Characterization of SiGe/Si Heterostructures Formed by Ge+ and C+ Implantation

Formation of SiGe/Si heterostructures by germanium ion implantation was investigated. A germanium‐implanted layer was grown epitaxially in the solid phase by thermal annealing. Two kinds of crystalline defects were observed. One is a misfit dislocation, and the other is a residual dislocation caused by ion bombardment. The p‐n junction formed in the SiGe layer has a leakage current three orders of magnitude larger than that of a pure Si p‐n junction fabricated with an identical process except for the Ge+ implantation. Carbon doping in the SiGe layer improves its crystalline quality and the junction characteristics

Global Energy Strategies to Control Future Carbon Dioxide Emissions

The objective of the collaborative IIASA-CRIEPI study was to develop an analytical framework and formulate scenarios for evaluating the effectiveness of policy options in global/regional energy systems directed at delaying or mitigating the global-warming effect over the first half of the 21st century. The study is therefore aimed at the development of analytical tools for evaluating long-term energy/climate countermeasure options, taking into account the influence on energy demand and supply of changes in social needs, economic and population growth, governmental policies, and technological progress. The approach is based on scenario simulations to describe those techno-economic and socio-cultural changes which determine future energy-use patterns and their environmental impacts. For this purpose, two scenarios have been formulated: one with changes in society, economic systems, and the energy sector that follow the dynamics-as-usual pattern, and the other with enhanced energy efficiency improvements and conservation efforts. For each scenario three different cases have been analyzed reflecting the possible situations on the energy supply side. Addressing policy makers and specialists in energy demand and supply, the authors evaluate the consequences of various policy options and explore more efficient and effective measures for reducing environmental impacts, for example, through regional interactions such as technology transfer and technological progress. This report describes the relationship between the directions of policy orientations and the global energy situations in the future. The issues that require further investigation include the process of international cooperation on implementing the measures proposed, the evaluation of the costs associated with the construction of future energy systems as well as the introduction of advanced technologies, and formulation of a global strategy to control not only carbon dioxide as examined in this study but also all the greenhouse gases

Improved Crystalline Quality of Si\u3csub\u3e1-x\u3c/sub\u3eGe\u3csub\u3ex\u3c/sub\u3e Formed by Low-temperature Germanium Ion Implantation

Improvement of crystalline quality in Si1-xGex formed by germanium ion implantation has been found. End‐of‐range defects were drastically reduced in number by lowering the substrate temperature during implantation with doses on the order of 1016 cm−2. This improvement was confirmed by electrical characterization of p‐n junctions formed in the SiGe layer as well as by transmission electron microscopy

tidytcells: standardizer for TR/MH nomenclature

T cell receptors (TR) underpin the diversity and specificity of T cell activity. As such, TR repertoire data is valuable both as an adaptive immune biomarker, and as a way to identify candidate therapeutic TR. Analysis of TR repertoires relies heavily on computational analysis, and therefore it is of vital importance that the data is standardized and computer-readable. However in practice, the usage of different abbreviations and non-standard nomenclature in different datasets makes this data pre-processing non-trivial. tidytcells is a lightweight, platform-independent Python package that provides easy-to-use standardization tools specifically designed for TR nomenclature. The software is open-sourced under the MIT license and is available to install from the Python Package Index (PyPI). At the time of publishing, tidytcells is on version 2.0.0

The Performance of CRTNT Fluorescence Light Detector for Sub-EeV Cosmic Ray Observation

Cosmic Ray Tau Neutrino Telescopes (CRTNT) using for sub-EeV cosmic ray measurement is discussed. Performances of a stereoscope configuration with a tower of those telescopes plus two side-triggers are studied. This is done by using a detailed detector simulation driven by Corsika. Detector aperture as a function of shower energy above 10^17 eV is calculated. Event rate of about 20k per year for the second knee measurement is estimated. Event rate for cross calibration with detectors working on higher energy range is also estimated. Different configurations of the detectors are tried for optimization.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to HEP & N

Core structure of EAS in 10(15) to 10(17) eV

With the use of Akeno calorimeter, the attenuation of particles in concrete is analyzed as the function of the shower size of 10 to the 5th power to 10 to the 7th power. The attenuation length does not depend much on the shower size but depends a little on the shower age. The average value is approx. 150 g/sq cm for s = 0.5 to 0.85 and approx. 40 g/sq cm for s = 0.85 to 1.15. These values and their fluctuations are consistent with the equi-intensity curves of extensive air showers (EAS)

Probe of CP Violation in e+e- -> ttbar Near Threshold

We study how to probe the anomalous CP-violating couplings of top quark with photon, Z and gluon in the ttbar threshold region at future e+e- colliders. These couplings contribute to the difference of the t and tbar polarization vectors delta P and to the CP-odd spin correlation tensor delta Q_ij. We find that typical sizes of delta P and delta Q_ij are 5-20% times the couplings (d_tgamma, d_tZ, d_tg) in the threshold region. Experimentally delta P can be measured efficiently using the CP-odd combination of the l+/l- momenta or of the l+/l- directions. We have similar sensitivities to both the real and imaginary parts of the couplings independently using the two components of delta P. Taking advantage of different dependences of delta P on the e+/e- polarizations and on the c.m. energy, we will be able to disentangle the effects of the three couplings d_tgamma, d_tZ, d_tg in the ttbar threshold region. We give rough estimates of sensitivities to the anomalous couplings expected at future e+e- colliders. The sensitivities to d_tgamma and d_tZ are comparable to those attainable in the open-top region at e+e- colliders. The sensitivity to d_tg is worse than that expected at a hadron collider but exceeds the sensitivity in the open-top region at e+e- colliders.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure