The Effect of Justice Perception on Employee’s Motivation of the Public Sector Organizations in Pakistan

Organizational behavior has long been a point of discussion in the areas of management and public administration. Being an integral part of Human Resource Management public service motivation(PSM) has been having a direct effect on the employees’ behavior. An employee with high levels of motivation is considered a good fit for public sector organizations because of their service-oriented values. The current study explores the positive relationship between justice perception and employee’s motivation within the public-sector universities of Pakistan. It further explains organizational commitment plays an important role in the relationship between justice perception and employee motivation. Applying the theoretical lens of Perry’s (2000) process theory and Adam's (1965) Equity theory of organizational justice to examine their views on employee motivation, performance, and commitment.  Theoretical and practical implications for adaptive public sector leaders and employee responses are discussed. However, a survey method was employed to assemble 488 usable questionnaires from faulty/administrative members of public sector universities of Pakistan. The findings indicate that the relationship between justice perception and employee’s motivation is statistically significant and positively correlated. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used for hypotheses testing. This study will be among few studies that have highlighted the importance of interaction effect of organizational commitment strengthens the relationship between justice perception and employee’s motivation

Hybrid Radio Resource Management for Heterogeneous Wireless Access Network

Heterogeneous wireless access network (HWAN) is composed of fifth-generation (5G) and fourth-generation (4G) cellular systems and IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs). These diverse and dense wireless networks have different data rates, coverage, capacity, cost, and QoS. Furthermore, user devices are multi-modal devices that allow users to connect to more than one network simultaneously. This thesis presents radio resource management for RAT selection, radio resource allocation, load balancing, congestion control mechanism, and user device (UD) energy management that can effectively utilize the available resources in the heterogeneous wireless networks and enhance the quality-of-service (QoS) and user quality-of-experience (QoE). Recent studies on radio resource management in HWAN lead to two broad categories, 1) centralized architecture and 2) distributed model. In the centralized model, all the decision making power confines to a centralized controller and user devices are assumed as passive transceivers. In contrast, user devices actively participate in radio resource management in the distributed model, resulting in poor resource utilization and maximum call blocking and call dropping probabilities. In this thesis, we present a novel hybrid radio resource management model for HWAN that is composed of OFDMA based system and WLAN. In this model, both the centralized controller and the user device take part in resource management. Our hybrid mechanism considers attributes related to both user and network. However, these attributes are conflicting in nature. Moreover, a single RAT selection is performed based on user location and available networks, whereas UD with a multi-homing call receives the radio resource share from each network to fulfil its minimum data rate requirement. A novel approach is proposed for load balancing where an equal load ratio is maintained across all the available networks in HWAN. Performance evaluation through call blocking probability and network utilization will reveal the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The demand for more data rates is on the rise. The 5G heterogeneous wireless access network is a potential solution to tackle the high data rate demand. The 5GHWAN is composed of 5G new radio (NR) and 4G long-term evolution (LTE) base stations (BSs). In a practical system, the channel conditions fluctuate due to user mobility. We, therefore, investigate radio resource allocation and congestion control mechanism along with network-assisted distributive RAT selection in a time-varying 5GHWAN. This joint problem of radio resource allocation and congestion control management has signalling overhead and computational complexity limitations. Therefore, we use the Lyapunov optimization to convert the offline problem into an online optimization problem based on channel state information (CSI) and queue state information (QSI). The theoretical and simulation results evaluate the performance of our proposed approach under the assumption of network stability. In addition, simulation results are presented to depict our proposed scheme’s effectiveness. Furthermore, our proposed RAT selection scheme performs better than the traditional centralized and distributive mechanisms. Recently an increase in the usage of video applications has been observed. Therefore, we explore hybrid radio resource management video streaming over time-varying HWAN. Using the Lyapunov optimization technique, we decompose our two-time scale stochastic optimization problem into two main sub-problems. One of the sub-problems is related to radio resource allocation that operates at a scheduling time interval. The radio resource allocation policy is implemented at a centralized control node responsible for allocating radio resources from the available wireless networks using Lagrange dual method. The other sub-problem is related to the quality rate adaptation policy that works at a chunk time scale. Each user selects the appropriate quality level of the video chunks adaptively in a distributive way based on buffer state and channel state information. We analyze and compare the QoE of our proposed approach over an arbitrary sample path of channel state information with an optimal T-slot algorithm. Finally, we evaluate the performance analysis of our proposed scheme for video streaming over a time-varying heterogeneous wireless access network through simulation results

