Masalah dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran koperatif satu persepsi guru

The aim of this research was to survey the problems of Cooperative Learning implementation among Secondary School teachers in Kota Setar District. This research had involved 200 teachers, who are teaching different subjects. The questionnaire was used to test the teacher's knowledge and skills in the implementation of Cooperative Learning. The data was collected to identify the major problems in the implementation of Cooperative Learning. Descriptive Statistic, t-Test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were used to analyzed this data. This research had proved that the main aspect which teachers face problems in the implementation of Cooperative Learning was skill aspect, the majority teachers were not well prepared with their structured teaching materials. There were four more problems which were at the average level, teachers were difficult to evaluate the students through their group work, students did not do their group assignment co-operatively, teachers were unable to control their classes when student made noise and the infrastructure in the classroom had caused obstruction on Cooperative Learning implementation. Furthermore, there was significant difference between the assignment done by the students given by the male and female teachers. There was also significant difference between teachers unable to control their classes when student made noise and obstruction of the infrastructure inside the classroom may had caused by their training period. Anyway, age, teaching experience and subjects did not caused significant difference in this problems. However the research had shown that there was no significant relationship between the problems on Cooperative Learning implementation and the supports given to the teachers and how they got their skill

The role of surface sodium species in electrochemical promotion of catalysis

PhD ThesisElectrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC) studies the promotion of catalytic activity and selectivity by supplying promoting species from the electrolyte support to the catalyst surface via the application of an external electrical potential between the catalyst-electrode and a counter electrode also supported on the electrolyte. The effect has been observed for a wide range of catalytic systems, however, very little work exists on the role of impurities in EPOC, although their presence may affect the catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of a catalyst or may in fact is necessary for the promotion to occur. In order to systematically study the role of impurities in EPOC, a known type and amount of an impurity can be deposited in increasing concentration on a nominally ‘clean’ catalyst surface. In this work, the role of sodium addition to a platinum catalyst-film interfaced with an yttria-stabilised-zirconia (YSZ) dense membrane was studied under non-reactive conditions (oxygen charge transfer) and reactive conditions (ethylene oxidation and NO reduction by propene). It was found that sodium addition on the catalyst surface can significantly affect the oxygen charge transfer, catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of the Pt/YSZ system, however, there is no clear evidence that such species are necessary for the observation of EPOC. Electrical polarisation and sodium addition seem to a first approximation to have an additive effect as electronic promoter on the electrochemical promotion when there is low lateral interaction between the surface ions and insignificant sodium interaction with the reaction components. Ethylene oxidation reaction changed in behaviour from electrophilic at low sodium coverage (0.11%) and low to intermediate oxygen partial pressure (pO2 ≤ 3kPa) to electrophobic at high sodium coverage (65%) and under high oxygen partial pressures (pO2 = 8 kPa). In between the two sets of conditions, the reaction showed volcano-type behaviour depending on the coverage of sodium and gas phase oxygen partial pressure. The behavioural changes are more complicated for the NO reduction system as more reaction components are involved especially under high oxygen partial pressures.The Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Penyingkiran racun siput gondang emas menggunakan granulasi aerobik (Removal of Gondang Emas Pesticide using Aerobic Granulation) / Azlina Mat Saad … [et al.]

Peningkatan jumlah populasi siput gondang emas dalam sawah padisecara langsung telah meningkatkan penggunaan racun perosak iaitu metaldehyde. Sisa racun perosak yang telah digunakan akan berakhir di dalam sistem air yang merupakan sumber air dan habitat kepada hidupan akuatik. Manusia dan haiwan lain turut menerima impak negatif dengan pencemaran ini. Sisa racun terkumpul di dalam badan mampu merosakkan sistem saraf dan hati. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini akan memantau keupayaan granul aerobik untuk menyingkirkan metaldehyde dari air sisa.Sebuah bioreaktor yang dikenali sebagai reaktor kumpulan penjujukan telah digunakan untuk membangunkan butiran aerobik. Sampel enapcemar diaktifkan diambil dari loji rawatan air sisa telah digunakan sebagai enapcemar benih untuk memulakan pembentukan granul aerobik.Biomas dalam enapcemar benih diberi makan air sisa sintetik yang terdiri daripada beberapa bahan kimia sebagai sumber karbon dan nutrien

Factors that contribute in successful implementing of modularity product: Study of manufacturing firm in Malaysia

Today’s business environment is becoming more turbulent as the rate of change accelerates and new technologies allow information to spread globally almost instantly. Organizations are finding themselves pulled into a vortex of complexity and increased customer demand. Generally, modularity is the important factor in running and developing business.Hence, this research is aimed to identifying the relationships between factors that to make sure the companies can survive among companies across industries in the Malaysia.Those identified factors are customer demand, manufacturing flexibility, cost, and supply chain.Through the mail survey, a total of 150 respondent representing from the manufacturing firms responded.The hypotheses involved were tested using correlation and regression techniques.The multiple regression analysis indicates that there are significant relationships among the factors on each criterion to modularity except cost.It is believed that results of this study will be beneficial for shareholders and directors of companies to apply these modularity concepts. This study investigate the significant relationship of independent variables on overall manufacturing capabilities, the results of this study indicate that customer demand, manufacturing flexibility and supply chain is a significant contributor in achieving product modularity process. Based on the results, it support the hypothesis that the customer demand, manufacturing flexibility and supply chain is essential in product modularity process

Nitric oxide removal by zinc chloride activated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre

