microglia and astroglia as a pathological hallmark in these mouse and rat models. Although much has been learned in recent years from these different rodent models and independent clinical studies, characterization studies to identify overlapping features of GWI in animals and humans have been missing. Thus, we aimed to identify biomarkers that co-occur in the plasma of rodent models of GWI and human GWI patients. We observed increases of multiple phospholipid (PL) species across all studied cohorts. Furthermore, these data suggested dysfunction within ether and docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid containing PL species in relation to GWI. As these PL species play a role in inflammatory processes, these findings suggest a possible role for inflammatory imbalance in GWI. Overall, we show that the peripheral lipid disturbances are present both in human GWI patients and in the preclinical rodent models of GWI, highlighting the importance of lipidomics as a potential platform for further biomarker discovery and supporting the value of GW agent exposed models of GWI.</p></div

Degree of unsaturation of PL classes in plasma of GWI patients compared to controls, represented in mean ± SEM in percentage of control.

<p>For PC, SFA containing PC species were decreased in GWI patients, whereas for LPC and LPE, PUFA containing species were elevated compared to control subjects. No differences in the degree of unsaturation were observed for LPC and PE. For PI, no SFA containing species were identified (SFA: solid bars, MUFA: stripped bars, PUFA: brick bars). *p<0.05; MLM regression with <i>post hoc</i> analysis.</p

Changes in total plasma phospholipid levels in GWI subjects and controls, represented in mean ± SEM in percentage of control.

<p>Individual molecular species for each PL class identified by LC/MS were summed to calculate total PL levels within each class. *p < 0.05; MLM regression with <i>post hoc</i> analysis. Total LPC was significantly increased in GWI subjects (brick bars) compared to GV controls (solid bars).</p

Individual molecular species of PI are elevated in plasma from veterans, rodent model and mouse model of GWI.

<p>A. (blue) Percentage of control ± SEM (n = 11 controls, 22 GWI) showing levels PI species in GWI subjects compared to controls. No significance was achieved for any of these species. (green) Percentage of control ± SEM (n = 4 per group) for the PB+PER model showing that 2 out of 5 species were elevated in exposed mice. (red) Percentage of control ± SEM (n = 6 sham, n = 5 exposed rats) showing elevated PI species in GW agent exposed rats compared to control rats. B. P values for all significant PL species in GW veterans and rodent models.*p<0.05; MLM regression with <i>post hoc</i> analysis.</p

Baseline demographics of Gulf War veteran cohort.

<p>Baseline demographics of Gulf War veteran cohort.</p