A case study on swell correction of Chirp sub-bottom profiler (SBP) data using multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) data

High-resolution marine seismic data acquisition and subsequent analyses are highly influenced by sea conditions, directly affecting data quality and interpretation. Traditional swell effect correction methods are effective in improving reflector continuity; however, they are less useful for enhancing travel time consistency at intersection points of crossing lines. To develop a robust swell-removal technique for a set of crossing lines multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) data and Chirp sub-bottom profiler (SBP) data were acquired. After generation of a time structure map of the sea-bottom converted from the final processed multi-beam data, a moving average was used to improve the event continuity of the sea-bottom reflection of the Chirp SBP data. Using the position of the Chirp SBP data, the difference between the travel time of the sea-bottom from the smoothed map and the original travel time of the sea-bottom is calculated as a static correction. The static correction method based on the MBES data was compared and verified using three different cases: (i) simple 2D swell effect correction on a line-by-line basis, (ii) comparing the swell corrections at the crossing positions of 2D lines acquired from different dates, and (iii) comparison of ties of intersection points between 2D lines after new swell correction applied. Although a simple 2D swell correction showed great enhancement of reflector continuity, only the full static correction using the newly proposed method using MBES data produced completely corrected reflection events especially at the crossing points of 2D lines

Two distinct regions in Staphylococcus aureus GatCAB guarantee accurate tRNA recognition

In many prokaryotes the biosynthesis of the amide aminoacyl-tRNAs, Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn, proceeds by an indirect route in which mischarged Glu-tRNAGln or Asp-tRNAAsn is amidated to the correct aminoacyl-tRNA catalyzed by a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT). Two types of AdTs exist: bacteria, archaea and organelles possess heterotrimeric GatCAB, while heterodimeric GatDE occurs exclusively in archaea. Bacterial GatCAB and GatDE recognize the first base pair of the acceptor stem and the D-loop of their tRNA substrates, while archaeal GatCAB recognizes the tertiary core of the tRNA, but not the first base pair. Here, we present the crystal structure of the full-length Staphylococcus aureus GatCAB. Its GatB tail domain possesses a conserved Lys rich motif that is situated close to the variable loop in a GatCAB:tRNAGln docking model. This motif is also conserved in the tail domain of archaeal GatCAB, suggesting this basic region may recognize the tRNA variable loop to discriminate Asp-tRNAAsn from Asp-tRNAAsp in archaea. Furthermore, we identified a 310 turn in GatB that permits the bacterial GatCAB to distinguish a U1–A72 base pair from a G1–C72 pair; the absence of this element in archaeal GatCAB enables the latter enzyme to recognize aminoacyl-tRNAs with G1–C72 base pairs

Characteristics of pediatric rhabdomyolysis and the associated risk factors for acute kidney injury: a retrospective multicenter study in Korea

Background The clinical features of pediatric rhabdomyolysis differ from those of the adults with rhabdomyolysis; however, multicenter studies are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of pediatric rhabdomyolysis and reveal the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in such cases. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of children and adolescents diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis at 23 hospitals in South Korea between January 2007 and December 2016. Results Among 880 patients, those aged 3 to 5 years old composed the largest subgroup (19.4%), and all age subgroups were predominantly male. The incidence of AKI was 11.3%. Neurological disorders (53.6%) and infection (39.0%) were the most common underlying disorder and cause of rhabdomyolysis, respectively. The median age at diagnosis in the AKI subgroup was older than that in the non-AKI subgroup (12.2 years vs. 8.0 years). There were no significant differences in body mass index, myalgia, dark-colored urine, or the number of causal factors between the two AKI-status subgroups. The multivariate logistic regression model indicated that the following factors were independently associated with AKI: multiorgan failure, presence of an underlying disorder, strong positive urine occult blood, increased aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid levels, and reduced calcium levels. Conclusions Our study revealed characteristic clinical and laboratory features of rhabdomyolysis in a Korean pediatric population and highlighted the risk factors for AKI in these cases. Our findings will contribute to a greater understanding of pediatric rhabdomyolysis and may enable early intervention against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI

An Investigation of Effective and Efficient Multilingual Information Access to Digital Collections

ABSTRACT This paper presents the background, research design, and current progress of a new project on exploring the application of various machine translation strategies working toward multilingual information access for digital collections

Building a multilingual test collection for metadata records

This paper describes the principles and processes of building a test collection that enables multilingual information retrieval for digital metadata records. The collection includes a multilingual collection of 1,005,752 metadata records, their Chinese and Spanish machine translation results, 45 topics generated through crowd- sourcing, and their relevant judgments

Transition from Laparotomy to Laparoscopic Repair of Congenital Duodenal Obstruction in Neonates: Our Early Experience

BackgroundThe aim of this report was to review our early experience of the last 7 years with repairs of congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) to determine the efficacy and outcomes of laparoscopic repairs compared to laparotomy.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on all neonate (<30 days) with CDO between 2009 and 2015. Patients with duodenal atresia, stenosis, web, and annular pancreas were included. Patients with only malrotation or delayed presentation were excluded.ResultsTwenty-six neonates underwent laparoscopy and 30 underwent traditional laparotomy. The operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.001), but time to initiation of feeds and time to full feeds were similar for the laparoscopic and open groups. There was no mortality, anastomosis leakage, or stenosis in the laparoscopic group. Six laparoscopic cases required conversion to an open procedure (23%). In the earlier cases, the open conversion rate was high, but it decreased over time (P = 0.003).ConclusionLaparoscopic repair is safe and effective for repair of CDO in neonates. Despite operative time was slightly longer in the laparoscopic group, clinical outcomes remained similar to the open group. For pediatric surgeon with experience in laparoscopic techniques, laparoscopic duodenoduodenostomy is a sufficient available procedure

Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange for COVID-19 Antiviral Drug Candidates

Several drug candidates have been proposed and tested as the latest clinical treatment for the coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir/lopinavir, and favipiravir are proved to be effective after treatment. The hyperpolarization technique presents an ability to further understand the roles of these drugs at the molecular scale and applications in nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging (NMR/MRI). This technique may provide new opportunities in diagnosis and biomedical research to cope with COVID-19. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE)-based hyperpolarization studies on large-sized drug candidates were carried out. We observed hyperpolarized proton signals from whole structures, due to the unprecedented long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. We also found that the optimum magnetic field for the maximum polarization transfer yield was dependent on the molecular structure. Therefore, future research on isotope labelling and polarization transfer on long T1 time nuclei including clinical perspectives can help us overcome this worldwide pandemic.</p

Cortical Network Dynamics During Source Memory Retrieval: Current Density Imaging With Individual MRI