Reducing Burnout, Suicide & Wellbeing among Healthcare Professionals: The Importance of Belonging

Recently the lack of well-being, higher rates of burnout and reports of suicide in healthcare professionals have become an area of concern for organisations. Physician and nurse suicides are a worry and subject of increasing ‘professional and public health interest. Despite good resources to help others, healthcare workers are sacrificing their well-being. Moreover, systemic barriers by organisational culture and policy are often preventing self-care or help-seeking actions

The Effect of E-Government on Citizen Trust of the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) in Pakistan

A considerable amount of cash is being spent by various nations throughout the world in creating and conveying e-government services to their citizen aims to effectively provide better community services to the nationals. The success and achievement of such applications is probably perceived in the developed nations however there is an overarching worry about the achievement and appropriation of these services in the developing nations. The main objective of this study is to investigate the citizen’s trust on the e-services offered by National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) which is an administration organization working under the service of Interior ministry in Pakistan. This study inferred particular research model from the refreshed Information System previous success model which was developed by DeLone and McLean, 1992 & 2003. Utilizing the determined model, this study hub around administration point of view on the impact of NADRA framework, data and service quality on clients’ trust and consequently how the citizens’ trust is useful to make an e-government application of NADRA sector useful in Pakistan. The main findings show that larger number of clients or citizens is satisfied with the e-services of NADARA in Pakistan and most of the activities assume a fundamental part for the utilization of the application process of NADRA sector. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that information quality, system quality, service quality and net benefits received from NADRA of Pakistan also plays an imperative role in the trust of citizens. Keywords: NADRA of Pakistan, E-government services, Citizens Trust, Satisfaction, Information System Model DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-18-15 Publication date:June 30th 202

The impact of British Christian missionaries on Indian religious, social and cultural life between 1800 and 1857. With particular reference to the role of missionaries in the events leading up to the 1857 Mutiny

This study examines the impact of British Christian missionaries in the north of India between 1800 and 1857. The study focuses on the cross cultural encounter between the Christian Missionaries and the Muslim inhabitants of three Indian cities: Agra, Delhi and Peshawar. Alongside this, the role of the missionaries in creating anti ¿ British sentiment in Agra and Delhi, is examined. Crucially, an assessment is made as to what extent Christian missionary involvement in these three cities influenced people to revolt against the British in 1857.University of Bradfor

PERANCANGAN TRANSMITTER UNTUK PENGAKTIFAN PROSEDUR CODE BLUE DAN PEMILIHAN KAPTEN TIM CODE BLUE BERDASARKAN AREA KERJA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN WIRELESS. STUDI KASUS: RSUP M. DJAMIL PADANG

Cardiac arrest atau henti jantung merupakan keadaan dimana berhentinya fungsi jantung secara tiba-tiba pada seseorang yang telah atau belum didiagnosis menderita penyakit jantung. Apabila seseorang mengalami henti jantung dan belum tertangani dalam jangka waktu 8 sampai 10 menit maka akan membahayakan nyawa pasien. Hal ini menyebabkan terbentuknya tim reaksi cepat dalam penanganan henti jantung dikenal dengan code blue team. Code blue team dapat dipanggil dengan mengaktifkan code blue. Code blue merupakan kode yang mengacu pada pasien yang mengalami situasi gawat darurat yang membutuhkan resusitasi. Beberapa rumah sakit besar di Indonesia telah menerapkan sistem pengaktifan code blue dengan menggunakan jaringan telpon ke nomor tertentu yang disepakati tiap rumah sakit dan pada sistem ini kedatangan code blue team di lokasi kejadian berkisar antara 5 sampai 10 menit. Namun terdapat kendala yang dihadapi pada sistem ini adalah dimana operator sentral tidak selalu berada di tempat dan dikarenakan banyak rumah sakit besar yang memiliki banyak ruangan / area menyebabkan proses yang lama ketika code blue team melakukan pencarian lokasi aktifasi dari masalah tersebut munculah gagasan untuk merancang suatu sistem yang dapat memberikan informasi berupa lokasi kejadian aktifasi code blue secara cepat dan akurat yang langsung diterima oleh code blue team tanpa melalui operator sentral dan merancang sistem yang dapat melakukan pemilihan code blue team apabila terjadi pemanggilan dalam waktu bersamaan untuk meningkatkan efektifitas komunikasi. Dari hasil implementasi didapat waktu rata-rata yang diperlukan untuk mengirim informasi aktivasi code blue adalah 5.4 detik dan waktu rata-rata yang diperlukan dari awal pengaktifan code blue hingga kapten sampai dilokasi adalah 35.93 detik. Kata Kunci : Code Blue, Code Blue Team, Pemilihan Kapten, Waktu Tanggap, Jaringan Nirkabel

