Clinical trials on silver nanoparticles for wound healing (review)

Despite the prevalence of different kinds of wounds among people around the world, challenges ahead for managing wound healing continues. One of the most important issues for wound healing is infection that can delay healing process. Also, drug-resistant infections are growing as a worrying challenge in medicine. A lot of studies done over different methods to improve wound healing process, which in this regard, antibacterial nanoparticles have emerged to market for wound healing. Silver nanoparticles are the first kinds of nanoparticles that emerged in market as a wound dressing for wound healing and some of studies declared their clinical results for silver nanoparticles wound dressing for different kinds of wounds. In this review, we tried to browse clinical trials through using silver nanoparticles for wound healing to peruse the efficacy of silver nanoparticles dressing. The need for more study about efficacy and safety of silver nanoparticles is still a question

The relationship of the psychological coping and adjustment strategies of infertile women with the success of assisted reproductive technology

Background: The success of assisted reproductive techniques plays a very important role in the quality of life of infertile couples and decreases the negative behavior states of infertility. Objective: This study aimed at determining the relationship between psychological coping and adjustment strategies with the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Materials and Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 204 women visiting Milad Infertility Center in Mashhad during 2015-2016. The research instruments included Fertility Adjustment Scale and Infertility Coping Strategies Scale. The positive result of two pregnancy tests within 48 hours was considered as the success of ART. Results: The mean and standard division score of adjustment in the group achieved treatment success (34.3±8.2) exceeded the group failed (33.6±8.8), the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.381). Also, there was no significant difference between groups in the median and interquartile range of total coping strategies 81 (13) vs. 79.5 (12.25), (p= 0.369). Based on the logistic regression model for one increased transferred embryo, the chance of getting pregnant is 1.3 times, and for each unit increase in FSH level, the chance of ART success decreases 18%. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is no relationship between psychological coping and adjustment strategies with ART success. However, the number of transferred fetus and tirthday FSH are introduced as factors that are related to the success of ART. Key words: Infertility, Psychological adjustment, Coping skills, (ART)

The Relationship between Sexual Assertiveness and Positive Feelings towards Spouse in Married Women

Background & aim: Stability and survival of marital life depends on the love and positive feelings towards spouse in married couples. Sexual assertiveness is considered as a person's ability to have intercourse to meet his/her sexual needs and promote sexual relationships with the spouse. The more couples are aware of each other's sexual needs and can satisfy those needs, the more desirably their emotional bond are developed. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between sexual assertiveness and positive feelings towards spouse in married women. Methods: This correlational study was conducted in 2016 on 60 women visiting Imam Reza Medical Center in Mashhad, Iran. The subjects who were selected through convenience sampling were married and involved in a heterosexual marriage for a minimum of one year. Data was collected using Halbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness and Positive Feelings Questionnaire. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-squared test were run in SPSS, version 16. Results: Higher sexual assertiveness scores were associated with more positive feelings towards spouse. The multivariate regression analysis reflected a significant positive correlation between sexual assertiveness and positive feeling toward spouse (r=0.5,

Estimation of Foetal Weight

Background Foetal weight is an important consideration when making decisions about intervention in labour. Although weight is estimated in the beginning of labour, the relevant decisions are made at the end of labour. It is not clear whether the estimation of weight at the beginning of labour is more accurate than the estimation at the end of labour. Method This prospective study included 214 pregnant women. Foetal weights were estimated at the time of admission, at full dilatation or before Cesarean section (CS) using Johnson’s formula and multiplying symphysio-fundal height by the abdominal girth measurement. Results The accuracy of estimation of weight by the Johnson formula (insert measuring tape) at the beginning of labour was similar to weight at the end of labour, but the weight obtained by multiplying the symphysio-fundal height by the abdominal girth (insert the measuring tape and holding it straight) at the beginning of labour was more accurate than the same process at the end of labour (p < 0.001). However, using the Johnson formula (holding the meter straight) at the end of labour was more accurate than it was at the beginning of labour (p = 0.02). Conclusion The accuracy of estimated weight varies depending on time, the method used, and the formula of measurement

The Relationship between Cormic Index and Mode of Delivery

Background & aim: The risks of maternal mortality and morbidity associated with cesarean delivery are three and two times higher than vaginal delivery, respectively. The majority of cesarean sections are due to failure to progress in labor. One of the common risk factors for failure to progress is small maternal body size. Cormic index is an indicator of body composition assessment, which estimates trunk and leg length. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between Cormic index and mode of delivery. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 170 pregnant women referred to Omolbanin Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. Standing and sitting heights were measured at the onset of active phase of labor. Cormic index was calculated as sitting height/standing height×100. Mode of delivery was followed and recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney tests were performed, using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean Cormic index was 52.04±2.85. There was a significant relationship between mode of delivery and Cormic index, sitting and standing heights, and leg length measures. However, there was no significant relationship between body mass index and mode of delivery. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that mode of delivery is associated with Cormic index. With high Cormic indices (long trunk and short legs) the rate of assisted delivery rose compared to vaginal and cesarean deliveries

