GA3 improves flower yield in some cucurbits treated with lead and mercury

Present study reveals florigenic effects of growth hormones (i.e. gibberellic acid, GA3) and heavy metals (i.e., Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2) in Cucumis sativus L. and Momordica charantia L. Applied GA3 at 400 ppm caused precocious flowering, increasing the number of pistillate and staminate flowers in both plants. Application of Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2 caused significant delay in flowering, consequently leading to reduction in number of flowers. However, when GA3 was applied with Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2, there was less decrease in staminate and pistillate flowers, revealing the dominant effect of GA3. It can be concluded that inhibitory effects of heavy metals on flowering were partially restored by phytohormones.Keywords: Flowering, heavy metals, phytohormone

Slip and Heat Transfer Effects on Peristaltic Motion of a Carreau Fluid in an Asymmetric Channel

An analysis has been carried out for peristaltic flow and heat transfer of a Carreau fluid in an asymmetric channel with slip effect. The governing problem is solved under long wavelength approximation. The variations of pertinent dimensionless parameters on temperature are discussed. Pumping and trapping phenomena are studied

Unsteady Boundary-Layer Flow over Jerked Plate Moving in a Free Stream of Viscoelastic Fluid

This study aims to investigate the unsteady boundary-layer flow of a viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluid over a flat surface. The plate is suddenly jerked to move with uniform velocity in a uniform stream of non-Newtonian fluid. Purely analytic solution to governing nonlinear equation is obtained. The solution is highly accurate and valid for all values of the dimensionless time 0≤τ<∞. Flow properties of the viscoelastic fluid are discussed through graphs

Entropy production in peristaltic flow of a space dependent viscosity fluid in asymmetric channel

In this paper, Second-law analysis has been made for the peristaltic flow of a viscous variable viscosity fluid in an asymmetric channel. The entire study is carried out in a moving frame of reference. The exact solutions of the problem have been obtained by normalizing the governing equations. The main sources of entropy generation in the peristaltic flow have been investigated. Graphical illustrations of the total entropy generation number and the Bejan number have been provided and effects of pertinent parameters of interest are discussed. It is established that the entropy generation is minimum in the expanding region of the channel. Moreover, the entropy generation rises in the cooled region of the channel by increasing the variable viscosity parameter

Significance of Synthetic Cilia and Arrhenius Energy on Double Diffusive Stream of Radiated Hybrid Nanofluid in Microfluidic Pump under Ohmic Heating: An Entropic Analysis

This study investigates the thermal aspects of magnetohydrodynamic double diffusive flow of a radiated Cu-CuO/Casson hybrid nano-liquid through a microfluidic pump in the presence of electroosmosis effects. Shared effects of the Arrhenius activation energy and the Joule heating on the intended liquid transport are also incorporated. The inner wall of the pump is covered with electrically charged fabricated cilia mat that facilitates flow actuation and micro-mixing process. The governing equations for the proposed problem are simplified by utilizing the Debye-Hückel and lubrication approximations. The numerical solutions are calculated with the aid of shooting technique. The analysis reports that the substantial effects of electroosmosis contribute an important role in cooling process. Existence of electric double layer stimulates an escalation in liquid stream in the vicinity of the pump surface. The Arrhenius energy input strengthens the mass dispersion and regulates the thermal treatment. The proposed geometry delivers a deep perception that fabricated cilia in electroosmotic pumps are potential pharmaceutical micromixers for an effective flow and minimum entropy generation rate

Second Law Analysis of Ciliary Pumping Transport in an Inclined Channel Coated with Carreau Fluid under a Magnetic Field

