The effect of Zinc supplementation in acute diarrhea among 4-24 months old children

Background and Objective: Zinc is one of the micronutrient with many roles in health, especially among the growing children. It has been thought that Zinc deficiency cause diarrhea, and Zinc supplementation can prevent it in children. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to determine the effect of Zinc sulphat on 4-24 month old children dirrahea. This clinical trial study was done double blind, the sample were study 4-24 month old afflicted with acute diarrhea in pediatric ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran during 2006. The sample size was 40 and mached by Blocks Randomization. The children in case group (intervention) received Zinc sulfate (9mg/kg/day) during ten days. In the Control groups they there given distilled water instead. The data was analyzed, using t-test and manwitney test. Results: During ten days of monitoring there was not significant differences between two groups. Duration of diarrhea in case and control groups was 5.72±3.15 and 5.32±2.58 days respectivley this diffence was not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that Zinc sulfate has no benefit on acute diarrhea in childhoo

A combined theoretical and thermal analysis study on the solid state linkage isomerization of Ni(II)-nitrite complexes with ethylenediamine derivatives^*

<p>Solid state stepwise nitro–nitrito linkage isomerization of <i>trans</i>-[dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)], <i>[Ni(en)</i>_<i>2</i><i>(NO</i>_<i>2</i><i>)</i>_<i>2</i><i>] (</i><b><i>N,N</i></b>-<b><i>en</i></b><i>)</i>, <i>trans</i>-[dinitrobis(N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine)nickel(II)], <i>[Ni(N,N</i>′-<i>dmen)</i>_<i>2</i><i>(NO</i>_<i>2</i><i>)</i>_<i>2</i><i>] (</i><b><i>N,N</i></b>-<b><i>dmen</i></b><i>)</i>, and <i>trans</i>-[dinitritobis(N,N-dimethylethylenediamine)nickel(II)], <i>[Ni(N,N</i>-<i>dmen)</i>_<i>2</i><i>(ONO)</i>_<i>2</i><i>] (</i><b><i>O,O</i></b>-<b><i>udmen</i></b><i>)</i> were investigated by performing non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses and the thermodynamic and thermokinetic parameters of isomerization were determined using DSC curves. Both <b>N,N</b>-<b>en</b> and <b>N,N-dmen DSC curves</b> show an endothermic peak at elevated temperatures, attributed to dinitro-to-dinitrito linkage isomerization. Similar exothermic peaks were observed in the cooling cycle, assigned to the reverse dinitrito-to-dinitro isomerization. The <b>O,O</b>-<b>udmen</b> isomer is more stable than the corresponding dinitro one at ambient temperatures, but an exothermic dinitrito-to-dinitro isomerization occurs upon cooling down to −70 °C and reverts endothermically to dinitrito isomer upon heating up to ambient temperature. The overlapping DSC peaks associated with stepwise linkage isomerization were resolved using nonlinear fitting method. The peak temperature and the enthalpy changes of linkage isomerization are inversely dependent on the steric hindrance provided by diamine ligands, which increases in the order <b>udmen</b> > <b>dmen</b> > <b>en</b>. The results showed that the steric factor of the co-ligands also influences the kinetic parameters of isomerization, so that more bulky ligand substituent leads to higher isomerization rate constants. A DFT and TD-DFT calculations have been carrid out on  both dinitro complexes of this investigation .</p

Comparison of the Effects of Relaxation and Vitamin B6 on Emotional and Physical Symptoms in Premenstrual Syndrome

