Insights into translation and the original text: Thomas Mofolo's Chaka

This paper aims to explore the strategies applied during the translation of chosen passages from the original Sesotho text of Chaka by Thomas Mofolo into English. Insights expressed here originate from participation in the translation workshops during the conference on “Translating Mofolo”. Different stages of the translation process are identified and discussed, while the main emphasis is placed on resolving instances of non-equivalence between the source text and the target text. Non-equivalence includes among other things, culture-specific words and expressions in the source language, grammatical considerations in both the source text and the target text, and the relationship between linguistic units in context. Culture specific words and expressions relate to idiomatic expressions and fixed combinations of words in the source and target texts. Grammatical considerations refer to the translation of Sesotho-specific moods and tenses, number, person, etc., into English, while the relationship between linguistic units is discussed with regard to cohesion, reference and other related cohesive devices in context

Communication in SeSotho: EDU 1265

Examination on Communication in SeSotho: EDU 1265, Nov/Dec 201

The impact of river flooding and high flow on the demersal fish assemblages of the freshwater-dominated Great Fish Estuary, South Africa

Freshwater inflow has a strong impact on the biological, chemical and physical characteristics of estuaries, which in turn affect the distribution and abundance of estuarine organisms. Increased climatic variability associated with climate change is predicated to modify precipitation patterns, which will likely intensify floods in estuaries. The demersal fish assemblage of the freshwater-dominated Great Fish Estuary, South Africa, was sampled using beam trawls, monthly, from December 2013 to November 2014. The first six months of the study were characterised by river flooding and high flow, with estuarine conditions found only in the mouth region; this was followed by six months of intermediate flow, with estuarine conditions recorded up to 10 km from the mouth. River flooding and subsequent reduced salinity resulted in a decrease in species richness and abundances of fishes in the estuary, with only two estuarine species (Glossogobius callidus and Psammogobius knysnaensis) and one marine migrant (Solea turbynei) recorded following river flooding (201 m3 s–1), in January 2014. The greatest species richness and abundances among both marine and estuarine fishes were recorded during intermediate flow conditions. We conclude that although freshwater inflow into estuaries is important for the nursery function of these systems, flooding—especially in freshwater-dominated estuaries—may cause a temporary decline in the abundance of most marine and estuarine fish species, including important bentho-pelagic marine migrant fishery species, such as Argyrosomus japonicus and Pomadasys commersonnii.Keywords: abundance, climate change, demersal fish, freshwater inflow, marine migrant species, salinity, shoeless beam trawl, species richnes

Disentangling exploitation of the intertidal grazer Phorcus sauciatus

Harvesting of intertidal grazers such as topshells is known to affect negatively the exploited populations by altering population structure and decreasing abundance. Phorcus sauciatus has a wide geographic distribution in the North‐eastern Atlantic Ocean and is subject to increasing levels of harvesting pressure due to the expansion of human population on coastal areas. The effect of proximity to human settlements and coastal accessibility on the size structure and abundance of P. sauciatus popula‐ tions was examined in Madeira archipelago. Mean size, proportion of reproductive individuals, and abundance of this species were generally smaller in areas closer to human settlements and in more accessible coastal areas. Marine protected areas re‐ turned the highest mean sizes evidencing their effectiveness in preserving the size structure of this species. The results highlight the necessity to regulate the harvest of P. sauciatus in Madeira archipelago, as well as the implementation of management measures aiming at the sustainable exploitation and conservation of this species, ex‐ ploited in this region since the early 15th century.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

El cambio climático y su incidencia en enfermedades tropicales

El desarrollo de las sociedades a ayudado a generar nuevas tecnologías en busca de minimizar las necesidades de la humanidad. Estos cambios han generado efectos colaterales produciendo daños al ecosistema y por ende disminución de la calidad de vida de las sociedades. Unos de los principales problemas a los cuales se ha visto afectado es la salud y sobre todo en esta parte del continente debido a los factores socioculturales y económicos que no han permitido un avance en esta materia. El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar el efecto del cambio climático y su incidencia en enfermedades tropicales. La metodología utilizada se basó en una investigación de campo con carácter descriptivo, explicativo y exploratorio. Los resultados se desglosaron en base a el cambio climático y la salud, los tipos de enfermedades que provienen del cambio climático y como mitigar las enfermedades tropicales producto del cambio climático. Como conclusión se determinó que se debe producir un quiebre en los paradigmas de las sociedades y poder afianzar una nueva cultura ecológica que permita solventar el cambio climático, pero también contrarrestar las enfermedades que son producto de este terrible problema global