Influence of winds on temporally varying short and long period gravity waves in the near shore regions of the eastern Arabian Sea

Wave data collected off Ratnagiri, west coast of India, during 1 May 2010 to 30 April 2012 are used in this study. Seasonal and annual variations in wave data controlled by the local wind system such as sea breeze and land breeze, and remote wind generated long period waves are also studied. The role of sea breeze on the sea state during pre-and postmonsoon seasons is studied and it is found that the maximum wave height is observed at 15:00 UTC during the premonsoon season, with an estimated difference in time lag of 1-2 h in maximum wave height between premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons. Observed waves are classified in to (i) short waves (Tp <8 s), (ii) intermediate waves (8 < Tp< 13 s), and (iii) long waves (<T< p 13 s) based on peak period (Tp) and the percentages of occurrence of each category are estimated. Long period waves are observed mainly during the pre-and the postmonsoon seasons. During the southwest monsoon period, the waves with period > 13 s are a minimum. An event during 2011 is identified as swells propagated from the Southern Ocean with an estimated travelling time of 5-6 days. The swells reaching the Arabian Sea from the south Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean, due to storms during the pre-and postmonsoon periods, modify the near surface winds due to higher phase wave celerity than the wind speed. Estimation of inverse wave age using large-scale winds such as NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reflects the presence of cyclonic activity during pre-and postmonsoon seasons but not the effect of the local sea breeze/land breeze wind system

Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) fishery During 1950-72

The Bombayduck catch forms about 7% of the total, all' India landings. 97% of the catches of this fish comes from tbs coast of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Difference is observed in the pattern of seasonal variations along the Maharashtra and Gujarat coasts though the peak and trough periods for the two states coincide. The annual landings varied between 7 and 128 thousand tonnes during the 1950- ,72 period. After 1959 the bulk of the fishery appears to have shifted from Maharashtra to the Gujarat coast. During the 1960-72 period, it was the Gujarat catch that determined the trends in the landings of this fish for the country as a whole

Some characteristics of marine fish production in India

India produces annually about 0-7 million tonnes of marine fish. Total production figures as well as landings from individual fisheries vary widely over years. At the present time when increasing effort is being put in to produce higher yields a study of these figures assumes importance for a proper understanding of the resoim%s of Important fisheries. The quarterwise catch figures of important fishes have been studied and indices showing their seasonal and regional occurrence have been constructed and discussed

Effect of TiO₂ nanotube length and lateral tubular spacing on photovoltaic properties of back illuminated dye sensitized solar cell

The main objective of this study is to show the effect of TiO2 nanotube length, diameter and intertubular lateral spacings on the performance of back illuminated Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). The present study shows that processing short TiO2 nanotubes with good lateral spacings could significantly improve the performance of back illuminated DSSCs. Vertically aligned, uniform sized diameter TiO2 nanotube arrays of different tube lengths have been fabricated on Ti plates by a controlled anodization technique at different times of 24, 36, 48 and 72 h using ethylene glycol and ammonium fluoride as an electrolyte medium. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed formation of nanotube arrays spread uniformly over a large area. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) of TiO2 nanotube layer revealed the presence of crystalline anatase phases. By employing the TiO2 nanotube array anodized at 24 h showing a diameter ∼80 nm and length ∼1•5 μm as the photo-anode for back illuminated DSSCs, a full-sun conversion efficiency (η) of 3•5% was achieved, the highest value reported for this length of nanotubes

High prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among tuberculosis patients in peripheral health facilities in Kerala

Supported by the TB Union//MSF Course on Operational Researc

Performance of the ocean state forecast system at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

The reliability of the operational Ocean State Forecast system at the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) during tropical cyclones that affect the coastline of India is described in this article. The performance of this system during cyclone Thane that severely affected the southeast coast of India during the last week of December 2011 is reported here. Spec-tral wave model is used for forecasting the wave fields generated by the tropical cyclone and vali-dation of the same is done using real-time automated observation systems. The validation results indicate that the forecasted wave parameters agree well with the measurements. The feedback from the user community indicates that the forecast was reliable and highly useful. Alerts based on this operational ocean state forecast system are thus useful for protecting the property and lives of the coastal communities along the coastline of India. INCOIS is extending this service for the benefit of the other countries along the Indian Ocean rim

Wave forecasting and monitoring during very severe cyclone Phailin in the Bay of Bengal

Wave fields, both measured and forecast during the very severe cyclone Phailin, are discussed in this communication. Waves having maximum height of 13.54 m were recorded at Gopalpur, the landfall point of the cyclone. The forecast and observed significant wave heights matched well at Gopalpur with correlation coefficient of 0.98, RMS error of 0.35 m and scatter index of 14%. Forecasts were also validated in the open ocean and found to be reliable (scatter index < 15%). The study also revealed the presence of Southern Ocean swells with a peak period of 20-22 sec hitting Gopalpur coast along with the cyclone-generated waves

A neo-institutional perspective on ethical decision-making

Drawing on neo-institutional theory, this study aims to discern the poorly understood ethical challenges confronted by senior executives in Indian multinational corporations and identify the strategies that they utilize to overcome them. We conducted in-depth interviews with 40 senior executives in Indian multinational corporations to illustrate these challenges and strategies. By embedding our research in contextually relevant characteristics that embody the Indian environment, we identify several institutional- and managerial-level challenges faced by executives. The institutional-level challenges are interpreted as regulative, normative and cognitive shortcomings. We recommend a concerted effort at the institutional and managerial levels by identifying relevant strategies for ethical decision-making. Moreover, we proffer a multi-level model of ethical decision-making and discuss our theoretical contributions and practical implications