Internal pressure, free volume and excess thermodynamic properties of methyl acrylate+1-alkanols (C4-C10) binary mixtures from ultrasonic speed and density

The experimental values of ultrasonic speeds and densities, of binary mixtures of methyl acrylate with 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol have been used to calculate the internal pressures, free volumes, excess internal pressures, excess free volumes, excess free energy, excess enthalpy and excess entropy of mixing over the entire composition range at 298.15 K using regular solution theory. The results have been interpreted in terms of intermolecular interactions between the component molecules in the mixture. The variations of these excess properties with composition indicate that the methyl acrylate-alkanol interaction in these mixtures follows the order: 1-butanol > 1-hexanol > 1-octanol > 1-decanol. It is observed that the order of interactions in these mixtures depends upon the length of alkyl chain in the studied 1-alkanol molecules. In addition, the values of ultrasonic speeds have also been calculated theoretically for these mixtures using scaled particle theory and found to be in good agreement with experimental findings

CRISPR-Cas9: Role in Processing of Modular Metabolic Engineered Bio-Based Products

Biogenetic engineering is a significant technology to sensibly manage microbial metabolic product factories. Genome modification methods for efficiently controlling and modifying genes at the genome level have progressed in biogenetic engineering during the last decade. CRISPR is genome editing technology that allows for the modification of organisms’ genomes. CRISPR and its related RNA-guided endonuclease are versatile advanced immune system frameworks for defending against foreign DNA and RNAs. CRISPR is efficient, accessible, and trustworthy genomic modification tool in unparalleled resolution. At present, CRISPR-Cas9 method is expanded to industrially manipulate cells. Metabolically modified organisms are quickly becoming interested in the production of different bio-based components. Here, chapter explore about the control productivity of targeted biomolecules in divergent cells based on the use of different CRISPR-related Cas9

Experimental and theoretical studies of transport and optical properties of binary mixtures of acetonitrile with some alkyl methacrylates at temperatures from 298.15 to 318.15 K

The viscosities, η and refractive indices, nD of pure acetonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and of their binary mixtures with acetonitrile as the common component, covering the entire composition range were measured at temperatures (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K and atmospheric pressure. Using these experimental data, the deviations in viscosity ∆η, deviations in refractive index, ∆nD , deviations in molar refraction, ∆Rm have been calculated. These excess properties were correlated by the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The variations of ∆η, ∆nD and ∆Rm with composition and temperature has been discussed terms of intermolecular interactions existing in these mixtures. Further, the viscosities and refractive indices of these binary mixtures were calculated theoretically by using various empirical and semi-empirical relations and the results were compared with the experimental findings

Status report on emerging photovoltaics

This report provides a snapshot of emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies. It consists of concise contributions from experts in a wide range of fields including silicon, thin film, III-V, perovskite, organic, and dye-sensitized PVs. Strategies for exceeding the detailed balance limit and for light managing are presented, followed by a section detailing key applications and commercialization pathways. A section on sustainability then discusses the need for minimization of the environmental footprint in PV manufacturing and recycling. The report concludes with a perspective based on broad survey questions presented to the contributing authors regarding the needs and future evolution of PV