330 research outputs found
Non-Abelian Gravity and Antisymmetric Tensor Gauge Theory
A non-abelian generalisation of a theory of gravity coupled to a 2-form gauge
field and a dilaton is found, in which the metric and 3-form field strength are
Lie algebra-valued. In the abelian limit, the curvature with torsion is
self-dual in four dimensions, or has SU(n) holonomy in dimensions. The
coupling to self-dual Yang-Mills fields in 4 dimensions, or their higher
dimensional generalisation, is discussed. The abelian theory is the effective
action for (2,1) strings, and the non-abelian generalisation is relevant to the
study of coincident branes in the (2,1) string approach to M-theory. The theory
is local when expressed in terms of a vector pre-potential.Comment: 14 pages, phyzzx macro. Minor correction
Actions For (2,1) Sigma-Models and Strings
Effective actions are derived for (2,0) and (2,1) superstrings by studying
the corresponding sigma-models. The geometry is a generalisation of Kahler
geometry involving torsion and the field equations imply that the curvature
with torsion is self-dual in four dimensions, or has SU(n,m) holonomy in other
dimensions. The Yang-Mills fields are self-dual in four dimensions and satisfy
a form of the Uhlenbeck-Yau equation in higher dimensions. In four dimensions
with Euclidean signature, there is a hyperkahler structure and the sigma-model
has (4,1) supersymmetry, while for signature (2,2) there is a hypersymplectic
structure consisting of a complex structure squaring to -1 and two real
structures squaring to 1. The theory is invariant under a twisted form of the
(4,1) superconformal algebra which includes an SL(2,R) Kac-Moody algebra
instead of an SU(2) Kac-Moody algebra. Kahler and related geometries are
generalised to ones involving real structures.Comment: 32 pages, phyzzx macr
Ractopamine-induced changes in sarcoplasmic proteome profile of post-rigor pork semimembranosus muscle
Ractopamine is a beta-adrenergic agonist that increases leanness and carcass weight in finishing pigs. Our previous study observed that dietary ractopamine increased the abundance of several glycolytic enzymes in the sarcoplasmic proteome of post-rigor pork longissimus thoracis muscle. Pork semimembranosus is an economically important muscle and demonstrates differences in biochemistry compared with longissimus thoracis. Nonetheless, the effects of ractopamine on sarcoplasmic proteome of semimembranosus have not been evaluated yet. Therefore, this study examined the influence of ractopamine on sarcoplasmic proteome of post-rigor pork semimembranosus. Analyses of sarcoplasmic proteome of semimembranosus muscles from control (CON; diet without ractopamine) and ractopamine-fed (RAC; 7.4 mg/kg for 14 days followed by 10.0 mg/kg for 14 days) barrows revealed that haemoglobin subunit beta, alpha-crystallin B, and titin fragments were over-abundant in CON. In contrast, myosin light chain 1/3 and tripartite motif-containing protein 72 were over-abundant in RAC. The low abundance of haemoglobin subunit beta and alpha crystallin B in RAC could be attributed to fibre type shift (from oxidative to glycolytic) in response to ractopamine. The over-abundance of MLC 1/3 and tripartite motif-containing protein 72 in RAC could be due to the increased myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle mass in ractopamine-fed pigs. Dietary ractopamine decreased the abundance of sarcoplasmic proteins involved in oxygen transport and chaperone activity, but increased the abundance of proteins involved in muscle contraction and plasma membrane repair in pork semimembranosus muscle.Keywords: Pork, ractopamine, sarcoplasmic proteome, semimembranosu
Supranutritional supplementation of vitamin E influences mitochondrial proteome profile of post-mortem longissimus lumborum from feedlot heifers
Supplementation of vitamin E improves beef colour stability by minimizing lipid oxidation-induced myoglobin oxidation. Mitochondria affect myoglobin redox stability, and dietary vitamin E influences mitochondrial functionality in skeletal muscles. Nonetheless, the influence of vitamin E on the mitochondrial proteome of beef skeletal muscles has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary vitamin E on mitochondrial proteome of post-mortem beef longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle. Beef LL muscle samples (24 hours post-mortem) were obtained from the carcasses of nine (n = 9) vitamin E-fed (VITE) (1000 IU vitamin E for 89 days) and nine (n = 9) control (CONT) (diet without supplemental vitamin E) heifers. The mitochondrial proteome was analysed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and nine differentially abundant spots were identified. All the differentially abundant spots were over-abundant in CONT, and the proteins were electron transport chain enzymes (NADH dehydrogenase iron-sulphur protein 8, NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein 2, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B), metabolic enzymes (succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) subunit beta; dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component), and enzymes involved in ATP regeneration (creatine kinase S-type). The low abundance of these proteins in VITE may decrease mitochondrial activity, resulting in low oxidative activity. These findings suggest that the strong antioxidant activity of vitamin E leads to less expression of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes in beef skeletal muscles.Keywords: Beef colour, lipid oxidation, mitochondrial enzyme
Ractopamine-induced changes in the proteome of post-mortem beef longissimus lumborum muscle
