若手教員の教師力向上に関する取組の開発と実践

若手教員の力量形成は，学校現場において喫緊の課題であるが，時間的制約等から単独での調査や研修は難しい現実がある。本研究は，若手教員を支援するため，教育に携わるものをつなぐ取組を開発・実践することを目的としたものである。関係機関が連携協力して，若手教員の教師力向上のための実態調査を行い，若手教員や先輩教員の思いやニーズをつかんだ。その結果，実態調査から，⑴若手教員・先輩教員相互の思いや願いが明らかとなり，互いの関わり方を見直すものとなった。また，開発した取組を実践することにより，⑵校内外で意見を共有できる場や研修を意図的に設定することの重要性，⑶校内体制や関係機関のネットワークを構築することで，校内外で魅力ある交流会や研修会は実現可能であること，が見いだされた。The development of competence of young teachers is an urgent issue in schools, however, it is difficult to provide training opportunities and conduct independent studies on their progress due to time constraints. This study aims to develop and put into practice connecting teaching communities in order to benefit young and inexperienced teachers. An investigative survey was conducted amongst related organizations collaborating on improving the teaching ability of these young teachers; grasping the intentions and needs of both young and senior teachers. The results of the survey demonstrated (1) the expectations and intentions of young and senior teachers, as well as reviewed their means and opportunities of interaction. In addition to that, (2) the importance of intentionally arranging occasions to share opinions and undergo training sessions both inside and outside of schools. Finally, that (3) building school systems and networks of related organizations can make attractive exchange meetings and workshops in the teaching community more feasible even in a busy education site

Royal Jelly Prevents Osteoporosis in Rats: Beneficial Effects in Ovariectomy Model and in Bone Tissue Culture Model

Royal jelly (RJ) has been used worldwide for many years as medical products, health foods and cosmetics. Since RJ contains testosterone and has steroid hormone-type activities, we hypothesized that it may have beneficial effects on osteoporosis. We used both an ovariectomized rat model and a tissue culture model. Rats were divided into eight groups as follows: sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), OVX given 0.5% (w/w) raw RJ, OVX given 2.0% (w/w) RJ, OVX given 0.5% (w/w) protease-treated RJ (pRJ), OVX given 2.0% (w/w) pRJ, OVX given 17β-estradiol and OVX given its vehicle, respectively. The Ovariectomy decreased tibial bone mineral density (BMD) by 24%. Administration of 17β-estradiol to OVX rats recovered the tibial BMD decrease by 100%. Administration of 2.0% (w/w) RJ and 0.5–2.0% (w/w) pRJ to OVX rats recovered it by 85% or more. These results indicate that both RJ and pRJ are almost as effective as 17β-estradiol in preventing the development of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats. In tissue culture models, both RJ and pRJ increased calcium contents in femoral-diaphyseal and femoral-metaphyseal tissue cultures obtained from normal male rats. However, in a mouse marrow culture model, they neither inhibited the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced calcium loss nor affected the formation of osteoclast-like cells induced by PTH in mouse marrow culture system. Therefore, our results suggest that both RJ and pRJ may prevent osteoporosis by enhancing intestinal calcium absorption, but not by directly antagonizing the action of PTH

Conformation of Alkali Metal Ion−Benzo-12-Crown‑4 Complexes Investigated by UV Photodissociation and UV−UV Hole-Burning Spectroscopy

We measure UV photodissociation (UVPD) spectra of benzo-12-crown-4 (B12C4) complexes with alkali metal ions, M+·B12C4 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs), in the 36300−37600 cm−1 region. Thanks to the cooling of ions to ∼10 K, all the M+·B12C4 complexes show sharp vibronic bands in this region. For UV−UV hole-burning (HB) spectroscopy, we first check if our experimental system works well by observing UV−UV HB spectra of the K+ complex with benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), K+·B18C6. In the UV−UV HB spectra of the K+·B18C6 complex, gain signals are also observed; these are due to vibrationally hot K+·B18C6 complex produced by the UV excitation of cold K+·B18C6 complex. Then we apply UV−UV HB spectroscopy to the M+·B12C4 complexes, and only one conformer is found for each complex except for the Li+ complex, which has two conformers. The vibronic structure around the origin band of the UVPD spectra is quite similar for all the complexes, indicating close resemblance of the complex structure. The most stable structures calculated for the M+·B12C4 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) complexes also have a similar conformation among them, which coincides with the UVPD results. In these conformers the metal ions are too big to be included in the B12C4 cavity, even for the Li+ ion. In solution, it was reported that 12-crown-4 (12C4) shows the preference of Na+ ion among alkali metal ions. From the similarity of the structure for the M+·B12C4 complexes, it is suggested that the solvation of free metal ions, not of the M+·12C4 complexes, may lead to the selectivity of Na+ ion for 12C4 in solution.This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16H04098