A complete thermal analysis is performed for the propulsion of cilia in an inclined channel. Coating around the channel walls is provided by a Carreau fluid under a uniform magnetic field. Uniformly grown cilia produce propulsive metachronal waves by moving in a coordinated rhythm along the channel surface and adapt an elliptic path along the direction of flow. Using lubrication approximations, the governing equations, formulated in the wave frame of reference, are solved by the perturbation method. Validation of the analytic solution is provided by computing the solution numerically with the shooting method. This study is concerned with the parametric consequences on pertinent flow and heat transfer quantities, such as streamlines, velocity profile, temperature profile, entropy lines and the Bejan number. The results reveal that large cilia propel the axial velocity near the channel wall but put hindrance to the axial velocity and the temperature profile in the central part of the channel. The entropy production in the channel reduces for large cilia and a high Hartmann number

Analysis of Heating Effects and Different Wave Forms on Peristaltic Flow of Carreau Fluid in Rectangular Duct

The existing analysis deals with heat transfer occurrence on peristaltic transport of a Carreau fluid in a rectangular duct. Flow is scrutinized in a wave frame of reference moving with velocity c away from a fixed frame. A peristaltic wave propagating on the horizontal side walls of a rectangular duct is discussed under lubrication approximation. In order to carry out the analytical solution of velocity, temperature, and pressure gradient, the homotopy perturbation method is employed. Graphical results are displayed to see the impact of various emerging parameters of the Carreau fluid and power law index. Trapping effects of peristaltic transport is also discussed and observed that number of trapping bolus decreases with an increase in aspect ratio β

قضايا على رضي الله عنه بن أبى طالب وبعض أقواله القيمة الثمينة

Islam is a religion of justice. It wants to see justice in all walks of life. Therefore, the Holy Qur’an says: وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ.(1) Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s) gave special attention to the department of justice during his rule. `Ali (a.s) himself had served as a qazi during the time of the Prophet (a.s) and he is known for his dispensation of justice in the records of the History of Islam. After this practical experience, none could match his skills in the organization of the department of justice. Keeping the human weakness in mind, he provided sufficient compensation to the qazis that they need not think of malpractices and bribery in the discharge of their duties. Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s) was very particular about equitable treatment of the contesting parties whether they were Muslim or they were Dimmi. In this article we have described some decisions of Ali (a.s)

GA3 improves flower yield in some cucurbits treated with lead and mercury

Present study reveals florigenic effects of growth hormones (i.e. gibberellic acid, GA3 ) and heavy metals (i.e., Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2 ) in Cucumis sativus   L. and Momordica charantia   L. Applied GA3 at 400 ppm caused precocious flowering, increasing the number of pistillate and staminate flowers in both plants. Application of Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2 caused significant delay in flowering, consequently leading to reduction in number of flowers. However, when GA3 was applied with Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2 , there was less decrease in staminate and pistillate flowers, revealing the dominant effect of GA3 . It can be concluded that inhibitory effects of heavy metals on flowering were partially restored by phytohormones

Cilia and electroosmosis induced double diffusive transport of hybrid nanofluids through microchannel and entropy analysis

A mathematical model is presented to analyze the double diffusive transport of hybrid nanofluids in microchannel. The hybrid nanofluids flow is driven by the cilia beating and electroosmosis in the presence of radiation effects and activation energy. Cu–CuO/blood hybrid nanofluids are considered for this analysis. Phase difference in the beatings of mimetic cilia arrays emerge symmetry breaking pump walls to control the fluid stream. Analytical solutions for the governing equations are derived under the assumptions of Debye–Hückel linearization, lubrication, and Rosseland approximation. Dimensional analysis has also been considered for applying the suitable approximations. Entropy analysis is also performed to examine the heat transfer irreversibility and Bejan number. Moreover, trapping phenomena are discussed based on the contour plots of the stream function. From the results, it is noted that an escalation in fluid velocity occurs with the rise in slippage effects near the wall surface. Entropy inside the pump can be eased with the provision of activation energy input or by the consideration of the radiated fluid in the presence of electroosmosis. The results of the present study can be applicable to develop the emerging thermofluidic systems which can further be utilized for the heat and mass transfer at micro level