We investigated the neural correlates of source memory retrieval using low-resolution electromagnetic tromagnetic (LORETA) with 64 channels EEG and individual MRI as a realistic head model. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 13 healthy subjects performed the source memory task for the voice of the speaker in spoken words. The source correct condition of old words elicited more positive-going potentials than the correct rejection condition of new words at 400-700 ins post-stimulus and the old/new effects also appeared in the, right anterior region between 1,000 and 1,200 ms. We conducted source reconstruction at mean latencies of 311, 604, 793, and 1,100 ms and used statistical parametric mapping for the statistical analysis. The results of source analysis suggest that the activation of the right inferior parietal region may reflect retrieval of source information. The source elicited by the difference ERPs between the source correct and source incorrect conditions exhibited dynamic change of current density activation in the overall cortices with time during source memory retrieval. These results indicate that multiple neural systems may underlie the ability to recollect context.Vincent JL, 2006, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V96, P3517, DOI 10.1152/jn.00048.2006Iidaka T, 2006, CEREB CORTEX, V16, P1349, DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhl040King JA, 2005, NEUROIMAGE, V28, P256, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.057Lundstrom BN, 2005, NEUROIMAGE, V27, P824, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.008Wagner AD, 2005, TRENDS COGN SCI, V9, P445, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.001Slotnick SD, 2005, MEM COGNITION, V33, P151Guderian S, 2005, HIPPOCAMPUS, V15, P901, DOI 10.1002/hipo.20125ALHAJ HA, 2005, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V18, P1Mitchell KJ, 2004, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V16, P921, DOI 10.1162/0898929041502724Dobbins IG, 2004, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V16, P908Smith APR, 2004, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V16, P760, DOI 10.1162/089892904970816Fujii T, 2004, NEUROIMAGE, V21, P1596, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.005Duarte A, 2004, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V18, P255, DOI 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.010Lundstrom BN, 2003, NEUROIMAGE, V20, P1934, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.07.017Fan J, 2003, NEUROREPORT, V14, P2275, DOI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000090582.35425.e1Kobayashi Y, 2003, J COMP NEUROL, V466, P48, DOI 10.1002/cne.10883Slotnick SD, 2003, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V17, P75, DOI 10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00082-XDobbins IG, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V41, P318Cabeza R, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V41, P390Ranganath C, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V41, P378Rugg MD, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V41, P40Park HJ, 2002, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V17, P168, DOI 10.1002/hbm.10059Takahashi E, 2002, NEUROREPORT, V13, P1951Cansino S, 2002, CEREB CORTEX, V12, P1048Craik FIM, 2002, MEMORY, V10, P305, DOI 10.1080/09658210244000135Dobbins IG, 2002, NEURON, V35, P989Wegesin DJ, 2002, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V13, P323Yonelinas AP, 2002, J MEM LANG, V46, P441, DOI 10.1006/jmla.2002.2864Pascual-Marqui RD, 2002, METHOD FIND EXP CLIN, V24, P5RANGANATH C, 2002, COGNITIVE NEUROSCIEN, P83Buckner RL, 2001, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V2, P624Burgess N, 2001, NEUROIMAGE, V14, P439, DOI 10.1006/nimg.2001.0806Cycowicz YM, 2001, CEREB CORTEX, V11, P322KAHN J, 2001, J NEUROSCI, V24, P4172Friedman D, 2000, MICROSC RES TECHNIQ, V51, P6Konishi S, 2000, NEUROIMAGE, V12, P276Wegesin DJ, 2000, INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL, V37, P243Van Petten C, 2000, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V37, P551Dale AM, 2000, NEURON, V26, P55Rugg MD, 2000, TRENDS COGN SCI, V4, P108Wilding EL, 2000, INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL, V35, P81Rugg MD, 1999, NEUROIMAGE, V10, P520Henson RNA, 1999, BRAIN, V122, P1367Wilding EL, 1999, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V37, P441*NEUR LAB, 1999, US GUID CURR VERS 4, P229Nolde SF, 1998, NEUROREPORT, V9, P3509Cuffin BN, 1998, IEEE ENG MED BIOL, V17, P118, DOI 10.1109/51.715495Fuchs M, 1998, IEEE T BIO-MED ENG, V45, P980, DOI 10.1109/10.704867Senkfor AJ, 1998, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V24, P1005Waberski TD, 1998, BRAIN TOPOGR, V10, P283Donaldson DI, 1998, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V36, P377Allan K, 1998, ACTA PSYCHOL, V98, P231*I LANG INF STUD, 1998, PUBL YONS UJohnson MK, 1997, PHILOS T R SOC B, V352, P1733Maguire EA, 1997, J NEUROSCI, V17, P7103Wilding EL, 1997, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V35, P1185Wilding EL, 1997, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V35, P119Burgess PW, 1996, MEMORY, V4, P359Wilding EL, 1996, BRAIN, V119, P889Worsley KJ, 1996, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V4, P74GLISKY EL, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V9, P229SUZUKI WA, 1994, J COMP NEUROL, V350, P497PASCUALMARQUI RD, 1994, INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL, V18, P49JOHNSON MK, 1993, PSYCHOL BULL, V114, P3FRISTON KJ, 1990, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V10, P458SMITH ME, 1989, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V15, P50FOX PT, 1988, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V8, P642INSAUSTI R, 1987, J COMP NEUROL, V264, P396HAMALAINEN MS, 1984, TKKFA559 HELS U TECHSCHACTER DL, 1984, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V23, P593GREENHOUSE SW, 1959, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V24, P95