Investigation on oblique shock waves occurred in the supersonic carbon dioxide two-phase flow

Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Malta, 16-18 July, 2012.In the refrigeration systems using the two-phase flow ejector, it is important to understand expansion waves and shock waves which are generated at the outlet of the nozzle. The theoretical oblique shock wave relations are derived for extreme conditions. Numerical analysis of the oblique twophase flow is also presented. Two types of two dimensional convergent-divergent nozzles with and without the inclined wall are used to measure pressure profiles along the nozzles wall. The two-phase flow in the divergent section of the nozzle obviously exhibits the supersonic decompression behavior. Numerical results can represent the experimental results with fairly good precision, but the reflections of the oblique shock wave cannot be predicted. The diameter of the droplet in twophase flow in the nozzle is guessed by this experiment to be the order of 5 [μm] and momentum frozen phenomenon occurs in this situation. The experimental oblique shock wave has the particular character of the two-phase flow, which is never seen in single phase flow explained by gas dynamics. The observation of the present study reveals the intrinsic feature that appears only in the supersonic two-phase flow.dc201

Continuous 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production from monosaccharides in a microreactor

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was effectively produced from monosaccharides in a microreactor. A biphasic reaction system was employed to achieve the immediate extraction of produced HMF and suppress the overreaction. A microreactor was utilized to ensure that the reaction occurred under segmented flow to enhance the extraction efficiency. Through many attempts using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as the reaction phase and 2-sec-butyl phenol (2BP) as the extraction phase, the favorable conditions were determined. By using PBS with pH of 2.0 and 2BP at a volume ratio of 3 to PBS, 80.9 mol % of fructose and 75.7 mol % of glucose were converted into HMF, respectively, at 180 °C. By comparing the results obtained through monophasic reactions, it was confirmed that the biphasic system successfully suppressed both the overreaction and the byproducts. The system employed only a simple experimental apparatus and the acid solution and organic solvent reagents without any complex expensive catalyst

Fabrication of metal coated carbon nanotubes by electroless deposition for improved wettability with molten aluminum

Ni-P alloy coated and Au/Ni-P alloy double-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated using electroless plating. Three types of electroless Ni-P alloy plating baths were prepared to coat the MWCNTs with Ni-P alloy films of varying phosphorus content. Electroless gold coating of the Ni-P alloy coated MWCNTs was also carried out using a non-cyanide bath. The microstructures of the coatings on the MWCNTs were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The wettability of the metal-coated MWCNTs with molten aluminum was also evaluated. MWCNTs coated with Ni-P alloy films containing 9-25 at.% phosphorus content were fabricated by electroless deposition. Electroless gold deposition on the Ni-P alloy coated MWCNTs to form Au/Ni-P alloy double-coated MWCNTs was also possible. The wettability of the metal-coated MWCNTs with molten aluminum was significantly improved compared to that of non-coated MWCNTs. The coating metals of the MWCNTs dissolved into the molten aluminum, resulting in good wettability between the MWCNTs and molten aluminum and dispersion of the resulting bare MWCNTs in the aluminum matrix. The dissolved coating metals formed stable compounds with molten aluminum.ArticleSURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY. 212:207-213 (2012)journal articl

Clinical profile of reading ability and reading and writing achievement of children with borderline full-scale intellectual quotient : a prospective study

Background Poor reading ability is one of the common causes of low academic performance. In previous studies, children with dyslexia were found to demonstrate poor academic achievement due to poor reading ability. However, the relationship between academic achievement and reading ability in children with a borderline full-scale intellectual quotient (FSIQ) is unknown. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of children with borderline FSIQ and poor reading ability, and differentiate these characteristics from those of children with higher FSIQ and poor reading ability. Methods A total of 126 children (aged 6-15 years) identified as having low academic performance were enrolled. The reading ability of children was assessed through their performance on the hiragana (Japanese syllabary) reading task, while their reading and writing achievement was assessed through their reading and writing score on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition. Children were categorized into two groups based on their FSIQ score (FSIQ > 85 and 85 >= FSIQ >= 70). Reading ability in children was evaluated by referring to the linear relationship between FSIQ and the standard deviation value of reading tasks in typically developing children. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine clinical characteristics between higher and lower FSIQ groups. Associations between reading and writing achievement, reading ability, and ages of children were assessed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients for the higher and lower FSIQ groups. Results Poorer reading and writing achievement was associated with poorer reading ability in the higher FSIQ group. Conversely, poorer reading and writing achievement and poor reading ability were associated with older age in the lower FSIQ group. Conclusions Poor reading and writing achievement were associated with older age, not with poor reading ability in the lower FSIQ group. Children with lower FSIQ need appropriate educational interventions based on independent assessments to further their academic achievement and reading ability. Moreover, they need more frequent evaluations of their academic achievement than do children with higher FSIQ and poor reading ability since they are more likely to be at a lower academic achievement level at an older age.Peer reviewe