Nitric oxide (NO) emission is known to pose detrimental effects towards the environment and human beings. Low-temperature NO removal by activated carbon from agricultural waste materials is affordable due to the use of low-cost materials as precursor and elimination of the need for flue gas reheating. The use of chemical agents in activated carbon production improves the performance of waste materials in NO removal. The performance of NO removal was investigated via breakthrough experiment using oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) activated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.5 M). Activation of EFB with 0.5 M ZnCl2 resulted in the formation of well-defined micropores, but the use of higher concentration of ZnCl2 resulted in widening of developed pores and intense pore blockage which reduce the accessibility of NO molecules to the adsorption sites. An adsorption isotherm study conducted using 0.5 M ZnCl2/EFB sample with varying NO concentration between 300-1000 ppm indicated that the adsorption process was best defined by Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, adsorption kinetic was investigated at different temperatures; i.e. 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 °C. NO removal was found to follow Avrami kinetic model at T=100 °C, while upon further increase in temperature, the process was better fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. NO adsorption capacity increases significantly beyond 250 °C up to 1000 mg/g. The activation energy of NO adsorption fell into two distinct regions: -4.73 kJ/mol at 100-200 °C and 84.04 kJ/mol at 200-300 °C. At lower temperature, the adsorption process was exothermic and followed physisorption path, while the increase in reaction temperature led to slower rate of reaction. It was concluded that the removal of NO using EFB modified with ZnCl2 at optimized condition could be a promising alternatives for treating NO-containing flue gas

Methanolysis of Ceiba Petandra (Kapok) seed for high yield fatty acid methyl ester (FAME): A parametric study

The feedstock that has high potential for biodiesel production was investigated. The ceiba petandra (CP) seed was used in this study as the feedstock. The methanolysis of the CP seed to produce high yield of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) was studied. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was used to produce the bio-crude from the CP with high ester yield. The gas chromatography- mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical content in the bio-crude. The highest oil yield was 44.68% which was obtained at 60 minutes reaction time, 300oC temperature and 4:1 methanol/ oil mass ratio. The optimum parameters for the highest ester content (67.33%) was obtained at 60 minutes reaction time, 300 oC temperature and 3:1 methanol/oil mass ratio. It is observed that CP seed has potential for the production of biodiesel

A single step transesterification process to produce biodiesel from the spent cooking oil

A direct process of transesterification has been carried out to produce high yields of biodiesel. Conversion of waste cooking oil to methyl esters was performed using potassium hydroxide-glycerol (KOH-Gly) as a catalyst. KOH-Gly was produced by mixing KOH and glycerol at a mass ratio of 1:20 at a temperature of 80 oC for 120 minutes. The process of transesterification was performed at a reaction temperature of 60 oC, a molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:6, 2% wt KOH-Gly catalytic loading for 30 minutes. This process resulted in a waste cooking oil conversion yield of about 97-98% to biodiesel using KOH-Gly as a catalyst. The two layers of the product were produced without the formation of soap, which facilitated the separation and purification process. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse the chemical content of biodiesel

Performance of waste cooking oil esterification for biodiesel production using various catalysts

In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content was esterified to produce biodiesel, and the catalysts’ performance was investigated. Two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were employed as the liquid catalysts (K2CO3-Gly and KOH-Gly), while the solid heterogeneous catalysts used were spent bleaching earth (SBE), KCC-1, and Na/KCC-1. DESs were prepared by mixing at reaction temperature and time of 80°C and 120 min, respectively. The American Standard Testing Method (ASTM) D974 determined the acid value. The catalysts were first screened for their catalytic activity in WCO esterification. The parameters investigated in this study were oil-to-methanol molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction time, and temperature. The highest conversion (94.7%) was obtained using Na/KCC-1. The performance of solid and liquid catalysts was evaluated using KOH-Gly and SBE for the reduction of FFA in WCO under different conditions of oil-to-methanol molar ratio (1:6–1:10), catalysts loading (0.2–2.0 g), reaction time (30–60 min), and temperature (40–100°C). The highest reduction of FFA in the esterification process for KOH-Gly and SBE as catalysts was 97.74% and 84.2%, respectively. Transesterification of the esterified oil shows a promising result (97%), and the process can potentially be scaled up. The GC-MS result shows that the produced oil has the highest percentage of hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester

Biochar : A review of its history, characteristics, factors that influence its yield, methods of production, application in wastewater treatment and recent development

Biochar can alleviate several issues, and it should also be inexpensive to produce. Most biochars have a high pore structure and diverse functional groups that assist in the adsorption process. Due to the attributed properties of biochar, several studies have demonstrated that biochar is getting more attention for its efficiency in facilitating wastewater treatment. However, to ensure the feasibility of biochar in wastewater treatment, the factors involved in the preparation of biochar that influences its characteristics and adsorption capacity must be understood. This study reviews the history, characteristics, factors that influence its yield, production methods, application, and recent development of biochar in wastewater treatment

Kesan gabungan aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim terhadap kualiti sumber air: kajian kes di Terusan Utara, Kedah

Suatu kajian untuk menilai kesan gabungan aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim terhadap kualiti sumber air telah dijalankan di Terusan Utara, Kedah. Kajian ini dijalankan di lima stesen terpilih selama 12 bulan berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI) dan Piawaian Interim Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (INWQS). Kajian mendapati kualiti air di Terusan Utara berada pada Kelas III dan berlaku peningkatan kualiti air dari hulu ke hilir. Hampir semua stesen berpotensi sebagai punca pencemaran berdasarkan aktiviti guna tanah terutamanya di Pelubang, Jitra serta Tunjang. Kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan ketika perubahan musim pada DO, TSS serta BOD, namun tidak pada ammonia, pH dan COD. Secara amnya, kombinasi aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim boleh mempengaruhi atau memberi kesan terhadap kualiti sumber air. Oleh itu, tindakan segera perlu dilakukan untuk mengawal punca pencemaran bagi memastikan kualiti sumber air di Terusan Utara kekal terpelihara