Effect of Attachment Training on Paternal-fetal Attachment

Background & aim: Paternal-fetal attachment develops an emotional relationship between father and his infant which can affect their future interactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of attachment training on paternal-fetal attachment. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in Karmandan and 22 Bahman health centers in Mashhad in 2015. The participants of the study consisted of 60 randomly-selected fathers whose wives `gestational age was 28 to 32 weeks. The intervention group received three 120-min sessions of attachment training once a week in the forms of group discussion, lectures, question and answer, film screenings, and educational booklet. Data collection was performed by means of two questionnaires, named personal and fertility characteristics questionnaire and Weaver Cranley paternal-fetalattachment questionnaire. Two groups were assessed before, immediately after, and 3 weeks after intervention (follow-up) by paternal-fetal attachment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 22) using the Chi-square, independent t-test, Fisher, Mann-Whitney U test, and repeated measure tests. P Results: The results of repeated measures showed that mean scores of paternal-fetal attachment was not significantly different between the control and intervention groups before training (P=0.527) However, paternal-fetal attachment significantly increased at post-test (P=0.069) and follow-up (P=0.006) in the experimental group. Conclusion: Attachment training increases paternal-fetal attachment; therefore, pregnancy care programs should include training sessions for fathers

The effect of teaching World Health Organization prescription guidelines on the prescribing skills of midwifery students

Background and Aim: The most effective way to prevent irrational use of medicines is appropriate trainin&nbsp;and the best time for training, is before the formation of inappropriate prescribing habit. Therefore ,the aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching WHO prescription guidelines on prescribing skills of midwifery students. Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 26 senior students of Midwifery at the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Mashhad University were selected through convenience sampling in 2010.&nbsp;Data collection included demographic form, and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), respectively. Four-hour training program was presented through two consecutive sessions of lecture. Before, immediately after and two weeks after the intervention, students&rsquo; prescribing skill was evaluated by OSCE.&nbsp;Finally, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 18, ANOVA and Friedman Tests. Findings: students&rsquo; prescribing skill after the intervention increased significantly in OSCE; there was a significant statistical difference (p>0.001) between before and immediately after the intervention, before and two weeks after the intervention. However, there was not a significant statistical difference (p=0.629) between immediately after the intervention and two weeks after the intervention. &nbsp;Despite the rise in the acquired score in the scientific test after the intervention, there was no significant statistical difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: holding training courses for logical prescription of medicines like the WHO guidelines can lead to the improve in the prescribing skill of midwifery student

The use of cranberry for prevention of Urinary tract infection

Background and Aims:Urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. Antibiotics can be used for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection,and due to the adverse effects of chemical medicines including allergen effects, resistance creation to bacteria and toxicity cases, herbal treatment have been noticed alternatively. This study aimed to identify effective herbal drugs on preventing urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods:Databases such as Ovid, Medline, Scopus, Science direct and Inter science were searched using keywords such as complementary therapy, herbal medicine, alternative medicine and urinary tract infection from 1994 to 2012. Results:Studies have shown that herbal products particularl

Attitude of Undergraduate Midwifery Students about Final Comprehensive Exam in Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery School

Introduction: Final comprehensive exam is the most important examination for midwifery students to evaluate their professional ability. Since this is the main concern of the students in their educational period, this study was designed to investigate the attitude of undergraduate midwifery students about this exam in Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery school in 2008. Methods: In this descriptive study, 33 midwifery students who had passed their final exam in 2007 were selected by cross sectional sampling method. The data were collected by researcher made questionnaire, and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation-test and ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: Based on the results, students’ attitude about final-exam was desirable (80.15%±12.10%). Obedience of ethical and professional principles was in the highest level (84.66%±18.68%) but adequate time for patients’ management was in the lowest level (71.02%±10.51). Students scored final exam in maternity unit, in gynecology clinic, prenatal care clinic and maternal care so that mean and standard deviations were 15.80±51.10, 81.38±11.78, 80.82±13.91, 74.54±16.92 out of 100 respectively. There was a significant relationship between students’ information about evaluation forms of final-exam and their attitude to that (p=0.001). Conclusion: Midwifery students’ attitude to final exam was in appropriate level. It is essential to promote exam condition and students preparation through making them more familiar with evaluation forms in addition to continuation of the present programs

The Relationship of Spiritual Intelligence and Religious activities with happiness of midwives working in hospitals and health centers

Background & aim: Happiness is one of the most important human needs that play an influential role in the health of the individuals and society. In the recent years, the role of spirituality and religion as important aspects of life has been considered in the health-related issues. The physical and mental health of the midwives plays a significant role in the quality of patient care. In this regard the current study was designed to investigate the relationship of spiritual intelligence and religious activities with happiness among midwivesworking in hospitals and health centers. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 midwives working in the maternity hospitals and health centers affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. The study sample was selected through cluster random sampling technique. The data were collected by the demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire, life style questionnaire, Spiritual Intelligence Scale, and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression using SPSS, version 16. Results: According to the results, spiritual intelligence was directly correlated with happiness (r=0.63,