Pengaruh Penyuluhan Obat Terhadap Peningkatan Perilaku Pengobatan Sendiri Di Kabupaten Banyumas

Self-medication is the mostly effort to coped health complaint, therefore to drug consume decrease unsuitable, it needed safety socialization to self-medication. The study was take to analyze the effect of drug counseling to self-medication increase in Banyumas regency. In addition to analyze the method effectiveness used in drug counseling to self-medication act. The instrument research used questionnaires in this study and purposive sampling used to took the sample. The respondents were 192 residents whom live in Banyumas regency. The type of research quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pretest and posttest research design. The data then analyzed by dependent-sampel t-test to find the effect of counseling to self-medication behavior in α = 0.05. While to find the effectiveness of between discussion group and lecture method by leaflet used independen-sampel t-test in α = 0.05. The results showed there significant different between before and after drug counseling by discussion goup and lecture method used leaflet media, able to self-medication attitude improved such as knowledge and attitude about self-medication (P= 0.000), also it can to know both of methods as effective as to self-medication attitude which showed P=0.05. It\u27s mean both of drug counseling methods used as effective as to self-medication attitude improvement. Key words: self medication attitude, counseling methods, housewife, Banyumas

Novel potential of tunicamycin as an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor – dioxin responsive element signaling pathway

AbstractTunicamycin is a well-known inhibitor of protein glycosylation and used as an inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We found that tunicamycin induced expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 in a dose-dependent manner. Like dioxin, the transcriptional induction was associated with dose-dependent activation of the dioxin responsive element (DRE). This effect was independent of inhibition of protein glycosylation or induction of ER stress. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) significantly attenuated activation of DRE by tunicamycin. These results elucidated the novel potential of tunicamycin as an activator of the AhR – DRE signaling pathway

p53 変異型ヒト口腔がん細胞における高LET 放射線によるp53 非依存Akt 生存シグナルの抑制

Although mutations and deletions in the p53 tumor suppressor gene lead to resistance to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, high-LET radiation efficiently induces cell lethality and apoptosis regardless of the p53 gene status in cancer cells. Recently, it has been suggested that the induction of p53-independent apoptosis takes place through the activation of Caspase-9 which results in the cleavage of Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This study was designed to examine if high-LET radiation depresses serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt) and Akt-related proteins. Human gingival cancer cells (Ca9-22 cells) harboring a mutated p53 (mp53) gene were irradiated with 2 Gy of X-rays or Fe-ion beams. The cellular contents of Akt-related proteins participating in cell survival signaling were analyzed with Western Blotting 1, 2, 3 and 6h after irradiation. Cell cycle distributions after irradiation were assayed with flow cytometric analysis. Akt-related protein levels decreased when cells were irradiated with high-LET radiation. High-LET radiation increased G(2)/M phase arrests and suppressed the progression of the cell cycle much more efficiently when compared to low-LET radiation. These results suggest that high-LET radiation enhances apoptosis through the activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, and suppresses cell growth by suppressing Akt-related signaling, even in mp53 bearing cancer cells.博士（医学）・甲第598号・平成25年3月15日Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserve

Persistent colonization of non-lymphoid tissue-resident macrophages by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Accumulating evidence has revealed that lymphoid tissue-resident commensal bacteria (e.g. Alcaligenes spp.) survive within dendritic cells. We extended our previous study by investigating microbes that persistently colonize colonic macrophages. 16S rRNA-based metagenome analysis using DNA purified from murine colonic macrophages revealed the presence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The in situ intracellular colonization by S. maltophilia was recapitulated in vitro by using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Co-culture of BMDMs with clinically isolated S. maltophilia led to increased mitochondrial respiration and robust IL-10 production. We further identified a 25-kDa protein encoded by the gene assigned as smlt2713 (recently renamed as SMLT_RS12935) and secreted by S. maltophilia as the factor responsible for enhanced IL-10 production by BMDMs. IL-10 production is critical for maintenance of the symbiotic condition, because intracellular colonization by S. maltophilia was impaired in IL-10-deficient BMDMs, and smlt2713-deficient S. maltophilia failed to persistently colonize IL-10-competent BMDMs. These findings indicate a novel commensal network between colonic macrophages and S. maltophilia that is mediated by IL-10 and smlt2713