The Effect of Nebivolol on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-induced Vasospasm in the Rabbit

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the vasorelaxation effect of nebivolol on vasospasm in the rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Method:Single-hemorrhage model in the rabbit SAH was employed. SAH was induced in animals by cisterna manga injection of 4 mL autologous blood. Thirty-two animals were categorized into four groups: 1) control group (no SAH), 2) SAH group, 3) SAH + solvent infused group and 4) SAH + nebivolol treatment group. Forty-eight hours after SAH-induction, rabbits in group 3 and in 4 were received solvent or nebivolol, respectively. Nebivolol (0.073 mg/kg) was administered via the vertebral artery in 5 minutes. Digital subtraction angiography was performed at forty-nine hour following SAH-induced groups. The diameters of basilar arteries in four groups were measured at three points, and the average of the measurements was accepted as a consecutive result.Results:SAH-induced rats demonstrated severe vasospasm on day 2. Angiographic vasospasm was present in group 2 (SAH only), and in 3 (SAH plus solvent). Animals in group 4 (SAH plus nebivolol) and group 1 (control), respectively, demonstrated the largest diameters of basilar arteries. Animals treated with nebivolol has reached eighty-eight percent of the value in the control group 1. There was no statistical difference between the control group and SAH plus nebivolol treatment group (p>0.05). However, the difference was obtained between the groups SAH plus solvent and SAH plus nebivolol treatment (p<0.01).Conclusion:Vasospasm of the rat basilar arteries were significantly reversed by delivery of nebivolol directly into the constricted basilar artery. That drug used in cardiovascular disease may serve as a new treatment in the management of SAH patients

A Malignant Transformation of a Spinal Epidural Mass from Ganglioneuroblastoma to Neuroblastoma

Ganglioneuromas are benign tumors. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice with very good prognosis. However, neuroblastomatous malignant transformation of ganglioneuromas was previously reported. We report a patient with spinal neuroblastoma recurrent from a ganglioneuroblastoma after disease free survival of 13 years. This is one of the rare examples of spinal neuroblastoma and to our knowledge the second case report with malignant transformation from a ganglioneuroblastoma or a ganglioneuroma. The present case is the only report in the literature with further genetic investigations