345 research outputs found
Medical benefits for workmen under social insurance in Japan
Japan was the first Asian country to introduce social insurance measures and she has expanded them during the last few decades. The first social insurance law was passed in 1922 dealing with worker's health insurance in general. It was followed by many schemes of social insurance. National Health Insurance in 1938, Seamen's Insurance in 1939, Employees' Pension Insurance in 1941 and so forth. After World War II the new Constitution was enacted by which the Japanese Government was made responsible for the provision of medical care services for the whole nation. At present approximately the whole population is covered by either one or more of the various social insurance schemes. The main social insurance programs are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. Most of these insurance schemes are compulsory under Japanese law. Since it would be too difficult and complicated to explain all of these forms of social insurance in detail, we will discuss only about two schemes directly related to medical care services for the workers; namely, the Health Insurance Scheme for non. occupational diseases and disorders (sickness or injury off the job) and Workmen's Compensation Insurance for occupational diseases and disorders (sickness or injury on the job).</p
Kiloparsec-scale Radio Structures in Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
We report the finding of kiloparsec (kpc)-scale radio structures in three
radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies from the Faint Images of the
Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters (FIRST) of the Very Large Array (VLA), which
increases the number of known radio-loud NLS1s with kpc-scale structures to
six, including two gamma-ray emitting NLS1s (PMN J0948+0022 and 1H 0323+342)
detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The detection rate of extended
radio emissions in NLS1s is lower than that in broad-line active galactic
nuclei (AGNs) with a statistical significance. We found both core-dominated
(blazar-like) and lobe-dominated (radio-galaxy-like) radio structures in these
six NLS1s, which can be understood in the framework of the unified scheme of
radio-loud AGNs that considers radio galaxies as non-beamed parent populations
of blazars. Five of the six NLS1s have (i) extended radio luminosities
suggesting jet kinetic powers of >~10^44 erg/s, which is sufficient to make
jets escape from hosts' dense environments, (ii) black holes of >~10^7 solar
mass, which can generate the necessary jet powers from near-Eddington mass
accretion, and (iii) two-sided radio structures at kpc scales, requiring
expansion rates of ~0.01c--0.3c and kinematic ages of >~10^7 years. On the
other hand, most typical NLS1s would be driven by black holes of <~10^7 solar
mass in a limited lifetime of ~10^7 years. Hence the kpc-scale radio structures
may originate in a small window of opportunity during the final stage of the
NLS1 phase just before growing into broad-line AGNs.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journa
Causality of general input–output systems and extended small-gain theorem for their feedback connection
For the small-gain theorem derived by Zames in 1966, the later studies after a few decades elaborated on its derivation through defining system causality, which was not assumed by Zames. In connection with the treatment of causality, however, these studies made some unnecessary assumptions on the subsystems in feedback connection and failed to handle general systems described by an input–output relation rather than mapping (which we call input-intolerant/-output-unsolitary systems). On the other hand, although the treatment by Zames can handle such subsystems, it instead turns out to lead to larger values for the induced norms of subsystems compared with the later treatment. This paper is concerned with developing an extended form of the small-gain theorem through the same induced norms as in the later studies while dealing with general input–output causal subsystems. Since causality of subsystems plays a key role in such development, our research direction strongly motivates us to study how causality should be defined for general input–output systems. Thus, much of the arguments in this paper is devoted to such a study, which provides us with profound and thorough understandings on causality of different restricted classes of general input–output systems. Mutual relationships among adequate causality definitions for different classes are also clarified, which should be important in its own right. After deriving an extended form of the small-gain theorem, an example illustrates the importance of dealing with such general subsystems, as well as usefulness of the extension
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In situ study of granular micromechanics in semi-solid carbon steels
The granular micromechanics of semi-solid steel at ∼80% solid are studied by synchrotron radiography. A particulate soil mechanics approach to image analysis shows that deformation occurs by the translation and rotation of quasi-rigid grains under the action of contact forces, and that the changes in directional fabric and grain–grain contacts occur by mechanisms similar to those of highly compacted soils including “locked sands”. Grain-scale phenomena are then linked to the macroscopic displacement and strain fields and it is shown that shear-induced dilation is a fundamental response at both the grain and macro scales. Based on this, recommendations are made on future rheology experiments
Selecting the suitable dopants: electronic structures of transition metal and rare earth doped thermoelectric sodium cobaltate
Engineered is considered a prime candidate to achieve
high-efficiency thermoelectric systems to regenerate electricity from waste
heat. In this work, three elements with outmost electronic configurations, (1)
an open d shell (Ni), (2) a closed d shell (Zn), and (3) a half filled f shell
(Eu) with maximum unpaired electrons, were selected to outline the dopants'
effects on electronic and crystallographic structures of .
Systematic density functional calculations with package
showed that the Ni and Zn were more stable when substituting Co with formation
energy eV, eV when Fermi level equals to the valence band
maximum. While Eu is more stable when it substitutes Na having formation energy
of eV. As these results show great harmony with existing experimental
data, they provide new insights into the fundamental principle of dopant
selection for manipulating the physical properties in the development of
high-performance sodium cobaltate based multifunctional materials.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
A Measurement of the Cross Section in Two-Photon Processes
We have measured the inclusive production cross section in a
two-photon collision at the TRISTAN collider. The mean of
the collider was 57.16 GeV and the integrated luminosity was 150 . The
differential cross section () was obtained in the
range between 1.6 and 6.6 GeV and compared with theoretical predictions, such
as those involving direct and resolved photon processes.Comment: 8 pages, Latex format (article), figures corrected, published in
Phys. Rev. D 50 (1994) 187
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