Emotional topics as reasons for language swiching in bilinguals: interaction between emotional and culture, and the semantic categorisation of topics

The aim of this research is to investigate whether culture and emotions affect language choice in bilinguals. It also seeks to research what culture-specific topics tend to arouse emotions in bilinguals and whether the inducing of bilinguals into communicating about a strongly emotional topic leads them to favour L1 or L2, even when the topic is relevant to the culture of their L2.This study uses an online questionnaire for data collection, which was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Ninety responses were examined to gain understanding of what topics participants perceive to be emotional and to investigate reasons for why participants switch languages. This study found that although discussion topics can make participants emotional to the extent that they switch languages, results however also demonstrate that individual differences and other factors play an important role in language-switching. Reporting to the hypothesis of this study, as to whether bilinguals will favour speaking the language of the culture a discussion topic relates to when experiencing strong emotions, a significant main effect of culture on language choice was found. This study finds that topics that relate to participants' social lives and culture are perceived as highly emotional. Participants vary in terms of topics they consider emotional and important. No definitive topics exist that would make participants necessarily emotional to the same degree. A majority of participants uses the L2 in the workplace or at university. This points to the role of workplace and perhaps university as being important places for language practice and acculturation. Results also show that memory encoding, embodiment, context, social purposes and cultural scripts affect language choice. Findings specifically point to the family home and the sharing of one's life with a partner and family as contexts, which allow for the continued practice and the emotional encoding of life events in an L2, that can ultimately lead to L2 dominance

A Política do Carbono Zero e os Desafios da Indústria Têxtil Para a Neutralização na Emissão de CO2

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Blumenau, Engenharia Têxtil.Existe na atualidade uma grande preocupação relativa ao tema ambiental e o ônus da indústria têxtil nos impactos causados pela sua robusta cadeia produtiva. Os inúmeros processos desde o cultivo ou síntese da fibra, fiação a tecelagem, bem como, beneficiamento de tecidos, demandam de grande quantidade de energia térmica e processamento mecânico. No qual, utilizam-se recursos naturais e combustíveis fósseis para sua autonomia produtiva. Visando esta perspectiva, o fenômeno do aquecimento global é uma consequência direta vinculada à questões energéticas e a elevada emissão de gases gerados pelos combustíveis fósseis empregados na indústria. Os efeitos desse aquecimento mostram-se cada vez mais devastadores, evidenciando a necessidade de adequação por parte da indústria, na tentativa de minimizar os danos causados ao meio ambiente, e com isso, preservar não somente o planeta, mas também a economia global, que deve caminhar para modelos de negócio cada vez mais ambientalmente sustentáveis e “limpos”, além de socialmente responsáveis. Para tanto, a comunidade internacional vem traçando medidas e acordos que visam estabelecer metas de redução de agentes poluentes através de mecanismos que englobam crescimento econômico, responsabilidade e interesses sociais, corroborando para um sistema em equilíbrio com as demandas climáticas severas e atuais. Diante deste contexto, a política de créditos de carbono foi estabelecida com o Protocolo de Kyoto no ano de 1997, com o objetivo de ser uma ferramenta econômica que fomente meios de produção mais limpos, com a redução na emissão de gases poluentes, responsáveis pelo aquecimento global. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a contextualização acerca dos impactos causados ao meio ambiente pela indústria têxtil e quais as medidas para diminuir a emissão de gases. Além do impacto na comercialização de créditos de carbono para a transformação da indústria em um modelo mais sustentável e economicamente viável. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada baseou-se na revisão bibliográfica de termos relacionados ao tema. Bem como, estudo de caso do emprego da política de carbono em uma indústria têxtil. Os resultados demonstraram que as estratégias adotadas pela empresa contribuíram positivamente para a gestão de carbono.There is currently a great concern regarding the environmental issue and the burden of the textile industry in the impacts caused by its robust production chain. The different processes from fiber cultivation or synthesis, spinning to weaving, as well as fabric improvement, demand a large amount of thermal energy and mechanical processing. In which, natural resources and fossil fuels are used for their productive autonomy. From this perspective, the phenomenon of global warming is a direct consequence linked to energy issues and the high emission of gases generated by fossil fuels is industry. The effects of this warming are becoming more and more devastating, highlighting the need for control by the industry, in an attempt to minimize the damage caused to the environment, and with that, to preserve not only the planet but also the global economy, that must move towards increasingly environmentally responsible and ''clean'' business models, as well as socially responsible. To this end, the international community has been drawing up measures and agreements that aim to establish targets for the reduction of polluting agents through exchanges that encompass economic growth, responsibility and social interests, corroborating for a system in balance with the diverse and current climatic demands. In this context, the carbon credit policy was established with the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, with the aim of being an economic tool that encourages cleaner means of production, with a reduction in the emission of polluting gases, responsible for global warming. This work aims to contextualize the impacts caused to the environment by the textile industry and what measures to reduce gas emissions, in addition to the impact on the transformation of carbon credits for the transformation of the industry into a more sustainable model and economically viable. Therefore, the methodology used was based on a bibliographical review of terms related to the theme. As well as a case study of the use of carbon policy in a textile industry. The satisfactory results that the strategies adopted by the company contributed positively to carbon management

Rhodium(I) complexes containing the enolate of N-acetyl-3-butanoyltetramic acid (Habta) and the crystal structure of [Rh(abta)P(OPh)(3)(2)]

Reaction of N-acetyl-3-butanoyltetramic acid (Habta) (N-acetyl-3-butanoyl-1,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-one) with [Rh(acac)(CO)(2)] (acac = acetylacetonate) in a 1:1 ratio gave [Rh(abta)(CO)(2)] 1 which underwent displacement of CO by either P(OPh)(3) or PPh(3) to give [Rh(abta)(CO)L] [L = P(OPh)(3) or 2 PPh(3) 4] and [Rh(abta)P(OPh)(3)(2)] 3; the reaction of 4 with PPh(3) gave the five-co-ordinate complex [Rh(abta)(CO)(PPh(3))(2)] 5. The solid-state structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction. It shows that rhodium adopts a slightly distorted square-planar geometry with the abta enolate ligand adopting an O,O’ mode of co-ordination via the functionalities associated with C-4 and the acyl group at C-3 in the pyrrolidine ring. Under (CO)-C-13, 3 is in equilibrium with 2 and 1 as shown by C-13 NMR spectroscopy. No evidence has been found for the formation of five-co-ordinate complexes through the addition of P(OPh)(3) to 2