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is consisted of multiple psychological and emotional symptoms. This disorder possesses adverse effects on women’ economic, social, familial and professional issues, therefore various medical therapies have been suggested, thus all have own side effects. Aim: To compare the effects of relaxation and vitamin B6 on emotional and physical symptoms of PMS. Method: This is a randomized clinical trial study with pre- and post-test design. The study was conducted on 150 girls living in public dormitory whom were randomly divided into three groups. The relaxation group trained in two sessions and then one week before menstruation, the taught techniques were carried out on a daily basis. The second group received 80mg vitamin B6 tablets QD for one week before menstruation and then three times a week for one cycle. The third group received no intervention as control group. Each day, data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and where analyzed using SPSS version 14 with paired T and ANOVA tests. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.6±1.5 and their average weight was 54.1± 6.6. The mean scores of psychological symptoms after the interventionwere 1.2± 0.2 in vitamin B6 group, 0.3± 0.7 in relaxation group, and 1.6 ± 0.4 in the control group (

The Effect of Low-Dose Remifentanil on the Hemodynamic Responses of Endotracheal Extubation

Emergence from general anesthesia can be associated with coughing, agitation, and hemodynamic disturbances. Remifentanil may attenuate these responses. We have examined the effect of remifentanil on the hemodynamic response to the emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation. In a double-blind, randomized trial, we enrolled 50 adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery. All patients received a standard general anesthetic comprising propofol, atracurium and 1% isoflurane with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. At the end of surgery, a bolus dose of remifentanil 0.2 microgram/kg (n = 25) or saline placebo (n = 25) was given and tracheal extubation was performed when standard criteria were achieved. Arterial pressure and heart rate were measured non-invasively, immediately after tracheal extubation and then at 1-min intervals. Remifentanil attenuated the increase in both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate after extubation compared to the control group. No differences in SpO2, cough and laryngospasm were observed between two groups. Use of a low-dose remifentanil has clinically acceptable effect in blunting the cardiovascular changes induced by tracheal extubation

Efficiency Assessment of Local Exhaust Ventilation Hoods System for Control of Fe2O3 Dust in the process of Oxide Screen Unit at iron making in steel industry

Background & Objectives : Local exhaust ventilation system (LEV) is one of the most common engineering controls methods for the chemical agents in workplaces. This study aimed to determine the efficiency assessment of the LEV system for control of Fe2O3 dust in the process of oxide screen unit at iron making in steel industry . Methods : The LEV system with an extensive network of ducting including 17 hoods was investigated in a cross-sectional study. The First, variations and contradictions of the system and process were compared versus documentation (system plans), then hood Efficiency Assessment accomplished by using of the dust concentration measurement besides of the each hood (source), at two status ON and OFF of LEV system (Repeat three times), by NIOSH 500 method. Results : Result of statistical test between the concentration of pollutants at two status ON/OFF of LEV system, in 7 of 17 hoods, didn’t show significantly different (P <0.05). Enclosed hood at the material falling from the tank to the feeder, with 85% efficiency and 3.3±1.5mg/m3 concentration at ON status was the highest efficiency. Two hoods, one enclosed hood at material falling from the Feeder into the screen and other unenclosed at material falling from conveyor to conveyor (small size at below screen), both with 2% efficiency and the 243.2±73.5 and 3462.4±1339 mg/m3 concentration demonstrated the lowest efficiency at ON status. Also the highest concentration of contaminants was at the unenclosed hood installed in the place of pellets falling from the conveyor into the tank with 5.03g/m3 and efficiency of 7%. Conclusion : The few hoods of the investigated LEV did not have appropriate performance and had different efficiency. Even, some hoods (branches) show negative efficiency due to return of contaminant from the hood to workplace area

Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of Some Metals Chelates with Chromene-2-one and Pyrazine-Based Ligands

