Self-affinities of Folds and Incomplete Similarity

A method to analyze self-affinities is introduced, andapplied to the large scale fold geometries of the Quaternary andTertiary in the inner belt of the Northeast Honshu Arc. Based onthis analysis, their geometries are found to be self-affine and canbe differently scaled in different directions. We recognize the selfaffinitiesfor the amplitude and the wavelength of folds, anddiscover a crossover from local to global altitude (vertical)variation of the geometries of folds in the Northeast Honshu Arc.Buckingham's Pi-theorem has been applied to similar systems ofinhomogeneous viscous Newtonian fluid under similar boundarycondition. However, Buckingham's Pi-theorem cannot give us theself-affinities of folds. A general renormalization-group argumentis proposed to the applicability of the similarity theory. By thisargument, we derive the self-affinities for the amplitude and thewavelength of folds as a parameter for the anisotropic stress field

Fracturing in the Solid Earth

In the Solid Earth, fracturing is a pervasive phenomenon : weathering, explosion, impact, faulting, earthquake and so forth. Several empirical studies on fractures have demonstrated a power-law dependence of the cumulative number N(r) of fragments of which sizes are larger than size r, N(r)～r^[-D]. This is taken as evidence that the fracturing is a scale-invariant process concerning the size distribution. Therefore, fractures can be described from the viewpoint of fractal. This description derives mathematically Gaudin-Schuhmann relation and Charles\u27 relation and is sufficiently in incorporation of the three theories on size reduction : Rittinger\u27s, Kick\u27s and Bond\u27s theories. The fractal dimension (D) provides a measure of the relative importance of large versus small objects and is related to both energy density for fracturing and Weibull\u27s coefficient of uniformity (w) when the "size effect" of tensile strength is taken into consideration. Fracture surface is also a typical example of fractals. The specific surface area S of each fragment is plotted as functions of the mean fragment size r^-. Then the surface fractal dimension D′ can be defined by S～r^[-D′-3]. The D′-value for fractures increases as the energy of fracturing increased. This indicates that the surface fractal dimension D′ can be a measure of fracture intensity. By analyzing the self-affinity of fracture trace curve, however, the fracture trace actually seems to be self-affine but not self-similar. Similarly, the growth pattern of various fractures, such as faults, pull-apart basins, landslides, crater morphologies and stream patterns, over a wide range of size scales is not necessarily isometric (self-similar). Therefore, the scaling law should be represented as C_Y=C^β_X, where C_Y and C_X are scale ratios on Y and X between fractures in scale. Moreover, this relation can also be extended to the relation between individual and system of the fracture and the relationship between the displacement and thickness of the ductile shear zone

SHEAR ZONE DEVELOPMENT AND FRICTIONAL INSTABILITY OF FAULT GOUGE

ABSTRACT: Earthquakes are typical phenomena of frictional slip of geomaterials in nature. To evaluate slip instability, shear development in a gouge layer or fault material has been investigated. However, the quantitative relationship between slip instability and shear development has not been revealed because of difficulty in quantitative observation of microstructures under high pressure. Hence, we aim to describe shear development in a gouge layer energetically, and discuss the relation between shear development and slip instability. To this end, we calculated shear angles by utilizing experimental data of gouge. As a result, this study reveals that shear bands in a gouge layer develop at lower angles or almost parallel to rock-gouge boundaries toward the occurrence of unstable slip, particularly under low confining pressure. Additionally, variation in Riedel shear angles throughout gouge layers depends on confining pressures: Under low confining pressures, heterogeneous localized shears trigger voluntary increase in strain. On the other hand, under a high confining pressure, gouge layers deform homogeneously, and the whole of samples slips dynamically. Clarification of shear development of geomaterials is useful for evaluating the occurrence of frictional slip such as earthquakes and slope failures

The leech excitatory peptide, a member of the GGNG peptide family: isolation and comparison with the earthworm GGNG peptides

AbstractA member of the GGNG peptide family was isolated from Hirudo nipponia (leech). GGNG peptides had only been isolated previously from earthworms. The C-terminus structure of the leech peptide, LEP (leech excitatory peptide), was –Gly–Gly–Asn–amide, while that of the earthworm peptides, EEP (earthworm excitatory peptide), was –Gly–Gly–Asn–Gly. LEP exerted 1000-fold more potent activities on leech gut than did EEP-2. On the other hand, EEP-2 was 1000-fold more potent than LEP on the crop-gizzard of the earthworm. Analog peptides of LEP and EEP-2 were synthesized, and the myoactive potency of each analog on the leech and earthworm tissues was compared

学科横断プロジェクトのドキュメンテーションとデザイン教育システムに関する研究

本研究は、平成23年度共同研究を受け、より全学的視野から、教育プロセスの可視化を図るとともに、データの高度なデザイン化を図ることを目的とする。具体的には、（1）記録スタッフを全学的に募集し、分野横断的な記録システムを構築する。（2）多様なデザイン分野の視点に立ち、ドキュメンテーションのデザイン化、ソーシャル・ネットワーク化を行う。（3）ドキュメンテーション・デザイン教育分野の可能性を探り、カリキュラム成立に向けた分野横断的実践を行う。平成23年度共同研究に基づき、ドキュメンテーションにおける問題点を抽出するとともに、改善への指針を固める。特に、ドキュメンテーション・デザイン教育に関しては、大学カリキュラムへの導入を図り、体系的なスタッフ育成システムを構築する。本稿では平成24年度に実施されたドキュメンテーションを事例に、ドキュメンテーション・デザイン教育への取り組みについて報告する。対象となるドキュメンテーションは以下の通りである。（1）方丈の庵プロジェクト（平成24年6月17日）、（2）布引音楽祭（平成24年8月4日）、（3）ちびっこうべ（平成24年8月24日〜10月6日）、（4）第9回学園都市学校連携アートワークショップ（平成24年9月16日）、（5）神戸芸術工科大学卒展リアルタイム・ドキュメンテーション（平成25年2月7日〜11日）。This study has the purpose that we have a plan of visualizing the design curriculum and constructs the system of documentation design. The methods are as follows: (1) Constructing the data system by recruiting documentation staffs form some departments in Kobe design University, (2) From diversity perspective points, Designing a documentation and sharing the documentation via social network system, (3) Researching the possibility of documentation design education and constituting a documentation curriculum.Based form the research in 2012, we extract various issues and decide solutions. In particular, about documentation design education, we introduce the curriculum and construct the system of training documentation staffs.We report the documentation in 2012 as follows: (1) The project of HOJO-no-IORI (June 17), (2) Festival of music in NUNOBIKI, Kobe (August 4), (3) CHIBIC-KOBE (August 24- October 6), (4) Realtime documentation of exhibition in Kobe Design University (February 7-11, 2013)

Seasonal variations of NO observed with a microwave radiometer at Syowa Station

第3回極域科学シンポジウム　横断セッション「中層大気・熱圏」 11月26日（月） 国立極地研究所 ２階大会議

2015年の昭和基地でのNOおよびオゾンの地上ミリ波モニタリング観測

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断型セッション：[IM] 横断　中層大気・熱圏11月17日（火）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Nonlinear dynamical systems and KCC-theory

Nonlinear dynamical systems can be uniquely investigated by a geometric theory (KCC-theory). The five KCC-invariants express intrinsic properties of the nonlinear dynamical systems. The second invariant as a curvature tensor determines the stability of the systems. The third invariant as a torsion tensor expresses the chaotic behavior. As an example, the KCC-theory is applied to a geodynamical system (the Rikitake system)