Ractopamine is a beta-adrenergic agonist that is approved for use in beef cattle, pigs and turkeys as a repartitioning agent to increase lean muscle deposition and decrease lipogenesis. Although the effects of dietary ractopamine on the proteome profile of post-mortem pork muscles have been examined, its influence on beef muscle proteome has not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of ractopamine on the proteome profile of post-mortem beef longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle. LL muscle samples were obtained from the carcasses of six (n = 6) steers fed ractopamine (RAC; 400 mg ractopamine hydrochloride for 28 days) and six (n = 6) steers fed no ractopamine (CON). The muscle proteome was analysed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. Five differentially abundant spots were identified, and all the spots were over-abundant in RAC. The identified proteins were involved in muscle structure development (F-actin-capping protein subunit beta-2; PDZ and LIM domain protein-3), chaperone activity (heat shock protein beta-1), oxygen transport (myoglobin), and glycolysis (L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain). These results suggested that dietary ractopamine could influence the abundance of enzymes associated with muscle development and muscle fibre type shift in beef LL muscle.Keywords: growth promotants, meat quality, proteomic
Noncommutative massive Thirring model in three-dimensional spacetime
We evaluate the noncommutative Chern-Simons action induced by fermions
interacting with an Abelian gauge field in a noncommutative massive Thirring
model in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime. This calculation is performed in the
Dirac and Majorana representations. We observe that in Majorana representation
when goes to zero we do not have induced Chern-Simons term in the
dimensional regularization scheme.Comment: Accepted to Phys. Rev. D; 9 pages, Revtex4, no figures, references
added, minor improvements, Eq.31 correcte
General Axisymmetric Solutions and Self-Tuning in 6D Chiral Gauged Supergravity
We re-examine the properties of the axially-symmetric solutions to chiral
gauged 6D supergravity, recently found in refs. hep-th/0307238 and
hep-th/0308064. Ref. hep-th/0307238 finds the most general solutions having two
singularities which are maximally-symmetric in the large 4 dimensions and which
are axially-symmetric in the internal dimensions. We show that not all of these
solutions have purely conical singularities at the brane positions, and that
not all singularities can be interpreted as being the bulk geometry sourced by
neutral 3-branes. The subset of solutions for which the metric singularities
are conical precisely agree with the solutions of ref. hep-th/0308064.
Establishing this connection between the solutions of these two references
resolves a minor conflict concerning whether or not the tensions of the
resulting branes must be negative. The tensions can be both negative and
positive depending on the choice of parameters. We discuss the physical
interpretation of the non-conical solutions, including their significance for
the proposal for using 6-dimensional self-tuning to understand the small size
of the observed vacuum energy. In passing we briefly comment on a recent paper
by Garriga and Porrati which criticizes the realization of self-tuning in 6D
supergravity.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figure; JHEP3 style; Some references added, and
discussion of tension constraints and unwarped solutions made more explici
Non-Hermitian quantum mechanics in non-commutative space
We study non Hermitian quantum systems in noncommutative space as well as a
\cal{PT}-symmetric deformation of this space. Specifically, a
\mathcal{PT}-symmetric harmonic oscillator together with iC(x_1+x_2)
interaction is discussed in this space and solutions are obtained. It is shown
that in the \cal{PT} deformed noncommutative space the Hamiltonian may or may
not possess real eigenvalues depending on the choice of the noncommutative
parameters. However, it is shown that in standard noncommutative space, the
iC(x_1+x_2) interaction generates only real eigenvalues despite the fact that
the Hamiltonian is not \mathcal{PT}-symmetric. A complex interacting
anisotropic oscillator system has also been discussed.Comment: 5 pages, revised versio
DNA methylation is required to maintain both DNA replication timing precision and 3D genome organization integrity
DNA replication timing and three-dimensional (3D) genome organization are associated with distinct epigenome patterns across large domains. However, whether alterations in the epigenome, in particular cancer-related DNA hypomethylation, affects higher-order levels of genome architecture is still unclear. Here, using Repli-Seq, single-cell Repli-Seq, and Hi-C, we show that genome-wide methylation loss is associated with both concordant loss of replication timing precision and deregulation of 3D genome organization. Notably, we find distinct disruption in 3D genome compartmentalization, striking gains in cell-to-cell replication timing heterogeneity and loss of allelic replication timing in cancer hypomethylation models, potentially through the gene deregulation of DNA replication and genome organization pathways. Finally, we identify ectopic H3K4me3-H3K9me3 domains from across large hypomethylated domains, where late replication is maintained, which we purport serves to protect against catastrophic genome reorganization and aberrant gene transcription. Our results highlight a potential role for the methylome in the maintenance of 3D genome regulation
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