The present paper deals with the synthesis of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II) complexes with two bidentate ligands, L1 (3-(quinoxaline-2-yl)-coumarin) and L2 (2-methylene-2H-chromene-3-(methyl carbonimidic)thioanhydride). The L1 ligand was prepared by treating w-bromo-3-acetylcoumarin with 1,2-phenylenediamine whereas the ligand L2 was prepared through substitution reaction ofw-bromo-3-acetylcoumarin with potassium thiocyanate in ethanol medium. The confirmation of the structures for L1 and L2 were done by (C.H.N.S.) elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR and mass spectra. The metal complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II), with L1 and L2, were prepared and isolated in the solid state then characterized by (C.H.N.M) elemental analysis, proton and carbon-13 NMR, FT-IR and mass spectra. Furthermore, the thermal analysis (TG-DSC) for some complexes assisted us in the elucidation of the suggested structures of complexes and confirmed their thermal stability. The results obtained from elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and thermal analysis confirmed that all metal complexes were formed in 2:1 molar ratio of ligand to metal with octahedral structures except cadmium(II) complexes which were in a tetrahedron geometry with 1:1 mole ratio. The complexes are found to be soluble in DMF and DMSO. The results obtained from TG-DSC analysis revealed that the metal complexes were thermally stable with point decomposition over 350 °C. The DFT/TDDFT calculations were carried out to provide the electronic structures and spectra of the compounds

Determining the relationship between health literacy level and quality of life among the elderly living in nursing homes

BACKGROUND: The literacy level of the elderly is predictive of health behaviors, average hospitalization in health centers, and the type of verbal interaction with health service providers; as the level of literacy changes, the quality of life may also change. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy level and quality of life among the elderly living in nursing homes in 2018-2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was of a descriptive-analytic, correlation type that was performed on 175 elderly of selected nursing homes in Tehran. The research tools included the Abbreviated Mental Test; Control, Autonomy, Pleasure and Self-realization questionnaire-19; and Health Literacy of Iranian Adults Questionnaire (HELIA). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS 22 software. RESULTS: The total score of health literacy and the quality of life of the elderly was 51.01 and 47.75, respectively. The literacy of most of the studied samples was 'inadequate' and 'not much adequate' (0-66). The relationship between health literacy and quality of life in the elderly was significant, and there was a direct and statistically significant relationship between them (P = 0.003). That is, by an increase in literacy rates, the scores of quality of life of elderly people were also increased. The correlation was equal to r =-0.28. Health literacy has the ability (31.98%) to predict the quality of life. CONCLUSION: The results showed a lack of enough education literacy, the average quality of life, and the existence of a significant relationship between health literacy and quality of life in the elderly. The wide range of inadequate literacy in the elderly reveals the importance of paying more attention to the issue of literacy in health planning and health promotion at the national and local levels

The Iranian blood pressure measurement campaign, 2019: study protocol and preliminary results

Purpose Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for premature mortality and morbidity in Iran. The objective of the Iranian blood pressure (BP) measurement campaign was to identify individuals with raised blood pressure and providing appropriate care and increase the awareness among the public and policymakers of the importance of tackling hypertension. Methods The campaign was conducted in two phases. The first (communication) phase started on May 17th (International Hypertension Day). The second phase started on June 8th, 2019, and lasted up to July 7th during which, blood pressures were measured. The target population was Iranians aged >= 30 years. Participants voluntarily referred to health houses in rural and health posts and comprehensive health centers in urban areas in the setting of the Primary Health Care network. Additionally, over 13,700 temporary stations were set up in highly visited places in urban areas. Volunteer healthcare staff interviewed the participants, measured their BP, and provided them with lifestyle advice and knowledge of the risks and consequences of high blood pressure. They referred participants to physicians in case their BP was high. Participants immediately received a text message containing the relevant advice based on their measured BP and their past history. Results Blood pressure was measured for a total of 26,678,394 participants in the campaign. A total of 13,722,148 participants (51.4%) were female. The mean age was 46 +/- 14.1 years. Among total participants, 15,012,693 adults (56.3%) with no past history of hypertension had normal BP, 7,959,288 participants had BP in the prehypertension range (29.8%), and finally, 3,706,413 participants (13.9%) had either past medical history of hypertension, used medications, or had high BP measured in the campaign. Conclusion The campaign was feasible with the objective to increase the awareness among the public and policymakers of the importance of tackling hypertension in Iran