Forecasting Major Food Crops Production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan

The present study was undertaken to investigate forecasting of major food crops production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was based on secondary data covers a period of about 30 years i.e. starting from 1984-85 to 2013-14, whereas, ARIMA modeling has been employed to fit the best time series model for major food crops production i.e. wheat, maize, sugarcane and rice. It reveals through the results that for major food crops production, the time series models which were found to be most suitable are as ARIMA (0, 2, 1), ARIMA (1, 2, 3), ARIMA (0, 2, 1) and random model ARIMA (0, 1, 0) respectively based on forecast evaluation criteria. It was concluded from the results of analyzed data that time series models were found adequate for forecasting major food crops production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.   

A pay for performance scheme in primary care: Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on the provider experiences of the quality and outcomes framework in the UK

Background: The Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) is an incentive scheme for general practice, which was introduced across the UK in 2004. The Quality and Outcomes Framework is one of the biggest pay for performance (P4P) scheme in the world, worth £691 million in 2016/17. We now know that P4P is good at driving some kinds of improvement but not others. In some areas, it also generated moral controversy, which in turn created conflicts of interest for providers. We aimed to undertake a meta-synthesis of 18 qualitative studies of the QOF to identify themes on the impact of the QOF on individual practitioners and other staff. Methods: We searched 5 electronic databases, Medline, Embase, Healthstar, CINAHL and Web of Science, for qualitative studies of the QOF from the providers’ perspective in primary care, published in UK between 2004 and 2018. Data was analysed using the Schwartz Value Theory as a theoretical framework to analyse the published papers through the conceptual lens of Professionalism. A line of argument synthesis was undertaken to express the synthesis. Results: We included 18 qualitative studies that where on the providers’ perspective. Four themes were identified; 1) Loss of autonomy, control and ownership; 2) Incentivised conformity; 3) Continuity of care, holism and the caring role of practitioners’ in primary care; and 4) Structural and organisational changes. Our synthesis found, the Values that were enhanced by the QOF were power, achievement, conformity, security, and radition. The findings indicated that P4P schemes should aim to support Values such as benevolence, self-direction, stimulation, hedonism and universalism, which professionals ranked highly and have shown to have positive implications for Professionalism and efficiency of health systems. Conclusions: Understanding how practitioners experience the complexities of P4P is crucial to designing and delivering schemes to enhance and not compromise the values of professionals. Future P4P schemes should aim to permit professionals with competing high priority values to be part of P4P or other quality improvement initiatives and for them to take on an ‘influencer role’ rather than being ‘responsive agents’. Through understanding the underlying Values and not just explicit concerns of professionals, may ensure higher levels of acceptance and enduring success for P4P schemes

EXPLORING THE PERCEPTION OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS (ADE /B.ED.(HONS)) ABOUT THE CHALLENGES DURING PRACTICUM IN QUETTA CITY, PAKISTAN

Teacher is the central cog in the machinery of Education. The quality and worth of the teachers determine the quality of Education. For the better education, the effective and committed teachers are needed. In ADE / B.Ed.(Hons) program, practicum is one of the essential components for practical experiences, school-based activities and teaching training to become the devoted and professional teacher. So, the present study investigated the perceptions on adequacy of practicum and highlight the challenges faced by prospective teachers. The study was conducted through using mixed method approach. Structured questionnaire and interview protocol were used for the data collection. Data was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The sample of 150 prospective teachers from colleges and universities, offering ADE/ B.Ed. program were selected through simple random sampling technique who completed their practicum. The analysis indicated the prospective teachers face variety of challenges such as no adequate support of school administration, lack of proper guidance and encouragement from university supervisors, no skills to design and implement classroom activities associated with teachings, behavior of cooperative teachers as they spend more time with them in schools and no proper meetings and seminars conducted to check the quality of work and problems of prospective teachers. Nevertheless, majority of the prospective teachers think that practicum is an important element for the preparation of professional life of teachers and found practicum to be a valuable experience. Article visualizations