Viscosities of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with Toluene & Xylenes

503-50

Kinetics of Oxidation of Cinnamyl Alcohol with Chloramine- T in Hydrochloric Acid Medium

808-81

Spice bioactives in edible packaging

Edible packaging received significant attention in recent years. The main advantage of edible packaging over synthetic packaging is that they are environment friendly. The material used in edible packaging (lipids, polysaccharides, proteins) is generally recognized as safe and it acts as a barrier to gases, light and moisture. Spices have been traditionally used for its medicinal value. Spice extract or its essential oil possesses various bioactive compounds which are known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial property. Incorporation of spice extract or its essential oil into edible packaging exerts antimicrobial activity against the food pathogens thus preventing food spoilage and enhances the shelf-life and also increases the nutritional value of the final product. Antioxidant properties of spices retard the lipid oxidation. Dietary allergy and intolerance are also associated with packaging material and spices. Because of the high cost of film-forming material, scaling-up of edible packaging has remained a problem

Friction Stir Welding of Similar Metals by Taguchi Optimization Technique -A Review

In order to meet the global competition and the survival of products in the market a new way of thinking is necessary to change and improve the existing technology and to develop products at economical price.This paper discusses use taguchi experiment design technique for maximizing tensile strength of friction stir welding AA6061 and AA6061. In friction stir welding, the joints are formed in the solid state by utilizing the heat generated by friction. The objectives of this study are obtaining friction weld element of aluminium 6061 to aluminium 6061 and optimising the friction stir welding parameters in order to establish the weld quality. Effect of tensile strength of friction stir welding process parameter (Rotational speed, travel speed, axial force and tilt angle) is evaluated and optimum welding condition for maximum tensile strength is determined

Microstructural Modifications of As-Age Hardening 7071 Aluminium Alloy using Friction Stir Welding

Objective: Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid state welding technique for similar and dissimilar materials, especially on current interest with Aluminium 7071 to Aluminim 7071. Method/Analysis: The present paper discusses the process parameters followed by mechanical properties and microstructures which affect the weld strength. Findings: Mechanical properties-Tensile strength attained with different process parameters and Microstructures are obtained by Optical Metallurgical Microscopy (MET SCOPE-1) and a Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with an X-radiation detector EDS Conclusion/Application: In this study Similar FSW between Al 7071 to Al 7071plates with thickness 6mm were performed. The future research will contain creep tests and microstructural investigations using aluminium 7071 alloy using TEM microscopy (Transmission Electron Microscopy).It is demonstrated that FSW of aluminium to aluminium alloys is becoming an emerging technology with numerous commercial applications

Experimental observation of quantum corrections to electrical resistivity in nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys

X-ray diffraction patterns of nanocrystalline Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B (FINEMET) alloys reveal that bcc α-Fe/α -FeSi crystallites with the average grain size of 20(5) nm are dispersed in amorphous matrix. Enhanced electron-electron interaction (EEI) and quantum interference (QI) effects as well as electron-magnon (and/or electron-spin fluctuation) scattering turn out to be the main mechanisms that govern the temperature dependence of resistivity. Of all the inelastic scattering processes, inelastic electron-phonon scattering is the most effective mechanism to destroy phase coherence of electron wave functions. The diffusion constant, density of states at the Fermi level and the inelastic scattering time have been estimated, for the first time, for the alloys in question

Three different interlocking intramedullary nails for unstable reverse oblique inter-trochanteric fractures: a bio-mechanical comparative study

Background: Biomechanical testing, intramedullary devices have proven advantageous over the extramedullary devices in the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Reverse oblique type of intertrochanteric fractures are highly unstable and intramedullary nails are currently the method of internal fixation. The currently available nails seems to provide rotational, axial and angular stability, but biomechanical analysis of the strain pattern in the bone and implant in this fractures are lacking. The aim of this experimental study was to analyse the strain in three different long femoral nail-bone units under physiological loading when implanted in Saw bone model after creating a reverse oblique intertrochanteric fracture.Methods: A total of 12 sawbones were divided in to 4 equal groups. Group 1 was intact saw bones and were used as controls. Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were implanted with Depuy, Stryker and Synthes nails respectively after creating a reverse oblique intertrochanteric fracture. All the four groups were axially loaded with 100 N increments until physiological loads. The strain patterns were measured at the posteromedial cortex and the peak strains were extracted at partial weight bearing i.e. 500 N and full weight bearing physiological loads i.e. 1000 N.Results: There was no significant difference in peak strains among the groups at partial loads. However at 1000 N loads the peak strain in the DePuy nail-bone unit was significantly high compared to the other two nail-bone units and the controls. Conclusions: These results question the safety of immediate full weight bearing following surgery when treating the reverse oblique unstable fractures with DePuy intramedullary nails. A period of partial weight bearing following fixation of reverse oblique fractures would be wise when using DePuy nails

Laryngeal nerve “anastomoses”

Laryngeal nerves have been observed to communicate with each other and forma variety of patterns. These communications have been studied extensively and have been of particular interest as it may provide an additional form of innervation to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Variations noted in incidence may help explain the variable position of the vocal folds after vocal fold paralysis. This study aimed to examine the incidence of various neural communications and to determine their contribution to the innervation of the larynx. Fifty adult cadaveric en-bloc laryngeal specimens were studied. Three different types of communications were observed between internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves viz. (1) Galen’s anastomosis (81%): in 13%, it was observed to supply the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle; (2) thyroarytenoid communication (9%): this was observed to supply the thyroarytenoid musclein 2% of specimens and (3) arytenoid plexus (28%): in 6%, it supplied a branch tothe transverse arytenoid muscle. The only communication between the externaland recurrent laryngeal nerves was the communicating nerve (25%). In one lefthemi-larynx, the internal laryngeal nerve formed a communication with the externall aryngeal nerve, via a thyroid foramen. The neural communications that exist in the larynx have been thought to play a role in laryngeal innervation. The results of this study have shown varying incidences in neural communications. Contributions fromthese communications have also been noted to various in trinsic laryngeal muscles which may be a possible factor responsible for the variable position of the vocalfolds in certain cases of vocal fold paralysis

Multipaction Susceptibility Margins in Space Travelling wave Tubes

Study of multipaction breakdown margins in the output connector of a travelling-wave tube (TWT) is essential for application in satellite-borne systems. A TWT uses a coaxial ceramic window, a coaxial output coupler and / or a waveguide output coupler that are prone to multipaction breakdown boosted by high RF power due to the ion accumulation in critical regions during the transition of the satellite through plasma pockets in space. A detailed procedure for estimating the multipaction susceptibility margins in a TWT using CST studio and analytical equations is presented in this paper, and output couplers of two typical TWTs are analysed and the results are presented