コミュニケーション ノウリョク ノ ソジ オ ヤシナウ ガイコクゴ カツドウ ノ スイシン : オモイ オ ツタエアイ オタガイ オ タイセツ ニ デキル ジドウ ノ イクセイ

本校では平成21年度より，全教職員で伝え合う力の育成に向けての共通理解を図りながら，実践を重ねてきた。また，小学校5 ・6年生に外国語活動が導入された平成23年度，「徳島県地域活用コミュニケーション能力育み事業」の研究指定を受けた。そこで，コミュニケーション能力の素地を養う外国語活動を創っていくことが，児童の伝え合う力を育てることにつながると考え，取組を進めることにした。外国語活動における「心が動く授業づくり」「心と学びをつなげる小中連携」の2点を中心に実践の一端を報告する

The effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zonisamide in rats.

The effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zonisamide, an antiepileptic drug, were investigated in rats. Absorption of oral zonisamide was significantly inhibited by exposure to cigarette smoke. The Cmax, T1/2 and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve 0-24 values in the cigarette smoke exposure group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Although tonic extension (TE) induced by maximal electroshock was completely blocked by the administration of zonisamide in the control group, 50% of rats showed TE in the cigarette smoke exposure group. Exposure to cigarette smoke influences both the pharmacokinetics and antiepileptic effects of zonisamide. The effects of smoking on epileptic patients using zonisamide warrants further attention.</p

An Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for GARCH Model

We propose a method to construct a proposal density for the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm in Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations of the GARCH model. The proposal density is constructed adaptively by using the data sampled by the MCMC metho d itself. It turns out that autocorrelations between the data generated with our adaptive proposal density are greatly reduced. Thus it is concluded that the adaptive construction method is very efficient and works well for the MCMC simulations of the GARCH model.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Demographics, practice patterns and long-term outcomes of patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in the past two decades: the CREDO-Kyoto Cohort-2 and Cohort-3

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patient characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) in the past two decades. DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective study. SETTING: The Coronary REvascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto (CREDO-Kyoto) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)/coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Registry Cohort-2 (2005-2007) and Cohort-3 (2011-2013). PARTICIPANTS: 3254 patients with NSTEACS who underwent first coronary revascularisation. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was all-cause death. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular death, cardiac death, sudden cardiac death, non-cardiovascular death, non-cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, stroke, hospitalisation for heart failure, major bleeding, any coronary revascularisation and target vessel revascularisation. RESULTS: Patients in Cohort-3 were older and more often had heart failure at admission than those in Cohort-2. The prevalence of PCI, emergency procedure and guideline-directed medical therapy was higher in Cohort-3 than in Cohort-2. In patients who received PCI, the prevalence of transradial approach, drug-eluting stent use and intravascular ultrasound use was higher in Cohort-3 than in Cohort-2. There was no change in 3-year adjusted mortality risk from Cohort-2 to Cohort-3 (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.22, p=0.97). Patients in Cohort-3 compared with those in Cohort-2 were associated with lower adjusted risks for stroke (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92, p=0.02) and any coronary revascularisation (HR 0.76, 95%CI 0.66 to 0.87, p<0.001), but with higher risk for major bleeding (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.47, p=0.008). The unadjusted risk for definite stent thrombosis was lower in Cohort-3 than in Cohort 2 (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.67, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In the past two decades, we did not find improvement for mortality in patients with NSTEACS. We observed a reduction in the risks for definite stent thrombosis, stroke and any coronary revascularisation, but an increase in the risk for major bleeding